[car home Information] Recently, we learned from relevant channels that Buick’s product launch plan in 2024, the new (|)S was launched on March 21st, and Angkor Plus is expected to complete its launch in March. LaCrosse and Weilang Pro changed their age in July and the end of October respectively. In terms of new energy, the GL8 plug-in version will be released at the Beijing Auto Show in April and listed at the end of August. Buick E5/E4 will be updated with ADAS/VCS in August, and a new energy vehicle named Buick V6 will be launched.

Cash lacrosse

"Cash!Weilang Pro』

　　In the mid-term, the Angkor family will be changed. The new car will adopt the latest family front face, the body is slightly shorter than the current one, and the interior is equipped with an integrated curved screen of EYEMAX. It is expected that the official guide price of the new Angkewei family will also be lowered, and the price of the entry-level model may drop to 169,900 yuan. At present, the news about the modified LaCrosse model has not been exposed. Considering that it is a modified model of the year, it is expected that the appearance and interior will not change much, and it is expected to be listed in July. It is expected that the redesigned Weilang Pro will adopt a design similar to that of LaCrosse and Regal, and will be launched at the end of October.

　　Judging from the spy photos of Buick GL8, its appearance and interior design are closer to Buick Century, and its comprehensive cruising range is expected to exceed 1000km. It will be seen at the Beijing Auto Show in April. The new car is expected to be equipped with a plug-in hybrid system consisting of 1.5T engine and P1+P3 motor.

　　SAIC-GM VCS intelligent cockpit system will launch an upgrade platform equipped with Snapdragon 8195 chip. At present, Buick’s models use Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip more, and Buick E5/E4 is expected to adapt to the 8195 chip with stronger performance. There is little information about Buick V6 at present. What is certain is that it will be a new energy vehicle with a cruising range of 430km-450km. (Source: online auto market; Compile/car home yaoyu)

21st century business herald reporter Zuo Maoxuan reports from Shanghai.

After several twists and turns, the smart electric vehicle brand jointly built by Baidu and Geely has gone beyond the limit, and finally started the market-oriented stage.

On October 27th, its first model, Extreme Yue 01, was officially launched. This time, two models, Extreme Yue 01 Max and Extreme Yue 01 Max Performance, were launched, and the price was 249,900 ~ 339,900 yuan.

Among them, the most concerned high-order intelligent assisted driving function "ROBO Drive Max", which is regarded as the core competitiveness of Chaoyue, supports 980 yuan’s subscription on schedule/month, or a one-time buyout of 49,900 yuan.

Extreme leap is an important carrier of Baidu’s dream of building a car.

In January 2021, Baidu announced the establishment of a smart electric vehicle company with Geely. In March, Jidu Automobile was formally established with a registered capital of 1 billion yuan. Baidu and Geely held 55% and 45% of the shares respectively, and received over 300 million US dollars in start-up funds.

At the Guangzhou Auto Show at the end of 2022, the first automobile robot ROBO 01 of Jidu was officially unveiled. It was built based on Geely’s vast SEA architecture, and the intelligent scheme mainly came from Baidu.

Limited by the qualification problem, Jidu Automobile almost fell silent in the first half of this year.

Until August 14th this year, Geely Holding Group released official information and announced the strategic upgrade of cooperation with Baidu. Its brand-new automobile robot brand "Extreme Yue" was officially released, and its first model was officially named "Extreme Yue 01".

"Extreme Yue" is born out of Jidu Automobile, and follows the brand logo of Jidu Automobile. Extreme Yue 01 is the first production car ROBO 01 of Jidu.

The company behind Jiyue brand is Hangzhou Jiyue Automobile Technology Co., Ltd., which was formally established on August 9 this year. Zhejiang Geely Investment Holding Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Mihang Automobile Co., Ltd., which is wholly owned by Baidu, jointly hold shares, with the dual shareholding ratio of 65% and 35% respectively.

Although the equity has changed, the division of labor has not changed: Geely is responsible for vehicle manufacturing and Baidu is responsible for AI empowerment.

Extreme Yue seems to be the product of a "strong alliance" and regards Tesla as the goal of his own challenge.

"From beginning to end, we wanted to have a fight with Tesla." On October 28th, Xia Yiping, CEO of Extreme Vietnam, stressed in an interview with 21st century business herald.

In his view, although players in the industry want to benchmark Tesla, no one can shake its position yet. And the more intelligent the price is, the better the price/performance ratio is in the current industry.

Intelligence is regarded as the core competitiveness, which is similar to Tesla and Tucki.

However, as far as the moment is concerned, it is only now that it has entered the market, and the market challenges it faces are extremely severe. Whether facing "Wei Xiaoli" or Huawei, intelligence has become the main battlefield for various smart electric vehicle companies to compete. As a latecomer, Jiyue is facing the pressure of market competition, technology, supply chain and so on.

"Pure Vision" Intelligent Driving Scheme

The ultra-yue car said that the ultra-yue 01 is the world’s first AI car robot. This concept seems to be a gimmick, but it is also a way to emphasize one’s greatest characteristics as a latecomer to the market.

When Baidu and Geely jointly conceived to build a new brand, they had already made clear the special attributes of this new brand.

The main purpose of Baidu is to inherit the core competence of Baidu Apollo, and re-integrate and verify it, so that Baidu has a landing scene in the research and development of autonomous driving for many years.

Geely itself has a complicated brand sequence including Geely, Link, Volvo, Polar Star, etc. It does not need a new brand that is too close to the previous brand positioning, but hopes to make more attempts in intelligence, so as to explore more possibilities in the future automobile era.

In other words, Geely provides technical support for the "body" of the company, while Baidu is responsible for the "soul" of the smart car of the company.

Extreme Yue 01 is based on the vast architecture of Geely SEA, which has been applied in many brands such as Extreme Krypton, smart and Polar Star, and its performance and quality have been preliminarily recognized in the market.

Therefore, intelligent ability is the core competitiveness that Extreme Vietnam tries to focus on.

According to Extreme Yue, the intelligent driving of Extreme Yue 01 relies on the "pure vision" perception algorithm. Its pure vision perception architecture has 11 high-definition cameras, 12 ultrasonic radars and 5 millimeter-wave radars, totaling 28 intelligent driving sensors, and the laser radar is cancelled.

This scheme named "ROBO Drive Max" is the first "pure vision" scheme in China to get through the network occupied by BEV+Transformer+OCC. On a global scale, it is also the second car company to adopt a pure vision solution after Tesla FSD.

According to Xia Yiping, at the beginning of this year, Extreme Vietnam made a lot of evaluations when it planned to take off the lidar and adopt a pure vision algorithm, especially in the early days, and it also expected the local experience to decline. However, from the perspective of cost and optimization of computing power, the pure vision scheme was finally adopted.

Xia Yiping believes that going to lidar is not an inevitable result, and there are always repeated in the process of technological development.

"Under the current laws and regulations, it is of no value to be too aggressive in autonomous driving. The first step is to model the whole vision algorithm. The future vision model must be more general, not a simple concept of automatic driving, but more a concept of general artificial intelligence. This is a long-term development trend and irreversible. " Xia Yiping said.

In his view, the advanced intelligent driving function at this stage should start from the scenes used by users every day, not just "showing off skills".

According to reports, ROBO Drive Max includes point-to-point navigation assistance PPA+ parking service AVP+ROBO Drive full function.

Point-to-point pilot-assisted PPA, with high-order intelligent driving assistance capability covering high-speed and urban scenes. When PPA is started, it can complete a series of functional scenes such as autonomous lane change overtaking, getting on and off ramps, obstacle avoidance in and between lanes at high speed and overhead. In urban roads, zebra crossings and traffic lights can be accurately identified, and driving tasks such as courtesy to pedestrians, unprotected left turn and avoiding non-motor vehicles can be completed.

In parking service, it can not only identify various types and complex parking spaces, but also support a distance of up to 2 kilometers. Both indoor and outdoor parking lots can be used, and it can support the parking of any parking space on the same floor to the entrance and exit of the parking lot.

It is understood that this year, ROBO Drive Max will open the high-level intelligent driving function in the urban area to all users in Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hangzhou, and PPA can be used in 90% of the high-speed viaducts in the country. In 2024, PPA will gradually open 200+ cities nationwide.

However, as far as the more complicated traffic environment in China is concerned, whether this pure vision scheme can work depends on the subsequent effect on the actual road before we can make a judgment.

In terms of intelligent cockpit, Extreme Yue 01 was first equipped with 8295 chip of Qualcomm’s 4th generation Snapdragon digital cockpit platform, and dual NPU(60TOPS) was fully enabled for the first time. In addition, Extreme Yue has also integrated the large-scale model capability of ERNIE Bot, making it the first smart car in the world with a large model.

Just from 0 to 0.1.

"I firmly believe that from yesterday, the entire new energy automobile industry will be divided into pure new energy vehicles and smart cars." On October 28th, Xia Yiping said in an interview with 21st century business herald.

He believes that the difference between the two lies in the different requirements for mastering the core technical capabilities. One is dominated by technology companies, which have the ability to calculate and master the core of the algorithm; One is dominated by the traditional mechanical performance companies of Sanpower in the past. This has undergone a watershed change.

"I don’t think we have entered a’ Red Sea’ battlefield. I think we still have to open up a new battlefield." Xia Yiping said.

Although the current competition in the smart electric vehicle market is extremely fierce, he believes that Extreme Vietnam still has market opportunities.

At the same time, Xia Yiping also said that it is only from 0 to 0.1 to build the car, and it is necessary to improve the systematic ability of production capacity, supply chain and channels.

Of course, the most direct problem now facing Xiayi Plane is how to sell more cars.

In the laying of sales channels, Jiyue has also been questioned by many outsiders. Since the end of last year, Jiyue has started to build offline stores, some of which are in the core business districts with high rents such as Lujiazui in Shanghai and Sanlitun in Beijing. At that time, it was still a long time before the first production car.

Xia Yiping said frankly that opening a store in advance without a car and being vacant there put a lot of pressure on the brand. For a startup, it is actually a very difficult decision.

"Opened a store, no mass production, can only put engineering vehicles over there, also can have an impact. But how can you promote your brand if you don’t open a shop? How does user cognition come about? If you promote it too early, there will be another problem. Without products, everyone says that you build a car with PPT. " Xia Yiping said.

From the perspective of market volume, although the company has gained a certain social awareness by building a store in the bustling business district, compared with other car companies that already have a certain sales volume in the market, despite relying on Geely and Baidu, the brand awareness of the company is still insufficient.

Next, Extreme Vietnam will still speed up the channel construction.

According to reports, at present, there are nearly 50 sales stores in Vietnam, and it is planned to reach more than 100 by the end of this year, and more than 250 sales stores will be laid next year; On the after-sales side, direct stores and authorized stores are spread out in two ways.

Regarding the sales forecast, Xia Yiping said that at present, Extreme Vietnam is still in the stage of capacity climbing, and another model will be released soon. The climbing process may last for more than one year, and it is expected to reach the goal of monthly sales of 10,000 vehicles in 2025. Extreme Vietnam plans to produce a new car every year, and accelerate it in the third and fourth years, and more models will come out.

Where is the road to cooperation between Baidu and Geely?

Judging from the current public situation, the more successful it is to enter the market, it means that the cooperation between Baidu and Geely has entered a new stage.

In fact, with the development of intelligent new energy automobile industry, the cooperation between technology and automobile industry is getting closer and closer. However, it is the first new car-making enterprise in the true sense to be jointly funded and incubated by Internet giants and traditional car companies.

Unlike Huawei, which has attacked the city in the automobile industry in the past two years and held hands extensively, Baidu entered the smart driving track earlier, but due to the lack of representative products, its cognition in the hearts of ordinary consumers is not strong.

The emergence of the extreme leap may make up for some shortcomings in this respect, but a series of new puzzles have not been completely uncovered.

In addition to providing intelligent technology, what kind of attitude will Baidu participate in the road of building cars in the future? Among the many sub-brands of Geely Holding, what kind of identity will Extreme Yue play? Is there more room for imagination in the cooperation between Baidu and Geely after passing the extreme leap?

For many questions, it seems that we have to wait until what kind of market achievements we can achieve before we can have a chance to imagine a longer future.

Interestingly, on the same day that Extreme Yue 01 held a listing conference, Extreme Krypton also held a listing conference for the new car Extreme Krypton 001 FR.

Regarding the difference between Extreme Yue and Extreme Krypton, An Conghui, CEO of Extreme Krypton Intelligent Technology, said in an interview with 21st century business herald that although they share a vast infrastructure, the needs of each brand are different, from performance, configuration and material application to design, adjustment and user expectations. Products may overlap, but they must belong to different market segments.

Of course, from now on, Extreme Vietnam has just entered the knockout stage. Although it is backed by Geely and Baidu, it is destined that a few new car-making enterprises in China will survive in the end, and Extreme Vietnam has not taken the lead.

However, compared with other new car-making enterprises, Jiyue can rely on Geely in platform development and factory construction, and the level of intelligence is empowered by Baidu, so the demand for funds may have an advantage.

However, new car-making enterprises will be in a strategic loss stage for a long time, and they need more support in the capital market.

At present, there are only two shareholders, Baidu and Geely. However, 21st century business herald reporter learned from people familiar with the matter that Vietnam also hopes to raise funds from abroad.

According to Xia Yiping, there will be new financing actions early next year, which will be announced at that time.

For more information, please download 21 Finance APP.

[car home Enshi Preferential Promotion Channel] Recently, a price reduction promotion activity was launched in Enshi, with the highest preferential amount reaching 23,000 yuan and the lowest starting price being 93,900 yuan. For consumers who are interested in buying, this is undoubtedly a good time to start. In order to get a more favorable car price, we suggest that you click the "Check Car Price" button in the quotation form for more detailed information.

The front face design of Changan Auchan X7 PLUS adopts family-style design language, and the air intake grille adopts large-size hexagonal design with chrome trim, which makes the whole front look very domineering. The body lines are smooth, and the overall style is younger. With LED headlights, it is more fashionable. The side lines of the car body are smooth, the roof lines are tilted backwards, the rear design is simple, and the LED taillights echo the headlights, creating a fashionable and dynamic visual effect.

Changan Auchan X7 PLUS has a length, width and height of 4730*1870*1720mm and a wheelbase of 2786mm, providing spacious interior space. The side lines of the car body are smooth, with 19-inch rims, showing a dynamic appearance. Tyre size is 225/55 R19, equipped with sports-style rims, which adds a sense of fashion and sportsmanship to the vehicle.

The interior design of Changan Auchan X7 PLUS is simple and full of scientific sense. The center console is equipped with a 7-inch central control screen, which provides an intuitive operation interface for drivers. The steering wheel is made of plastic material, which supports manual adjustment up and down, ensuring a good grip and operational flexibility. The car is equipped with multiple USB/Type-C interfaces, which is convenient for passengers to connect various devices. The seat is made of imitation leather. The main driver’s seat supports front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment and height adjustment, while the co-pilot’s seat supports front and rear adjustment and backrest adjustment. The second row of seats also has backrest adjustment function and supports proportional reclining, providing passengers with a comfortable riding experience.

Changan Auchan X7 PLUS is equipped with a 1.5T turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 125kW and a maximum torque of 260 N m. The L4 engine layout is matched with a 6-speed manual gearbox, providing a strong power output and a smooth shifting experience.

Car owners in car home said that Changan Auchan X7 PLUS, as a 7-seat model, is very suitable for family travel, especially for families with old people and children, it is more convenient to go out and play. The appearance is fashionable and impressive, but when choosing between SUV and commercial vehicle, she prefers the design of Changan Auchan X7 PLUS.

Recently, car home Chongqing preferential promotion channel has brought a wave of heavy discounts! It is under way in Chongqing, and you can enjoy a maximum discount of 93,000! The minimum starting price of this luxury SUV is 259,700, and now is a good time to buy it. If you want to know more about the discount details and car purchase information, you may wish to click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to get a higher discount.

Cadillac XT5 adopts Cadillac family-style design language, and its appearance is luxurious and atmospheric. The front face design of this car adopts the iconic shield-shaped air intake grille, with streamlined body lines and dynamic headlights, showing Cadillac’s unique design style. The overall style is fashionable and steady, creating a noble and luxurious atmosphere. The car side lines are smooth, and the roof lines are smooth and dynamic, showing the sporty and luxurious feeling of Cadillac XT5. The tail design is simple and generous, and the taillight group adopts LED light source, which improves the recognition and safety of the vehicle. In a word, the design of Cadillac XT5 is a perfect combination of luxury and sports, and it is an unforgettable model.

Cadillac XT5 is a luxury SUV. Its body size is 4813*1903*1682mm, the wheelbase is 2857mm, and the front and rear wheel tracks are 1645 mm.. The side lines of this model are smooth, simple and powerful, showing a luxurious temperament. It adopts 235/65 R18 front tyre size and 235/65 R18 rear tyre size, and the width and height of the tire are very moderate, which can provide better handling performance and comfort. The rim adopts a fashionable design style, and the overall shape is very exquisite, which shows the luxury temperament of Cadillac XT5.

The interior style of Cadillac XT5 is luxurious and elegant, and the overall design is simple and generous. The steering wheel is made of leather, which feels comfortable and the position supports manual up and down+front and rear adjustment. The central control screen size is 8 inches, which supports speech recognition control system, including multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air conditioning. The seat is made of imitation leather or genuine leather. The main and co-pilot seats support front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, height adjustment (4-way) and lumbar support (2-way). The front seats are also equipped with heating function. The rear seat supports front and rear adjustment and backrest adjustment, and also supports proportional reclining. Both front and rear seats are equipped with USB/Type-C interface for easy charging. The overall interior configuration is rich, providing a comfortable driving experience.

Cadillac XT5 is powered by a 2.0T 237 HP L4 engine with a maximum power of 174 kW and a maximum torque of 350 N m.. The power performance of this engine is excellent, and the smooth shifting of the 9-speed automatic manual transmission can bring drivers a more comfortable and stable driving experience. At the same time, this engine also has high fuel economy, making your driving more economical and environmentally friendly.

Thank you very much to car home car owners for sharing their wonderful comments about Cadillac XT5. As can be seen from his word of mouth, XT5 looks magnificent and domineering, especially the classic black color is impressive. Although the black body is easy to get dirty, it can also show its unique charm in rain and snow. The interior materials are good and the air conditioning effect is excellent, which will not affect the power of the car. Seat comfort is also a highlight of XT5. Although it is not genuine leather, it is still very comfortable, especially with heating function, which can switch three gears as needed. In addition, the space in the second row is spacious and comfortable, the reclining angle of the seat is adjustable, the floor is flat, and the space under the feet of the middle passengers will not be restricted. Although the middle seat is somewhat stiff, it does not affect the overall riding experience. In short, the appearance, interior and comfort of Cadillac XT5 have been highly praised by car owners, and I believe it will become the first choice of more consumers.

Middle-aged people tend to be more interested in sedate models. The atmospheric design and exquisite interior are the characteristics of such models, which are excellent choices for going to work or picking up children. The song L DM-i we are talking about today. Let’s take a good look at it.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of Song L DM-i first. The front face of Song L DM-i looks very dynamic and lively, and it looks very round. At the same time, the headlight presents an elegant design style and the visual effect is good. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car, the body size of the car is 4780MM*1898MM*1670MM. The car adopts young lines, and the side wall feels very sporty. With large-sized thick-walled tires, smooth lines run through the whole side of the car. Looking back, the rear of the car echoes the front face, and the taillight style is more elegant, creating a good gas field.

Coming into the car, the interior of Song L DM-i enhances the visual coolness, which makes people feel very cool. The steering wheel of the car is very unique in shape, made of leather, and everything looks very tough. Let’s take a look at the central control, with a 15.6-inch central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive. The overall design of the central control is very good. Let Xiaobian introduce the dashboard and seats. The dashboard of this car presents a simple design style and looks very solid. The car uses leather seats, equipped with functions such as electric adjustment of auxiliary seats, electric adjustment of seats, and seat proportion tilting, and the overall comfort and wrapping are not bad.

Song L DM-i’s back row space is still spacious, and there is a certain margin in the head and legs, which can be said to be more than enough for daily use. In addition, the car is equipped with fatigue warning, anti-lock braking (ABS), LED daytime running lights, brake assist (EBA/BAS, etc.), brake force distribution (EBD) main driver airbag, co-pilot airbag, side airbag curtain, front side airbag and other safety configurations.

Summary of the full text: This car has been introduced almost before, and I believe many users who buy a car have taken a fancy to its comfort and practicality.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account "national business daily".

Recently, social media such as friends circle were screened by a short film "Wukong".

The film tells the story that the hero, a little boy, loves the Monkey King since he was a child and wants to go to the cinema in the city to see "Make a scene in Heaven". The core of the film focuses on the juvenile spirit of "I don’t know much about heaven".

N+ Finance understands that although this short film did not directly reveal too much information about Huawei itself, it still caused a lot of interpretations, which is undoubtedly the expectation of HarmonyOS system and even Huawei.

Image source: Every photo by reporter Liu Ling

On May 21st, Yu Chengdong, CEO of Huawei’s consumer business, revealed:"As soon as this fall, at the latest next spring, Huawei’s own OS will probably be available.. "

In fact, the domestic mobile operating system has been tried by many manufacturers before. The giants include Baidu (BIDU.US) cloud OS and Tencent (00700)TOS, and the entrepreneurial team once had a little heart OS and Le Frog OS. And the most brilliant achievement belongs to Ali:

At the end of 2015,BABA.US) YunOS surpassed WP to become the third largest mobile operating system in China with a market share of 7.1%., second only to Android and iOS.

Now, times have changed, and Huawei HarmonyOS, burdened with the expectations of Chinese people, can make a scene like Wukong mentioned in the promotional film and fight its way out in the rivers and lakes of the mobile phone operating system?

In the short film Wukong, the little boy, obsessed with the Monkey King, is bent on going to see the Monkey King’s movie in the big city where "there is only one way to go over the back mountain and two more mountains, and it takes one night by car". He goes out alone, encounters a series of "adventures" and finally arrives at his destination in rags.

Some netizens commented that the spirit of the little boy and the spirit of Wukong are in the same strain, and the shadow can also be seen in Huawei.

Huawei officially released the film on May 23rd.

At the same time, Huawei announced that its "spare tire" had turned positive, and its self-developed Hisilicon chip and self-developed operating system "HarmonyOS" attracted much attention. This short film also triggered speculation about HarmonyOS system.

Huawei rarely makes statements to confirm or completely deny the rumors of HarmonyOS system. Ren Zhengfei, founder of Huawei, said in an interview with national business daily on May 21st:

“We can do the operating system, but it is not necessarily a substitute for others.Because we also need it in artificial intelligence and the Internet of Everything, but I don’t know exactly which ones are used and which ones aren’t. "

At the same time, he did not disclose whether HarmonyOS has been used in a small scale within Huawei.

Compared with Huawei’s low profile, "HarmonyOS" system keeps making new progress. On May 24th,The website of China National Intellectual Property Administration Trademark Office shows that Huawei has applied for the "Huawei HarmonyOS" trademark.. The application date is August 24, 2018, the registration announcement date is May 14, 2019, and the exclusive permission period is from May 14, 2019 to May 13, 2029.

Then, on May 29th, it was reported that a few days ago, Huawei submitted a trademark application for "HUAWEI ARK OS" to the European Intellectual Property Office, and "ARK" means "Ark" in English.

At the beginning of June, it was reported from the media that Huawei has started to test the mobile phones that will be equipped with HarmonyOS system, and the number of mobile phones in the test stage has reached one million. At the same time, Huawei also released the interface picture of HarmonyOS system, which is very similar to the current Huawei EMUI. The function arrangement, status bar, font layout and key color matching are almost identical.

On June 3rd, Huawei told N+ Finance that "we haven’t heard of it at all, so we can’t comment" on the rumor of testing HarmonyOS system on 1 million mobile phones.

It is understood that Huawei has been planning its own operating system "HarmonyOS" since 2012, aiming to become a substitute for Google’s Android system.

As for HarmonyOS, it is reported that the operating system has been greatly optimized for Linux (open source) and has been used in Huawei mobile phones (security part).

Combined with such news, Huawei’s HarmonyOS system comes to the fore. Tim Watkins, vice president of Huawei’s Western European market, has previously confirmed to the media that Huawei has been developing an operating system and will launch it soon.

Operating system is the soul of smart phone. As far as the current market is concerned, operating systems are mainly divided into two schools.They are Apple’s iOS system and Google’s Android system, which have a market share of 99%.

Since Apple’s iOS system is only for its own use and not open to other mobile phone manufacturers, Android system has become the only choice for many mobile phone manufacturers in China. Huawei’s EMUI system, Xiaomi’s MIUI system and vivo’s Fun touch OS system are all deeply developed based on Android system.

Wei Yongming, CEO of Feiman Software, wrote an article in 2012, "Why does Huawei Alibaba have to engage in an" independent "operating system? What is the soul of the operating system? ",the article said that taking Android as an example, the operating system open source license constraint is very loose, but:

"Google has certainly accumulated a large number of patents in the process of developing Android, especially Dalvik virtual machine and Java class library, and these patents are above the copyright and license of the software. In other words, if you derive a branch from the existing Android,If you want to sell the software running this derivative version of Android on your mobile phone, Google can immediately take out a patent stick to limit you."

According to Yu Chengdong’s description of HarmonyOS system, all Huawei mobile phones will be equipped with self-developed OS system in the future.Huawei’s self-developed operating system has opened up electronic devices such as mobile phones, computers, cars and tablets, and has been able to support a new software ecosystem for Huawei.

However, at present, the operating system has been occupied by Android and iOS. In order to occupy a place in Huawei’s HarmonyOS system, the first thing to be solved is the problem of software compatibility. After all, no company will adapt software for a system that is not used by many people.

In the research report "From Operating System to Chip-Counting is still stuck in the neck field (I)" released by China Merchants Securities in August 2018, it is pointed out that compared with foreign countries, the technical development of operating system is not a difficulty, nor is it a core factor restricting the development of domestic operating systems.

"The main reason why it can’t occupy a place in the market is that the domestic operating system lacks the ecological environment for high-quality applications."

At present, there are some doubts about the expansion of Huawei’s HarmonyOS system. Before Huawei’s "HarmonyOS", other domestic manufacturers tried to develop their own operating systems, but they didn’t really grow up in the end.

For example, Alibaba Yun OS once occupied 7% of the domestic mobile phone operating system market share from 2014 to 2015, which was also the "peak moment" of the domestic mobile phone system, but then the market share declined rapidly.

Yesterday, Xiang Ligang, the founder of Feixiang.com, expressed another view to N+ Finance. In his view,Huawei has shipped 200 million mobile phones this year, and Apple also has 200 million mobile phones. "Apple’s ecology can be done. Why can’t Huawei be an ecology?"

He said that the outside world’s doubts about Huawei HarmonyOS are mainly at two levels. First, many operating systems, including Windows, have not been done; Second, many people may not develop applications for Huawei systems.

Xiang Ligang said that Windows appeared earlier than Android, and then Android overtook it. The reason why it is not done well is becauseWindows is unfriendly to developers, with poor interface experience and poor interaction ability.

"Windows also charges mobile phone manufacturers, and of course it doesn’t do well. Huawei certainly does not have the problem of charging for its own use.Huawei’s understanding of the operating system has been very profound. And made a new compiler, which is compatible with Android applications.So it’s easy to build HarmonyOS, and I don’t think there is any problem. "

"Many people may not support Huawei’s application.But if Huawei sells hundreds of millions of mobile phones a year, why not apply it?If these applications are very difficult to do, then the current applications are Android, and they can be compatible by running the compiler once. "Xiang Ligang said.

Sun yanbiao, dean of the first mobile phone research institute, believes that the operating system mainly depends on the construction of ecology, and it takes time to build ecology. It took Apple four or five years to build its own ecology, and Android also took four or five years.Under the existing operating system, it will take two to three years for HarmonyOS to do it, and this time is inevitable.

"Why should Internet APP developers develop corresponding apps? This needs to be based on a large user base. What the new ecology often lacks most is the user group. Only by having a large user group can we make a profit, which is essentially a problem of Internet effect. In addition, the ecology that Huawei HarmonyOS needs to build is not only China, but also overseas, so it takes time. "

Sun Yanbiao emphasized that Huawei’s HarmonyOS system could not build a strong ecosystem in a short time, and the construction of this ecosystem was a slow process. "At that time, when Android was going to be an ecosystem, almost all mobile phones except Apple used Android’s operating system, but even in this case, it took almost four years for Android to sprout to rival Apple’s operating system."

Xiang Ligang also told reporters that after the release of the HarmonyOS system, it will change the market structure of global operating systems. HarmonyOS system appears after Android and Windows, and its understanding of operating systems is definitely deeper than that of Android.

"Huawei itself said that if you run it with a compiler, you can improve the efficiency by 60%. Android needs a virtualizer, and it doesn’t start the compiler from the bottom at all, while the HarmonyOS system starts compiling from the bottom, and the efficiency is definitely better than Android. " Xiang Ligang said.

In addition to Huawei, new news has also come from the operating system field.

On May 25th, the media revealed that KaiOS Technologies, the manufacturer of the third largest mobile phone operating system in the world, had received a $50 million financing in Series B..

In addition, ZTE is also developing a mobile phone operating system based on independent intellectual property rights. The industry believes that the operating system may show a diversified trend and is expected to usher in a new round of competition.

The latest news is that on May 31st, it was reported that Mate 20 Pro, which was previously removed by Google, was back, and it continued to support the latest Android Q Beta.

Earlier, Google’s parent company Alphabet announced that it would stop some cooperation with Huawei and erase the name of Huawei Mate 20 Pro on the Android Q Beta page.

　　The essence of the reform of registration system is to hand over the right of choice to the market, strengthen market constraints and rule of law constraints, and improve the convenience of investment and financing. With the end of the 2022 annual report disclosure season, a number of listed companies will withdraw from the A-share market. According to incomplete statistics, since the beginning of this year, the number of A-share delisted companies has reached more than 30.

　　Insiders pointed out that the delisting system is an important supporting institutional arrangement for the implementation of the registration system. The regulatory authorities will further improve the delisting mechanism, improve the delisting standards and simplify the delisting process, which will help to create a good A-share market ecology under the comprehensive registration system, better protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors and provide a stage for the high-quality development of more high-quality enterprises.

　　Metabolism and delisting efficiency are improved.

　　At the end of 2020, in order to implement the Implementation Plan for Improving the delisting mechanism of listed companies, which was decided and deployed by the 16th meeting of the Central Committee for Deep Reform, the relevant departments formulated and formed four types of mandatory delisting indicators, such as trading, finance, regulation and major violations, and incorporated them into the new delisting rules. Nowadays, the delisting system is constantly playing the role of market "purifier".

　　According to the information released by Shanghai Stock Exchange, since the beginning of this year, 12 companies on the main board of Shanghai Stock Exchange have been locked out of listing, and 17 companies have been warned of delisting risks. The diversified delisting system has shown its power, delisting has gradually become normal, and the mechanism of survival of the fittest has become more stable.

　　According to the data of Shenzhen Stock Exchange, in 2022, a total of 24 companies in Shenzhen were forced to delist, and the number of delisted companies was close to the sum of the past three years. As of April 30, 2023, Shenzhen identified 20 delisting companies, the number of which was basically the same as that of the previous year, and the normalized delisting mechanism operated in an orderly manner.

　　So, what kind of companies will withdraw from the A-share market?

　　Some are difficult to win the favor of investors. Not long ago, the daily closing price of *ST Xiyuan shares for 20 consecutive trading days was lower than that of RMB 1 yuan, which touched the conditions for termination of listing. Behind the delisting of transactions is the deterioration of business conditions. Relevant reports show that *ST Xiyuan’s main business is missing, its operation is stagnant, its net assets are negative, its large debts are unable to repay, its major assets and subsidiaries’ equity are frozen by the judiciary, and there are many major uncertainties related to going concern.

　　Some information disclosure does not conform to the norms. In the audit report issued for the future of *ST, Asia Pacific (Group) Certified Public Accountants (special general partnership) said frankly: "We can’t obtain the upstream and downstream penetration data of customers and suppliers related to coal trade, the entry and exit data and logistics data of original suppliers and end users, and we can’t verify the authenticity and accuracy of income, and we can’t verify the authenticity, accuracy and recoverability of accounts receivable generated by coal trade. Due to the above restrictions on the audit scope, we failed to implement the necessary audit procedures to obtain sufficient and appropriate evidence for expressing opinions. "

　　Some of the main business income is lower than the listing requirements. *ST Shennan disclosed in the announcement that the company’s net profit before and after deducting non-recurring gains and losses in 2021 was negative, and the operating income after deducting business income unrelated to the main business and income without commercial substance was less than 100 million yuan. In 2022, the company’s audited net profit was negative and its operating income was less than 100 million yuan. This situation touches on the relevant provisions of the listing rules of Shenzhen Stock Exchange on the termination of listing.

　　There are also false records in the annual reports of listed companies for many years, and the actual controller was investigated by the Securities and Futures Commission for alleged information disclosure violations. These triggered the relevant provisions of "mandatory delisting for major violations".

　　"The delisting system is an important basic system of the capital market. Under the background of comprehensive registration system, timely realize the ‘ Jin ’ ‘ with the problem enterprise; Back ’ It is conducive to shaping a healthy and upward capital market atmosphere and better protecting the rights and interests of investors. " Ceng Gang, director of Shanghai Finance and Development Laboratory, told this reporter.

　　Serve entities and save financing resources.

　　Economic activity is a dynamic cycle process, and realizing a virtuous cycle of savings and investment is the most basic and important part. The data shows that from 2017 to 2021, the initial public offering (IPO) and refinancing amount totaled 5.2 trillion yuan, providing efficient financial support for strategic emerging industries and a large number of high-quality enterprises.

　　— — The delisting system plays a better role and can form a positive guide to the market.

　　According to Wang Yi, chief strategy researcher of Huatai Securities Research Institute, since the implementation of the new delisting rules, A shares have gradually formed a diversified delisting mechanism and played a role as a "purifier". On the issuing side, the new regulations have successfully cracked down on the malicious behavior of shell companies to avoid delisting through stricter financial audit. At the same time, the period from identification to delisting of shell companies will be shortened to two fiscal years to speed up the liquidation of problem companies. On the investment side, under the clear expectation of "all should be retired", the speculative mentality of companies with small market value and poor performance has been effectively curbed, and the risk events of listed companies have been paid more attention to, and the investment concept has become more mature.

　　"Relevant data show that since the implementation of the new round of delisting reform on December 31, 2020, the pace of delisting has obviously accelerated. In 2021, 17 companies were forced to withdraw from the market, and in 2022, 42 companies were forced to withdraw from the market. The number of delisting companies in these two years accounted for 40% of the total number of delisting companies in the past 30 years." Wang Yi told this reporter that the withdrawal of problem companies means that more funds will be invested in high-quality companies, and the rate of return on irrational investment will be further reduced, which is conducive to guiding the whole market to form the concept of value investment.

　　— — The delisting system plays a better role and can allocate financial resources efficiently.

　　Zhao Xijun, co-dean of China Capital Market Research Institute of Renmin University of China, said in an interview with this reporter that delisting companies generally have problems such as poor operating conditions, false financial data, and doubtful ability to continue operations.

　　Zhao Xijun believes that the comprehensive registration system has opened the door to accelerated development for more high-quality enterprises. The timely withdrawal of "sick" enterprises from the capital market will play a warning role for the whole market, so that listed and unlisted enterprises can strengthen their awareness of legal compliance and dispel the lucky psychology of "circling money on the market" and "getting something for nothing", thus purifying the market ecology and improving the overall quality of listed companies. Not only that, the delisting system will play the role of "purifier", and it will also enable enterprises that really do business in a down-to-earth manner to obtain a good direct financing environment, thus driving the development of the industry and even the upstream and downstream industries, and realizing the ultimate goal of the capital market to better serve the high-quality development of the real economy.

　　"The delisting system, the issuance system, the trust system and the trading system together constitute the basic system of the capital market. To ensure the good operation of the delisting system is to better allocate valuable financial resources to the places that enterprises really need and promote them to create greater value. " Zhao Xijun said.

　　Support the superior and limit the inferior, and the supervision is not loose.

　　Promoting the high-quality development of listed companies is a complex systematic project and a long-term and arduous task. The CSRC stressed that it is necessary to adhere to the supervision orientation of supporting the superior and limiting the inferior, and further support the head enterprises with outstanding main business and strong competitiveness to become superior and strong, and play a leading role in demonstration; For those who unilaterally pursue diversified development, strictly supervise their mergers and acquisitions and financing behavior; For "shell" and "zombie" enterprises whose main business is shrinking and they do not have the ability to continue to operate, the compulsory delisting system will be strictly implemented and the liquidation will be resolutely promoted.

　　What are the new highlights and trends in the implementation of delisting system? The reporter interviewed Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange respectively.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Shanghai Stock Exchange, the Shanghai Stock Exchange has carefully formulated and implemented the Work Plan for Auditing the 2022 Annual Report of Venture Companies in Shanghai Stock Exchange, and promoted the supervision of venture companies in stages and with emphasis according to the principle of "moving forward, grasping early and grasping small". On the one hand, through supervision means such as inquiry, interview and on-site inspection, we will crack down on evading delisting; On the other hand, according to the regulations, we will push forward the major illegal delisting of companies such as *ST Amethyst and *ST Zeda as soon as possible, and implement investor protection measures.

　　"Under the background of the reform of the comprehensive registration system, the Shanghai Stock Exchange will continue to adhere to the main business of supervision and smooth the delisting of enterprises ‘ Exit ’ , and constantly improve the delisting risk identification, delisting risk warning, delisting disposal cooperation, delisting decision implementation, delisting business safety operation, delisting supervision and honest supervision and other major delisting mechanisms, and give full play to the joint efforts of supervision to ensure ‘ Retreat, retreat steadily ’ . At the same time, establish a sound evaluation mechanism for delisting system, regularly summarize and evaluate the implementation of delisting indicators, continuously improve the pertinence and effectiveness of delisting indicators, and promote the deepening of delisting system reform. " The person in charge said.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange said that in order to deal with the delisting risk steadily, the Shenzhen Stock Exchange found out the delisting risk base in advance, strengthened the delisting risk monitoring, kept a close eye on the key issues of key companies, and adopted various measures such as interviews and inquiries according to regulations, clarified the regulatory attitude, conveyed the regulatory guidance, and urged the "key minority" of the company and accountants to perform their duties diligently, return to their posts and fulfill their duties, and solidly promoted the delisting supervision work.

　　"At the beginning of January this year, Shenzhen Stock Exchange issued the Notice on Strengthening the Information Disclosure of the 2022 Annual Report of Delisting Risk Companies on the basis of summarizing the previous supervision experience of delisting and fully evaluating the implementation effect of the new delisting regulations. Focusing on the key issues such as operating income deduction, non-recurring gains and losses identification, audit opinion types and abnormal financial treatment, information disclosure is the starting point to urge companies with delisting risks to continue to make risk warnings, strengthen the disclosure of annual reports and audit progress, and guide the market to form reasonable expectations. At the same time, delisting decisions are made in strict accordance with delisting standards and procedures, and relief procedures such as hearing and review are provided. " The person in charge said that next, the Shenzhen Stock Exchange will continue to pay close attention to front-line supervision, maintain the normal order of the market, protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors, and promote the long-term healthy and stable development of the capital market.

　　Zhu Haibin, general manager of the research center of open source securities North Exchange, said that under the comprehensive registration system, listed companies need to continuously strengthen corporate governance, and companies to be listed should improve the quality of information disclosure. Enterprises that have been delisted should also reflect on it in time, do a good job in information disclosure in the delisting sector and seek positive changes in their main business. At the same time, securities companies, accounting firms, law firms and other intermediaries should also perform their respective duties, give full play to their respective professional advantages, and undertake the responsibility of checking and supervising the relevant listed entities, so that the capital market can truly form a virtuous circle of survival of the fittest. (Wang Junling)

Geely’s 2025 Xingyue L Dongfang Yao will be launched on October 27th. The new car is suspected to be exposed, and both models are equipped with 2.0T high-power engines. According to the sales, the pre-sale of the two-wheel drive version is 158,000, and the pre-sale of the four-wheel drive version is 168,000.

The 2025 Xingyue L is equipped with a new style straight waterfall grille+silver brand LOGO, adding a white interior, canceling the physical buttons below the central control screen, and moving the wireless charging board to the front of the armrest box; Upgrade headrest audio, seat massage, two-row electric seats, CDC variable damping suspension.

The 2025 Xingyue L is equipped with a 2.0T high-power engine, with a maximum power of 175kW and a peak torque of 350N·m, matching an 8-speed automatic manual transmission. The comprehensive fuel consumption per 100 kilometers of two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive models is 7.79L and 8.59L respectively.

Chery Fengyun T9 is about to open for pre-sale on April 18th. With its plug-in hybrid system, avant-garde design and luxurious interior configuration, this medium-sized SUV has attracted the attention of many consumers.

In terms of appearance design, Chery Fengyun T9 cancels the traditional net design and adopts a full-bodied closed front grille with semi-circular chrome decoration, creating a strong sense of future science and technology. Vents arranged vertically on both sides and narrow and sharp headlights make the front face tougher and give people a strong visual impact.

On the side of the car body, the new car adopts a two-color design, the color of the roof and the car body is different, and at the same time, it is equipped with a retractable hidden door handle, showing a sense of fashion. The style of large-size rims is similar to that of Tiggo 9, which further enhances the sporty atmosphere of the whole vehicle.

In the rear part, the new car is equipped with a spoiler, and a through taillight group design is adopted, and the Chery LOGO is placed in the center to show the brand identity. The rear enclosure creates a hidden exhaust effect with rich lines, which makes the whole vehicle more spacious visually.

Entering the car, the interior design of Chery Fengyun T9 is equally amazing. The blue-and-white color matching design with large-area wood grain decoration not only shows the clean energy power, but also creates a warm and comfortable atmosphere. The dual screen design of the full LCD instrument connected with the central control multimedia display screen not only enhances the sense of science and technology, but also makes the driving information more intuitive and readable.

In terms of power, the new car is equipped with a full-scene intelligent four-wheel drive system and a C-DM plug-in hybrid system. The acceleration time of 0-100km/h is only 4.26 seconds, and the performance is strong. At the same time, the comprehensive cruising range of the new car exceeds 1400km, the pure electric cruising range can reach 165km, and the fuel consumption is only 4.2L/100km, showing excellent energy-saving performance.

In addition, Chery Fengyun T9 is equipped with many intelligent technology configurations, such as Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 chip, 5G Gigabit network, SONY audio system, etc., which provides drivers with a more convenient and comfortable driving experience.

a surname; short for Europe; luckyEurope is a close neighbor of the Middle East. Since the outbreak of the Arab Spring, European countries have generally paid more attention to the situation in the Middle East. As the spokesman of European countries’ political and diplomatic interests, the EU’s intervention and influence on the situation in the Middle East is obvious, and it has become an important external force affecting the development of the situation in the Middle East. Facing the derailed development of the situation in the Middle East, considering its own stability and security factors, the EU hopes to maintain stability and peace in the Middle East. In particular, the proliferation of terrorism and extremist forces in the Middle East poses a major threat to the political and security situation of the EU. The EU hopes to show its political and diplomatic influence by playing a role in Middle East affairs. The recent wave of refugees fleeing from the Middle East has brought great pressure to the EU countries, and it has become an urgent task for the EU to deal with the chaos in the Middle East. In the future, the EU’s Middle East policy will face great challenges.

The Middle East in EU’s Foreign Relations

Europe’s concern about conflicts and crises in the Middle East stems from historical, cultural and geopolitical factors of both sides. After the Madrid Middle East Peace Conference in 1991, Sweden, Norway, Britain, France and other European countries began to actively mediate the Arab-Israeli conflict. In 2000-2002, a serious conflict broke out between Israel and Palestine. Together with the United Nations, the United States and Russia, the European Union established the "four-party talks" mechanism on the Middle East issue, which played an important role in mediating the positions of both sides and coordinating the international community in mediating the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. During the international negotiations on the Iranian nuclear issue that have lasted for many years, the EU countries represented by France, Britain and Germany have become an important force in the international negotiations on the Iranian nuclear issue.

In recent years, the coordination and implementation capacity of the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy has been continuously improved, and it has played an important role in many international issues, especially in the Middle East. On December 12, 2003, the EU Summit held in Brussels, Belgium, adopted the "EU Security Strategy" document submitted by Javier Solana, the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy. According to this document, the EU has determined that "ten Mediterranean countries are the neighboring countries in the southern part of the Mediterranean", namely, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Israel, Palestine, Syria, Jordan, Libya, Egypt and Lebanon. [1] Among these ten countries, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt and Syria have happened to be the countries that have undergone great political changes in the Middle East since the end of 2010. It is not difficult to understand that the EU’s political, diplomatic and even military actions, such as intervention, mediation, mediation and pressure on these countries with turbulent political situation, are the embodiment of its practice of the Common Foreign and Security Policy.

The EU responds to the changes in the Middle East

And the actions and measures of the crisis

At the end of 2010, the political situation in Tunisia changed suddenly. With the development of the situation in Libya, Syria and Egypt, the European Union has intervened and interfered with the development of these countries in various forms, becoming an important external force affecting the development of the situation in the Middle East.

1. The EU and NATO led the use of force against Libya to overthrow the Qaddafi regime.

In the Libyan crisis in 2011 and the subsequent Libyan war, the EU and NATO played a leading role, while France became the most active EU country advocating the use of force against Libya. Shortly after the NATO-led military operation began, France took over the command of the Libyan war from the United States. France not only spared no effort to attack Libyan government forces militarily, but also reached out to Libyan opposition in politics, becoming the first country to reach out to Libyan political forces opposed to Gaddafi’s government. Soon, France took the lead in recognizing Libya’s "National Transitional Council". After the collapse of Gaddafi’s regime, French President Nicolas Sarkozy was also one of the first western leaders to visit Libya.

France’s position and attitude on Libya is closely related to France’s own strategy in North Africa and the Mediterranean region. France’s historical ties and complex with Libya and North Africa determined its "strong concern" for Libya and African affairs. At the same time, the political ambition and great power consciousness of then French President Nicolas Sarkozy greatly influenced France’s political adventure of taking the lead in overthrowing Gaddafi by military means. Of course, due to Gaddafi’s long-term anti-Western policy in the past, the EU took advantage of Libya’s political crisis to overthrow Gaddafi’s regime, which is beneficial to the EU’s political and security interests and to enhance the EU’s influence.

Second, the EU strongly supports the Syrian opposition and tries to overthrow Bashar? Assad regime

In the spring of 2011, demonstrations against the Bashar government broke out in Syria, and the domestic situation quickly became turbulent. In the following years, western countries, represented by the European Union, constantly urged the Syrian authorities to carry out reforms in line with public opinion. However, the development of the situation in Syria did not follow the direction hoped by the European Union and the outside world, but fell into a civil war, leading to rampant extremist forces.

In order to force Bashar to step down as soon as possible, the EU tried to adopt the "Libya model" to foster Syrian anti-government forces. On February 24, 2012, with the support of international organizations such as the European Union and the Arab League and some Arab countries, the first international conference of "Friends of the Syrian People" was held in Tunisia, attended by representatives from 70 countries including the United States, Britain and France. On the day of the meeting, British Foreign Secretary Haig said that Britain would formally recognize the Syrian National Committee, the largest opposition in Syria, as the legal representative of the country. In November 2012, French President Hollande announced that he recognized the "National Alliance" as "the sole legitimate representative of the Syrian people" and the "future government" of Syria. This means that France has become the first western country to formally and fully recognize Syria’s "National League". [2] But since then, the Syrian opposition has not formed an authoritative political organization supported by various forces. In June 2014, Bashar? In response to Assad’s re-election in the Syrian presidential election, the European Union issued a statement saying that this presidential election in Syria cannot be regarded as a "real democratic voting process". This gesture shows that although the EU is unwilling to accept Bashar to take charge of Syria again, it does not have an effective strategy to overthrow the Syrian regime as soon as possible.

3. The EU supports the changes in Egypt and pays attention to the prospects of domestic political development in Egypt.

In February 2011, popular demonstrations broke out in Egypt, and President Mubarak, who had been in power for many years, had to announce his resignation on February 11. The EU immediately issued a statement expressing its support for the smooth transition of the Egyptian regime. European Council President Van Rompuy, European Commission President Barroso and EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Ashton also issued a joint statement on the same day, welcoming Mubarak’s resignation.

After Mubarak stepped down, the situation in Egypt did not develop smoothly. In June 2012, the leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, Morsi, representing the religious conservative forces in Egypt, was elected as the president of Egypt, and the European Union recognized it after the Muslim Brotherhood won. After Mursi took office, he was once committed to improving relations with the West. In September 2012, President Morsi visited the EU headquarters and Italy respectively. In January 2013, European Council President Van Rompuy visited Egypt and said that the EU would provide Egypt with 5 billion euros in loan assistance. In the same month, President Morsi visited Germany. In April, Ashton, the EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Affairs, visited Egypt.

On July 3, 2013, the Egyptian military ousted the leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, Morsi, who had been in power for only one year. The EU reacted cautiously. On July 4th, Ashton, the EU’s foreign policy representative, said in a statement that the EU is very concerned about the development of Egypt and believes that there are profound differences in Egyptian society. In order to learn more about the development of the domestic situation in Egypt, Ashton went to Egypt on July 30, 2013 to meet with the imprisoned former Egyptian President Morsi, which was the first contact with the outside world after Morsi stepped down. In August, the EU announced an embargo on some military supplies to Egypt. In June 2014, Egypt held a general election, and former military leader Sethi won. The EU sent an observer mission to supervise the elections in Egypt. After the elections, the EU issued a statement and accepted the election results in Egypt. After Sethi came to power, the EU made many contacts with the Egyptian authorities on issues such as resuming assistance to Egypt and accelerating the domestic reform process in Egypt.

Fourth, the EU used political and economic sanctions to put pressure on Syria, Egypt and other countries.

On the Syrian issue, the EU is the first western power to impose sanctions on the Syrian government. In May 2011, the EU began to impose sanctions on the Bashar government. The EU foreign ministers’ meeting adopted a resolution on May 14th, 2012, and decided to expand the scope of sanctions against Syria. Since May 2011, the EU has imposed several rounds of sanctions on Syria, and a total of 43 Syrian enterprises and 128 individuals have been included in the sanctions list.

During the political turmoil in Egypt, the EU not only exerted political influence, but also considered using economic means such as sanctions to influence the development of the domestic situation in Egypt. The EU is Egypt’s most important economic partner. As early as 2001, the EU signed the Egypt-EU Partnership Agreement with Egypt. According to the agreement, all industrial products and some agricultural products exported from Egypt to Europe enjoy duty-free treatment. At the stage of the political crisis in Egypt, the EU thought of using the cancellation of preferential trade conditions with Egypt to put pressure on the Egyptian authorities. In July 2013, when the Egyptian military government overthrew the democratically elected Mursi government, the EU decided to suspend the export of weapons to Egypt, but the economic assistance to Egypt continued. After Sethi was elected President of Egypt, the EU decided to maintain its economic assistance to Egypt.

V. EU strengthens security and counter-terrorism measures to deal with the threat of "Islamic State"

In the EU’s foreign and security policy, combating terrorism and terrorist threats is an important content. The Middle East is a high-incidence place of global terrorism. Considering its own stability and security, the EU strongly supports the countries in the Middle East in their struggle against terrorism. However, due to the definition of terrorism and different views on some organizations engaged in anti-government activities, the EU and some countries in the Middle East also have some differences in the field of counter-terrorism.

In September 2014, US President Barack Obama announced the establishment of an international "anti-terrorism coalition". Most of the allied countries expressed political support for this move by the United States, but they were extremely cautious about sending troops to war. German Foreign Minister Steinmeier said that Germany will not participate in the US air strikes against Syria. However, Steinmeier believes that the military strike plan of the League of Nations against the Islamic State should be based on "political strategy". He also said that Germany is ready to provide weapons to Iraqi Kurdish armed forces.

Although the EU strictly guards against terrorist organizations and terrorists from the Middle East from going deep into EU countries to create terrorist incidents, the sporadic terrorist incidents in EU countries in recent years still show that the EU’s security concerns are not unreasonable. Especially after the rise of the "Islamic State" forces in the Middle East in 2014, it has great appeal to young people with extreme religious ideas in many European countries. Some European citizens with extreme ideas have defected to the "Islamic State" through various channels. According to a British study, the "foreign aid" that went to Syria to participate in the war came from at least 14 European countries. Among them, Britain, France and Germany participated in the largest number of people, and hundreds of people from each country participated in the war. In addition, there were many citizens from Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Austria and other countries. Once these people return to China, they will pose a serious threat to the security of some European countries. On January 7, 2015, a terrorist attack on Charlie Hebdo magazine occurred in Paris, France, killing and injuring more than 10 people. According to a preliminary investigation by the French police, the suspect once went to Yemen and other turbulent countries in the Middle East to fight. This incident is enough to show that the influence of terrorist organizations and terrorist ideas originating in the turbulent region of the Middle East on EU security cannot be ignored.

The EU’s response to the changes in the Middle East

Restricted factors and prospect analysis

No matter from the perspective of hIStorical ties or geopolitics, there is no reason for the EU to ignore the major political changes in the Middle East and countries. However, from dealing with the growing tide of refugees to how to combat the Islamic State (IS) forces, the EU is facing more and more challenges. The EU’s intervention in the situation in the Middle East, including its influence on the internal political process of some countries in the Middle East, is not only restricted by the EU’s ability and desire, but also influenced by the increasingly fierce competition pattern among major powers in the Middle East.

First, the refugee tide in the Middle East: the urgent task for the EU to deal with the chaos in the Middle East

As the EU is adjacent to the Middle East, a large number of refugees fleeing from countries in the Middle East turmoil all take European countries as their escape destinations. According to the estimation of Antonio Guterres, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, as of June 2015, there have been 11 million refugees since the outbreak of the Middle East crisis, including 7.5 million refugees in Syria. 4.5 million Syrian refugees have fled to neighboring countries such as Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey. Refugees from Libya, Syria and other countries have ventured to escape to European countries such as Italy by boat. So far, more than 2,000 people have been killed in the sea. In May 2015, the European Commission put forward a proposal that member States accept refugees according to quotas, but it was opposed by some countries. In August 2015, during the meeting, the leaders of France and Germany put forward a proposal to accelerate the establishment of a unified refugee policy in the European Union. In September, a 3-year-old boy in Syria was killed at sea, which triggered a big discussion among EU countries on their refugee policies. Governments such as France and Germany indicated that they would increase their efforts to accept refugees. On September 9th, European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker announced a refugee quota scheme: 22 member states of the European Union will share 120,000 refugees in Hungary, Greece and Italy, including 31,000 refugees in Germany, 24,000 in France and 15,000 in Spain. The plan was enforced after being discussed by EU interior ministers. However, EU countries have different attitudes towards accepting refugees. Germany is relatively active and is the EU country that has received the most refugees in recent years.Nordic countries such as Denmark are relatively negative. However, if the situation in Syria, Libya and other countries continues to deteriorate, a considerable number of millions of refugees currently stranded in Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey will still regard EU countries as refugee destinations, which will put pressure on the EU.

Second, the EU needs to strengthen cooperation with other big countries in the process of coping with the changes and crisis in the Middle East.

The turmoil in the Middle East has a great impact on the political and security interests of Europe, which makes the EU pay close attention to the development of the situation in the Middle East. However, as a supranational international actor, the effect of its foreign policy has great limitations. The EU’s role as an international actor in foreign and security policy continues to be a "dwarf" image, and the foreign and security policies of nation-states within the EU are still its dominant feature. [3] The biggest disadvantage of the EU in intervening and dealing with hot issues in the Middle East is that the EU’s diplomatic executive ability is "virtual", and its political diplomatic resolutions and initiatives are not binding on its member States. In the end, the foreign policy of the European Union needs to be recognized and implemented by various countries within it to achieve results. In addition, the EU needs better cooperation with the United States, Russia and other big countries to play its role. Therefore, on many major issues in the Middle East, the EU plays a more "follower" or "coordinator" role. Of course, once there is an opportunity, the EU will spare no effort to play its role. For example, during the implementation of a comprehensive agreement on Iran’s nuclear issue, the EU’s position and attitude are crucial on issues such as lifting economic and military sanctions against Iran.

Third, the ability and effect of EU intervention in Middle East affairs are subject to many factors.

Whether it is Libya or Syria, the EU’s influence on the long-term development of internal situations in these countries is limited. After Gaddafi’s downfall, the situation in Libya continued to be turbulent, and even there was a situation of warlordism and melee, and external forces such as the European Union could do nothing about it. Regarding the situation in Syria, although the major EU countries have long cut off official ties with Bashar regime, Bashar won the domestic election for re-election in June 2014, and the EU seems to have no other better way except not to recognize it. Especially in dealing with the extreme armed threat of the Islamic State, the EU is one of the 54 countries and organizations participating in the US-led "anti-terrorist coalition". However, the EU is particularly cautious about whether to send ground troops to participate in the war. None of the EU countries have clearly stated that they will consider sending ground troops to participate in the war in the future, which shows that the EU countries are mainly concerned with preventing terrorists from infiltrating into Europe and are unwilling to send troops to fight in Syria and Iraq.

In a word, out of consideration of its own political, economic and security interests, and in order to better show its political influence, the EU keeps close attention to the development of the situation in the Middle East, but its ability and effect of intervention and intervention are also limited. Among the external forces affecting the development of the situation in the Middle East, the EU is indispensable, and it still needs to cooperate with other countries and international organizations.

(The author is from China Academy of Social Sciences.Researcher of west asia and africa Institute)

(Source: Contemporary World)