China Youth Network, Qingdao, March 24th (Reporter Su Xiqiang) "Let the extras C debut". On March 23rd, the national group performance competition of Qingdao Oriental Film Capital and the project of "Group Performance Commune" was launched in Zhujiang College of South China Agricultural University.

　　Gao Yalin, Vice President of Actors Committee of China Federation of Radio, Film and Television Social Organizations, Xu Wenguang, Secretary-General Zhang Ge, actor Mars, actor Wan Guopeng, well-known host Han Bin, and Gong Junquan, Chairman of Zhujiang College of South China Agricultural University, and other guests were invited to sit on the audition site to help the group perform their dreams.

　　On the morning of the same day, at the audition site of Guangzhou Station of "Group Performance Commune", teachers, students, novel writers, ten-year walk-on players from all over the country showed their talents, singing, dancing, reciting or selecting video clips, from stage performance to costume modeling, they all made great efforts.

　　"I like watching movies and TV series since I was a child, but I don’t have a chance to play." Player 738 from the northeast said. He grasped the smart essence of Aidou, imitated KUN to play basketball, and burst into laughter at the scene. Subsequently, Judge Xu Wenguang gave an impromptu proposition of "Boyfriend Following Girlfriend". This player performed the double drama of spy lurking and family ethics. His lines are fluent and have a funny talent, and he was praised by Xu Wenguang.

　　Player No.735, who loves dubbing and yearns for acting, plays the roles of Mi Yue and Mi Shu in legend of miyue, showing the rivalry between sisters to the fullest and winning unanimous praise from the judges and teachers.

　　In view of the emotional and lines problems in the performance of the contestants, the judges all taught the performance skills without stint, emphasizing "really listening, really seeing and really feeling". Xu Wenguang and the contestants staged a dialect battle, which made the audience laugh. He pointed out that language is the first element of the actor’s own carrier, and acting must first express the language clearly.

　　After the auditions, Gao Yalin shared his acting experience with the contestants: "Acting is actually self-training, and it needs to express true feelings, and inner belief is particularly important. On the road of acting, there is no shortcut. Only by being down to earth can you realize your dreams. "

　　Xu Wenguang, an old opera player, believes that the inspiration for performance comes from life, and the enthusiasm and seriousness of the group performers deeply touched him. "The improvement of the level of young actors also indicates the development potential of film and television dramas and fully demonstrates our cultural consciousness."

　　With "I am a passerby", Wan Guopeng, a representative who grew up from a mass actor to a professional actor, said frankly that the road to chasing dreams is not easy. He encouraged the group performers to seize the opportunity of group auditions. "Love and persistence are the most important things."

　　During the activity, Gao Yalin, Xu Wenguang, Zhao Rui, Mars, Zhang Ge and Han Bin were specially invited by Zhujiang College of South China Agricultural University as visiting professors. "On the one hand, it is necessary for the school to continue to develop on the road of high-end, international and personalized running, and it is also conducive to the cultivation and incubation of performing talents." Gong Junquan said, "On the other hand, paying attention to extras requires the participation of the media, film and television bases, including our schools, to jointly help the development and growth of extras."

　　Du Cuihui, the representative of the organizer of the "Group Performance Commune" project and the head of the activity planning department of Qingdao Lingshan Bay Film and Television Bureau, said at the scene that he hoped that through the implementation of the "Group Performance Commune" project, the group performance groups would be guided, standardized and cared for, and their inspirational stories would be shared to establish a new trend in the film and television industry.

　　Zhao Rui, director of the program operation department of Shandong Satellite TV and producer of the "Group Performance Commune" project, said that a total of 35 contestants advanced to the semi-finals in this Guangzhou station sea election, and 2 contestants went through to the finals. Next, "Group Performance Commune" will hold an off-line audition and rematch in Beijing at the star base of Building C, No.6 Gaobeidian North Garden, Chaoyang District, Beijing on March 30th and 31st, with actor Lin Yongjian as the judge of the rematch. Performance lovers can also register online through the WeChat WeChat official account of Lingshan Bay Film and Television Bureau, the WeChat WeChat official account of Shandong Satellite TV and the Group Performance Commune in DingTalk.

　　It is reported that the eight finalists in the National Group Performance Competition of Group Performance Commune will participate in the recording of reality show, which will be broadcast simultaneously on Shandong Satellite TV and video platform in June 2019. The top eight contestants can also get the opportunity to perform two scripts provided by Xu Weibing, co-founder of the Chinese International Screenplay Festival, and be personally directed by actor Tang Guoqiang.

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Recently, Bali, Indonesia has been particularly lively, and it is rare for the leaders of the world’s major economies to reunite face to face here.

　　In today’s world, crises are superimposed and all countries have difficulties. Everyone’s urgency can also be seen from the intensive activities. During the G20 Summit, the participating countries arranged a number of bilateral and multilateral meetings. Communication, very frequent.

　　Among them, China’s leaders are particularly busy.

　　In addition to attending the G20 Summit, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader held bilateral meetings with leaders of many countries during the meeting.

　　In fact, the leaders of some countries, as soon as they landed in Indonesia, said in an interview that they would meet with China.

　　Why did the international community expect China’s voice so much? Master Tan found the answer from six details in the meeting.

　　Let’s take a look first. In Bali, which countries’ leaders met with China:

　　US President Biden

　　French President Macron

　　Dutch Prime Minister Rutte

　　South African President Ramaphosa

　　Australian Prime Minister Albanese

　　South Korean President Yin Xiyue

　　Senegalese President Salle

　　Argentine President Fernandez

　　Spanish Prime Minister Sanchez

　　Indonesian President Joko

　　Italian Prime Minister meloni

　　The Chairman of the Supreme Leader met with many foreign leaders here.

　　These countries are very representative. Geographically, it covers Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Oceania and Asia. From the distance, there are Argentina, the country farthest from China in the world, and South Korea, a neighboring country across the sea from China.

　　Judging from the development stage, there are the United States, the world’s largest economy, and Senegal, one of the least developed countries in the world. Each country has different development stages and faces different problems, and they all want to talk to China.

　　Why? The answer is hidden in the speech of the Chairman of the Supreme Leader at the G20 Summit.

　　The common development of all countries is the real development. World prosperity and stability cannot be based on the fact that the poor get poorer and the rich get richer. Every country wants to live a good life, and modernization is not the privilege of any country. The leading countries should sincerely help other countries develop and provide more global public goods. If a big country wants to be a big country, it should make every effort for global development.

　　In the face of the global economic development dilemma, if you want to break the situation, big countries have to take responsibility.

　　It is not easy to take responsibility. Take this G20 Summit as an example. In order to let countries discuss the critical problems of economic recovery, Indonesian media appealed to the leaders of the participating countries before the meeting, "Please don’t just quarrel when you come to Bali", and then directly named the G7 countries including the United States.

　　However, this effort was failed on the second day of the conference — — Some countries "pulled a small circle" to discuss the missile explosion in Poland, and pulled the topic to camp confrontation, which also affected the agenda of the G20 summit.

Leaders of G7 countries arranged an emergency meeting on missile explosion in Poland.

　　Enlarging regional issues by intensifying ideological confrontation, but avoiding talking about the common problems of the wider international community, is the behavior of some countries.

　　In contrast, China said this:

　　Food and energy security are the most urgent challenges in the field of global development.

　　We must resolutely oppose the politicization, instrumentalization and weaponization of food and energy issues, cancel unilateral sanctions and lift restrictions on related scientific and technological cooperation.

　　Everyone knows who he is talking about. Whether it is the most serious food and energy security problem or the most prominent inflation problem in the global economy, everyone knows who is the initiator.

　　China is concerned about the food crisis and has also provided a solution to this crisis.

　　Just a few days ago, an international forum on "Hybrid Rice Foreign Aid and World Food Security" was held. Since 1979, China’s hybrid rice has spread to nearly 70 countries on five continents, providing a Chinese solution to the food crisis for developing countries. The rice bowl is related to development and safety.

　　The world needs the attitude and voice to solve these problems.

　　Many countries met with China are developed countries.

　　What role should developed countries play in the current global issues? The Chairman of the Supreme Leader made it clear at the G20 Summit:

　　It is necessary to curb global inflation and resolve systemic economic and financial risks, especially in developed economies, to reduce the negative spillover effect of monetary policy adjustment and stabilize debt at a sustainable level.

　　Developed countries should bear great responsibility for many problems in the current world economy.

　　The negative spillover effect of monetary policy adjustment in developed countries triggered the crisis, but now, developed countries are facing the situation of "getting burned".

　　The inflation level of several developed countries in the G20 has mostly hit a new high in decades. In order to curb inflation, developed countries have started to raise interest rates substantially, which has triggered a global "interest rate hike".

　　As a result, the world economy has fallen into the most serious economic slowdown. However, in this context, it never rains but it pours.

　　The interest rate hike has caused the debt service cost of many countries to soar, which has also triggered the risk of debt crisis. The debt service burden of middle-income developing countries has been at the highest level in 30 years.

　　The world economy is facing the risk of recession, and everyone is having a hard time, with developing countries bearing the brunt. Crisis superposition, the supreme leader chairman put forward China’s solution:

　　IMF should speed up the process of lending special drawing rights to low-income countries. International financial institutions and commercial creditors, as the main creditors of developing countries, should participate in debt relief actions for developing countries.

　　In fact, as early as the G20 Summit in 2020, a preliminary initiative to alleviate the debt dilemma of low-income countries was formed, but developed countries were not active.

　　China, on the other hand, has implemented the largest amount of debt relief among G20 members, and the total amount of debt relief is the largest among G20 members, providing an important safety buffer for the global debt crisis.

　　The fundamental means to solve these problems is development.

　　However, developed countries have been experiencing low economic growth for many years. What these countries care about is "more cakes".

　　China, on the other hand, has been making a big cake. From 2013 to 2021, the average contribution rate of China to world economic growth was 38.6%, which exceeded the sum of the contribution rates of G7 countries.

　　Developed countries are not only unable to solve their own problems, but also unable to solve their own development problems.

　　China, which put forward the global development initiative, has become one of the few countries that can come up with solutions to development problems. Countries trapped in development will naturally look to China.

　　During the G20 summit, there was a bilateral meeting that was particularly worth talking about. That is the bilateral meeting between the leaders of China and South Korea. After three years, the leaders of China and South Korea met again.

Chinese and South Korean leaders meet

　　The regular press conference of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the 15th also specifically explained this bilateral meeting: this is the first official meeting between the two heads of state, which is of great significance.

　　South Korea is one of the few developed countries in Asia, and the topics discussed by China and South Korea are also very special. Master Tan noticed that there was such a word in the news released after the meeting — — High-tech manufacturing.

　　The significance of high-tech manufacturing to the Korean economy is particularly different. Shortly before this meeting, South Korea’s Ministry of Finance issued a warning that exports, as the main driving force of South Korea’s economy, were in a downturn. Under this background, South Korea’s economic growth may slow down.

　　The semiconductor industry accounts for nearly 20% of South Korea’s total exports. In July this year, South Korea’s chip exports fell by 22.7%, the first decline in the past three years.

　　The most direct reason is American policy — — The Chip and Science Act of the United States wooed Korean companies to set up factories in the United States through subsidies, with the intention of "hollowing out" the Korean chip industry.

　　Not only that, the United States also set up a "four-way alliance for chips", asking South Korea and other allies to follow its export restrictions to China, with the intention of forcing South Korea to decouple from China in the chip industry chain. China is the largest chip market in South Korea. According to the survey data, South Korea’s chip exports to China have increased nearly 13 times in the past 20 years.

　　The United States suppressed South Korea’s chip manufacturing capacity on the one hand and stuck South Korea’s chip exports on the other. This kind of behavior of artificially cutting off the supply chain of the industrial chain has also put great pressure on the Korean economy.

　　How to solve the problem of industrial chain supply chain is one of the most talked-about questions by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader on various occasions in G20. At the G20 Summit, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader said this:

　　Countries should respect each other, seek common ground while reserving differences, coexist peacefully, promote the construction of an open world economy, and should not beggar their neighbors and build a "small courtyard and high wall""Engage in a closed and exclusive "small circle."

　　Who is beggar-thy-neighbour? Who is building a "small courtyard high wall"? Everyone knows it. How to choose, in the face of the President of South Korea, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader made it very clear:

　　Jointly safeguard the international free trade system, ensure the safety, stability and smoothness of the global industrial chain supply chain, and oppose the politicization and pan-security of economic cooperation.

　　Similar expressions also appeared in the exchanges between Chinese and Dutch leaders.

　　The Chairman of the Supreme Leader mentioned that China and the Netherlands should oppose the politicization of economic and trade issues and maintain the stability of the global industrial chain supply chain. Dutch Prime Minister Ruyt also expressed his willingness to expand dialogue and cooperation with China in areas such as innovation.

　　The Netherlands is also an important link in the global chip industry chain — — Mask aligner giant ASML (ASML) is a Dutch company. Earlier, the United States also blocked the mask aligner deal between the Netherlands and China.

　　Whether countries choose to decouple or connect, the exchange of leaders is the best response.

　　The meeting between Chinese and Australian leaders at G20 was six years later.

Australian Prime Minister Albanese arrived in Bali on November 14th and was interviewed by the media at the airport.

　　As soon as the plane landed, Australian Prime Minister Albanese released the idea of meeting China’s leaders to the media all over the world. Look at three sentences mentioned by Albanese to the media:

　　With goodwill

　　No preconditions.

　　Looking forward to constructive dialogue.

　　These three sentences have touched the root of the problems in China-Australia relations in recent years.

　　China-Australia relations have long been at the forefront of China’s relations with developed countries. The problem appeared after Australia stopped taking the road of independent development and actively or passively joined the "small circle".

　　The "Quad(Quadrilateral Security Dialogue)" mechanism of the United States, Japan, India and Australia, the trilateral security partnership between the United States, Britain and Australia, and the "2+2" talks between the United States and Australia, one after another, each has Australia. Jumping up and down around China, it is the cooperation between the two countries that suffers, and it is yourself that suffers.

　　In the past two years, many Australian officials have called on China to communicate with China, but China didn’t answer the phone. This time, we finally had an opportunity to meet, and Australian officials kept releasing signals to improve relations with China before departure.

　　This bilateral meeting, which Australia has been waiting for for six years, is 12 minutes longer than originally planned. China has felt the sincerity of the Australian side. During the meeting, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader said:

　　China attaches importance to Australia’s recent willingness to improve and develop bilateral relations.

　　Chairman of the Supreme Leader also mentioned:

　　There has never been a fundamental conflict of interest between China and Australia. Some are the traditional friendship between the two peoples and the highly complementary economic structure, and some are the common demands of safeguarding the purposes and principles of the UN Charter.

　　As both important countries in the Asia-Pacific region, China and Australia should improve, maintain and develop bilateral relations, which is not only in the fundamental interests of the two peoples, but also conducive to promoting peace and development in the Asia-Pacific region and the world.

　　Two sentences, two meanings.

　　On the first floor, China is a big market and a major trading partner of more than 140 countries and regions. At this time of global economic difficulties, everyone wants to cooperate with China precisely because of complementarity.

　　The second layer, Australia, is an "important" country, but the key is whether to take the road of its own development independently to unite and cooperate, or to follow others’ footsteps to confront competition step by step.

　　Just as the Chairman of the Supreme Leader quoted an Indonesian proverb: "Sugarcane grows in the same hole and citronella grows in clusters".

　　Whether separatist confrontation can go on or not has been proved by practical actions in Australia.

　　China has always shared the same fate and development with developing countries. Among the developing China countries that met with China, one was very special — — Senegal.

China-Serbia leaders meet

　　When communicating with the Chairman of the Supreme Leader, Senegalese President Salle expressed his gratitude:

　　Thank China for its valuable help to Serbia and African countries, and for being the first to publicly support the AU’s initiative to join the G20.

　　The reason is that in his speech at the G20 Summit, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader proposed to the participating members:China supports the African Union’s accession to the G20.

　　Senegalese President Salle is the current rotating chairman of the African Union. The African region is an unbalanced point that global governance urgently needs to break through.

　　As a whole, Africa is the eighth largest economy in the world, but Africa still lacks the right to speak in the world economy. In the G20, Africa has only one representative, South Africa.

　　What’s more, as one of the most vulnerable economies, countries in Africa are also the forefront of the impact of the world economic situation. At present, these countries are facing the dual dilemma of weak development foundation and repression by the United States and Western countries.

　　Take Senegal itself.

　　Not long ago, Senegal discovered a new oil and gas field and plans to exploit it next year — — These resources will provide new impetus for Senegal’s economic development.

　　Some western media have smeared it as "a suffocating new pollution source that causes global warming".

　　At the same time, at the United Nations Climate Change Conference being held this year, developed countries are still evading relevant responsibilities — — More than a decade ago, developed countries promised to provide at least $100 billion a year to help developing countries cope with climate change. Today, this fund has not been fully fulfilled.

　　This year, the President of Senegal attended the G20 Summit, and part of his appeal was to hold developed countries accountable for their commitments.

　　At the beginning of the meeting between China and Serbia, the consensus was that the two sides should go hand in hand on the road of development and revitalization. As a pioneer of economic transformation and upgrading in developing countries, China’s experience sharing in industrialization is a feasible and credible reference and help for Senegal.

　　Seen from the framework of G20, G20 has completed self-innovation by absorbing and developing China countries.

　　During the two financial crises in 1990s and 2008, G20 successively established a meeting mechanism of finance ministers and central bank governors and a summit mechanism of leaders, which included the growing emerging economies in the governance map of the global economy. In 2016, China, as the presidency, listed the "digital economy" in the G20′ s blueprint for innovative growth for the first time, giving an important plan for global economic recovery.

　　As the largest developing country, China is not only providing development samples for other developing countries, but also helping them to expand their discourse space in global governance.

　　The G20 Summit is coming to an end, and the Chairman of the Supreme Leader held talks with Indonesian Prime Minister Joko.

　　Before the talks, the Supreme Leader and Zoco first watched the Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway test run together by video. This project will shorten the travel time from Jakarta to Bandung from more than three hours to 40 minutes.

The trial operation of Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway, which was jointly built by China and Indonesia, was a complete success.

　　Because of Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway, Indonesia has also become the first ASEAN country with high-speed rail. The "first one" is worthy of pride, but it is also embarrassing.

　　Like most developing countries and least developed countries, Indonesia has experienced western colonial rule, but the first industrialized western countries have never helped these developing countries build a modern railway.

　　It’s not that the West has not helped other countries, such as Argentina. However, developing countries such as Argentina have to sell their national resources or be forced to privatize their national pillar industries when receiving assistance from western countries, and they are infiltrated and controlled by the aid countries. On the contrary, there are many lessons from the past that seriously weaken the country’s industrialization ability.

　　When the "leading" developed countries can’t provide new public goods for the world, the "Belt and Road Initiative" is exactly what China provides to the world.

　　Argentina, whose development was once in the forefront of the world, has now become a representative who is difficult to get out of the development dilemma. The solution that Argentina is looking for is also the "Belt and Road".

　　At the G20 Summit, Argentine President Fernandez was hospitalized for health problems, but he still insisted on meeting with the Chairman of the Supreme Leader.

　　Shortly before meeting with the Chairman of the Supreme Leader, he personally discussed railway and highway construction projects in several provinces of Argentina with China Railway International Group Co., Ltd.

　　In cooperation with China’s Belt and Road Initiative, products from Argentina’s grain-producing areas, known as the "granary of the world", can be transported to coastal ports for export by low-cost railway, thus reviving the price advantage in international competition, which will improve Argentina’s trade structure and bring more foreign exchange income. This is a real solid step for Argentina, which has repeatedly faced sovereign debt problems, to get out of the "vicious circle" of debt default, international financing difficulties and stagnant development.

　　For any country, the core concern is still development.

　　China’s thinking to solve the development problem lies not only in the immediate benefits, but also in providing public goods to help other countries truly acquire long-term development capabilities.

　　Next year will be the tenth anniversary of the "Belt and Road Initiative", and there will be more and more common witnesses to the world significance of China’s program.

　　At the G20 Summit, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader once again asked the question of "What’s wrong with the world? What shall we do?".

　　This is a problem that every country has to face in this era.

　　China, has given his own answer.

　　The road is wide, and it can be controlled.

　　And what people want, the road can be achieved.

CCTV News:The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China（CPC） opened in Beijing on 16th. Many overseas Chinese and overseas students said that they were encouraged by the report made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, and they had a deep understanding of the development and influence of China in the past ten years.

Wang Dianqi, President of Canadian China (Friendship) Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification:The wonderful and exciting Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, is the clarion call for the new journey of the Party and the country, and scientifically and clearly plans the objectives, tasks and major policies for the development of the cause of the Party and the country in the next five years or even longer.

South African Chinese Huang Yongjie:This conference is a milestone event. We overseas Chinese have personally experienced the great changes in China in the new era and ten years. China’s economic strength and international influence have been continuously enhanced. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the living standards of China people have been continuously improved, which has also promoted the development of more other countries in the world and benefited the local people. We overseas Chinese also have a deep understanding of this.

Zheng Zhaoyu, a student at Century University in Malaysia:The grand occasion of The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China（CPC） has greatly inspired our overseas students, and the spirit of "the community of human destiny" put forward by the Supreme Leader General Secretary has also made me feel more deeply the mind and responsibility of the motherland as a responsible big country.

Zhong Lei, Chairman of the Russian Students’ Association in China:The students are sincerely proud of the historic great achievements made by the party and the country in the new era, and are more eager to return to China as soon as possible and contribute to the party and the country.

　　"New Era China Research Bank Yangtze River"

　　Yangtze river trip: from the source of the three rivers to the estuary

　　From June 15 to July 29, the "Yangtze River Tour" team of "Investigation Tour of China in the New Era" walked down the Yangtze River from Tanggula Mountain Town in Sanjiangyuan District to the mouth of the Yangtze River, focusing on the historical achievements in the economic and social development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the turning changes in the ecological protection of the Yangtze River basin in a marching way, showing the vivid practice of high-quality development in the new era.

　　We use drones, crossing machines and cameras to "cross the Yangtze River" and record the beautiful scenery and ecological construction achievements of Dameijiangyuan, colorful Jiangwan, green Yibin, Junxiu Three Gorges, meteorological rivers and lakes and magnificent estuaries.

　　We met face to face with the researchers along the Yangtze River, and witnessed the "Yangtze River of Science and Technology" through their stories: some of them guarded the "Yangtze Elves" such as Tibetan antelope, Yangtze sturgeon and finless porpoise, some monitored the subtle changes of Yulong Snow Mountain and Dongting Lake wetland, and some tracked the phantom of the universe in underground laboratories — — Dark matter, some of which travel to and from Hefei and Shanghai, promotes the rapid development of quantum technology in China … …

　　This micro-documentary reviews the interviews that lasted for more than one month and traveled to Wan Li with a drop of nearly 5,000 meters.

　　Planning: Zheng Wei, Lan Hongguang

　　Coordinator: Wang Yuguo and Jin Liwang

　　Video clip: Zhou Yixiao

　　Reporter: Jin Liwang, Zhang Cheng, Tian Weiwei, Li Mengxin, Zhou Yixiao, Cao Mengyao, Wang Yijie, Qian Yi, Zhang Hongxiang, Jiang Wenyao, Chen Xinbo, Yang Wenbin, Jiang Hongjing, Shen Bohan, Damon, Xu Bingjie, Liu Chan, Huang Wei, Chu Jiayin, Xue Yuge, and so on.

　　Reporter: Zheng Jiayu

　　New Media Editors: Xu Jinquan, Zhou Daqing, Cai Xiangxin, Cheng Tingting.

　　US Editor: Mu Wenchun

　　From July 24th in Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party to the recent entrepreneurs’ forum held by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the multiple positive news about stimulating the real estate market frequently aroused social concern. Among them, topics such as how to ensure the delivery of housing pre-sale, when to reduce the interest rate of stock houses, and the adjustment of restrictive housing purchase policies in first-and second-tier cities have been hotly debated, and there are also many misunderstandings.

　　With all kinds of questions about these hot topics, the reporter from Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star recently had an exclusive conversation with Meng Xiaosu, the former chairman of China Housing Group and the former head of the national housing reform research group, who has the title of "the father of affordable housing in China", and made an in-depth interpretation of the top ten hot real estate topics.

　　"The relationship between supply and demand in China real estate market has undergone major changes"

　　On July 24th this year, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held a meeting to analyze and study the current economic situation and plan economic work in the second half of this year. When talking about the real estate market, it was clearly stated at the meeting for the first time: to adapt to the new situation that the relationship between supply and demand in the real estate market in China has undergone major changes, adjust and optimize the real estate policy in a timely manner. Make good use of the policy toolbox because of the city’s policy, better meet the rigid and improved housing needs of residents, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. At the macro level, what new features does China’s real estate market present? Facing the new development situation, how can we boost the confidence of the real estate market?

　　One question: "housing and not speculating" is no longer applicable to the present?

　　The positioning of "housing and not speculating" has not changed.

　　Q: How should we understand the current supply and demand situation of the real estate market?

　　A: The real estate market has indeed undergone major changes, but we can’t simply say that "the supply of real estate exceeds demand" because we all look at the market under the state of restricted purchase. It’s like counting traffic on a closed road and counting passengers in a closed shopping mall. How can it reflect the real supply and demand situation? In my opinion, to accurately judge the real relationship between supply and demand in the real estate market, we must wait until after "opening roadblocks" and "reopening shopping malls". Only by releasing the restrictive conditions can we judge the normal relationship between supply and demand.

　　Q: Compared with Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party on April 28th, there was no mention of "staying and not speculating" at the meeting on July 24th. Some people thought that this meant that "staying and not speculating" had changed?

　　A: The positioning of "housing and not speculating" has not changed. The central government emphasizes that "houses are for living, not for speculation", which not only emphasizes the residential property of houses, but also does not deny the wealth value property of real estate. What we should guard against is real estate speculation and curb real estate speculation. However, it should be pointed out that there have been some misunderstandings about "living in a house without speculation", and at least three wrong interpretations have been formed by over-exerting it — — First, it is interpreted as "the house is for living, not for ‘ Buy ’ ",restricting residents from buying houses; The second is interpreted as "the house is for living, not for ‘ Sell ’ ",restricting the development of enterprises to sell houses; Third, it is interpreted as "the house is for rent, not for sale", which violates the policy of "both rent and sale". I think we should return to the origin, adhere to the positioning of "houses are for living, not for speculation", and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market.

　　Second question: Will the adjustment of purchase restriction and loan restriction be a trend in more cities?

　　Restrictive requirements shall be stipulated separately in the "Policy for the City"

　　Q: According to the statistics of the Central Finger Research Institute, in the first half of 2023, more than 100 places have introduced real estate control policies over 300 times. According to the current situation of the real estate market, there is a voice that "first-and second-tier cities should completely cancel the restrictions on purchases and loans"?

　　A: The current situation of the real estate market is mainly due to restrictions. In some places, "policy fallacy of composition" and "policy decomposition fallacy" are formed, resulting in insufficient market confidence, which is a comprehensive effect of mutual influence. "Restricted purchase" was implemented when the real estate was overheated, and now the situation in the property market has changed. According to the requirements of "city-specific policy", restrictive requirements can be stipulated separately in some cities and certain sections.

　　Three questions: When will the series of favorable policies be effective?

　　"Real estate policy adjustment usually has a lag period of 9 months"

　　Q: From lowering interest rates to lowering down payment to liberalizing purchase restrictions in some areas, how did the property market react after many favorable policies for real estate were frequently laid out?

　　A: The real estate policy is different from other economic policies, and it takes a long time. Experience tells us that the lag period of real estate policy is generally around 9 months.

　　Q: Is there still resistance to the recovery of the real estate market?

　　A: "The property market economy is a confidence economy". Now the requirements of the central government to adjust the real estate policy have not been put in place in some places. Many restrictive measures issued during the "overheating" period of real estate have not been adjusted, which is the biggest obstacle to the recovery of the real estate market. Although the financial sector has launched a number of preferential credit policies at present, they are all "non-core policies" in the property market policy and belong to auxiliary policies.

　　How to make people dare to buy a house and live in a down-to-earth manner?

　　"Promoting the stable and healthy development of the real estate market" has been mentioned by the central authorities many times. In recent years, property buyers also have a loud voice to resolve the risk of buying a house and cancel the pool area. How to make ordinary people dare to buy a house and live in a down-to-earth manner is also an important part of boosting confidence in buying a house.

　　Four questions: Should the pool area of commercial housing be abolished?

　　"It’s useless to cancel the pool."

　　Q: In recent years, there has been a loud voice from the people to cancel the pool of commercial housing. In July this year, Hefei, Anhui Province also said that it would "explore the pricing of commercial housing sales according to the interior area". In your opinion, should the market cancel pooling?

　　A: I have always been indifferent to the idea of canceling the pool. What really benefits the people is to improve the dual-track housing system and provide affordable housing for low-income families. The pool area is the difference between the building area and the usable area, including outdoor corridors, public stairs, public halls, elevators, etc., which are all parts of the house. Cancelling the pool is just to change the building area before the pool into the usable area after the pool, and change the pool from "dominant existence" to "invisible existence". It is impossible to cancel it, but the algorithm is different.

　　Q: Can exploring pricing by interior area be implemented in multiple cities?

　　A: What people want is to cancel the pool area. But the pool area can’t be without, and houses can’t exist alone. The cancellation of the pool will not reduce the total house price, and the spread price should be included in the remaining usable area. Property buyers may not get any benefits, but the room area is much smaller and the unit house price has increased a lot. Personally, I think it’s useless to cancel the pool. Just mark the pool area clearly. It’s a common practice in China to measure the construction area, and all statistical data are based on the construction area. Of course, the pool area involves building codes and cannot be changed at will, and the design and construction should be more reasonable.

　　Five questions: Should the pre-sale system of commercial housing be stopped?

　　"House prices may rise, and the development capacity of housing enterprises will decrease"

　　Q: In order to prevent the uncompleted development of real estate, there is a great call from the public to cancel the pre-sale system of commercial housing. Many areas have also begun to pilot the existing home sales system. In your opinion, should the pre-sale system of commercial housing be cancelled?

　　A: The "pre-sale system" is an effective practice formed by drawing lessons from overseas experience in the process of commercial housing development in China. Through the early intervention of house buyers, the problem of project construction funds can be solved, and at the same time, house buyers can buy houses in advance at preferential prices. It is possible to carry out the "existing home sales" pilot on some projects, but the house price will definitely be higher than the pre-sale.

　　In my opinion, it is not feasible to "completely cancel the pre-sale system", which means that development enterprises have to bear more capital costs and risk costs, and these costs have to be borne by buyers through sales, and house prices will rise and development risks will increase. For housing enterprises with less abundant self-owned funds, if there is no pre-sale system, it will be difficult to turn over funds. Both "existing home sales" and "pre-sale system" should be allowed.

　　Q: For consumers who buy faster houses, what aspects of system construction need to be improved to reduce the risk of buying houses?

　　A: There is not much problem with the pre-sale system itself. The problem lies in the management and use of the pre-sale housing funds. There are unfinished buildings in the pre-sale houses, which are all problems with supervision. At present, the pre-sale of houses is supervised by a third-party organization, but some supervision is weak, and the housing enterprises have moved the pre-sale to other places; Others are too dead, so that the project construction does not use the advance payment. Both tendencies will make it difficult to "guarantee the delivery of the building" I think a more reasonable way is for the group of property buyers to conduct second-party supervision. Property buyers have a direct interest in the timely delivery of houses, which can avoid illegal misappropriation of funds by real estate enterprises.

　　Six questions: Will reducing the down payment ratio lead to financial risks?

　　"It is reasonable to make a down payment of around 20%"

　　Q: Ni Hong, Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, stressed at the enterprise symposium held at the end of July that policies and measures such as reducing the down payment ratio and loan interest rate for purchasing the first home should be further implemented. If the total house price remains unchanged, will lowering the down payment ratio lead to financial risks?

　　A: When the housing mortgage loan was designed in that year, the down payment ratio matched the bank risk. However, in the later real estate regulation and control, mortgage loan, a financial lever convenient for ordinary families to buy houses, became a means to regulate the purchasing power of the property market, which deviated from the origin of this loan to some extent. The normal proportion of down payment for housing mortgage loan is 20%. The down payment ratio should follow the principle of matching with the bank risk. If the down payment is too low, the bank risk will increase. However, if the down payment is set too high, it will increase the pressure on residents and make it difficult to help ordinary families buy houses.

　　How to protect the housing rights and interests of people who have bought houses and low-income groups?

　　To promote the stability and health of the real estate market, it is necessary to boost the confidence of new home buyers. The adjustment of the interest rate of existing houses and the housing rights and interests of low-income groups have also attracted much attention.

　　Question 7: When and how much will the interest rate of the stock house be lowered?

　　"It should be adjusted to the current level required by the central bank"

　　Q: On July 14th, Zou Lan, director of the Monetary Policy Department of the Central Bank, said that he supported and encouraged commercial banks to negotiate with borrowers to change their contractual agreements independently, or to issue new loans to replace existing loans. On August 1, the central bank made another statement at the working meeting in the second half of 2023: guiding commercial banks to adjust the interest rate of existing individual housing loans in an orderly manner according to law. Should the central bank issue a mandatory document to reduce the interest rate of stock houses?

　　A: According to the central bank’s policy, there are only two ways to lower the interest rate of the stock house, either the two parties directly modify the contract or reissue the loan to replace the original loan. In fact, the essence of these two practices is the same. It is the simplest to modify the contract directly, and there is no problem of violating the contract. In the past, the adjustment of the interest rate of stock loan banks was synchronized in accordance with the provisions of the central bank. It is enough for the central bank to encourage and support commercial banks to reduce interest rates on existing mortgages, and banks will have to accept market-oriented choices in the future.

　　Q: If the interest rate of stock houses is lowered, how much is appropriate?

　　A: I personally think that the interest rate should be lowered according to the current regulations. No matter what the loan interest rate was in the past, it should be lowered to be consistent with the interest rate stipulated by the central bank.

　　Eight questions: Why is the new round of urban village reconstruction concentrated in mega-cities

　　"The population gathering and the shortage of affordable housing are more prominent."

　　Q: In the past three months, the transformation of villages in cities has been mentioned by the central authorities many times. Why is the new round of reconstruction of villages in cities concentrated in mega-cities and mega-cities?

　　A: The transformation of villages in cities is actually a special business in the transformation of old cities. The reason why we should concentrate on mega-cities is because there is a general shortage of houses in those cities, especially the demand for affordable housing is in short supply. For example, in Shenzhen, many migrant workers rent in low-cost villages in the city, and the government is trying to increase the construction of affordable housing, but the relationship between supply and demand is still tense. In third-and fourth-tier cities, this contradiction between supply and demand is not so obvious.

　　Q: Will this round of urban village reconstruction boost housing prices? Will it give birth to "get rich overnight"?

　　A: There is no need to confuse the real intention of shed reform and urban village reform. These two policies are not necessarily related to pushing up housing prices. The change of the real estate market is not a linear transmission, and it will not directly promote the rise of housing prices because of shed reform and village-in-city transformation.

　　The vast majority of people who still live in villages in cities are farmers with poor economic conditions. The valuable land was originally owned by the villagers, but it was the transformation of the village in the city that released the wealth value. The so-called "phenomenon of getting rich" is extremely individual, and most of them just improve their living conditions. Improving farmers’ living standards and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas are the goals we should pursue.

　　How to draw the blueprint of "Home Ownership"?

　　So far, many cities have gradually relaxed all kinds of purchase restriction measures, but many first-and second-tier cities have not adjusted their purchase restriction and loan restriction policies. How to let buyers get the "admission ticket" to enter the property market and how to ensure the realization of the blueprint of "home ownership" are also problems that need to be solved to maintain the stability of the real estate market.

　　Nine questions: Why has "recognizing the house but not the loan" not yet landed in more cities?

　　"Some urban mortgages ‘ Recognizing the house and the loan ’ Unreasonable "

　　Q: Following the statement made by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development that individual housing loans are "housing but not loans", Zhengzhou issued a relevant notice on August 3, proposing 15 measures to stabilize the real estate market, and said that it would implement the policy of "housing but not loans" and suspend the implementation of the sales restriction policy. However, more first-and second-tier cities outside Zhengzhou have not yet implemented policies. Do you think there is resistance?

　　A: The competent authorities have sent a positive signal that there is no resistance from higher authorities for all localities, and the reason why the policy has not yet been implemented is mainly because the idea of restricting real estate development in the past is deeply rooted, and now the relaxation is afraid that the achievements of past restrictions will be "wasted." In fact, adjustment does not mean that the past policy was wrong, but it needs to be adjusted and optimized according to the new situation. It is unreasonable for some first-tier cities to "recognize housing and loan" and need to be adjusted.

　　Question 10: How to draw the blueprint of "Home Ownership Scheme"?

　　"Local governments play a leading role, and state-owned enterprises and central enterprises play a main role."

　　Q: China started the reform of urban housing system 25 years ago, but today, the central government still emphasizes the construction of affordable housing. What is the problem?

　　A: The design made by our housing reform research group 25 years ago is: "the market supplies commercial housing and the government provides low-rent housing", and it is proposed that affordable housing should cover 50% of urban families in China. From 2000 to 2007, the investment in the development of affordable housing in China only accounted for 3%-5% of the housing investment, which was obviously too little. Since 2011, China has promoted the transformation of shanty towns and provided 30 million sets of affordable housing. However, in terms of the total amount, the construction of affordable housing in China is insufficient, especially in big cities, where the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent.

　　Q: How can we better achieve the goal of "home ownership"?

　　A: I suggest that local governments play a leading role in the construction of affordable housing, and state-owned enterprises and central enterprises play a main role. First of all, the land for the construction of affordable housing cannot be charged with land transfer fees, and only basic taxes and fees can be charged. At the same time, state-owned enterprises and central enterprises should withdraw from the competitive real estate field and return to the construction of affordable housing. People can’t just focus on commercial housing when solving housing problems, and low-income groups can enjoy affordable housing. Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star Journalist Yang Yuqi

　　China Daily Online, January 5 According to a recent report by the China Journal, the hope that China’s economy can recover strongly and continue to be the engine of the world economy is rising when the world is facing multiple challenges. Economists have warned that a potential global economic recession is approaching due to the tightening of the financial environment and the suppression of demand, geopolitical tensions continue. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) said that "the worst is yet to come" and predicted that global economic growth will further weaken in 2023. However, after the optimization and adjustment of epidemic prevention and control measures in China, its economy will recover strongly and play a significant role in boosting global economic stability and growth.

　　On January 1, 2023, people took pictures in front of the Drum Tower in Beijing. (Source: China Daily)

　　Epidemic prevention policy, optimization of economic activity growth and boosting the world economy

　　After the optimization and adjustment of epidemic prevention policies in China, production and life in many cities such as Beijing have gradually returned to normal, and economic vitality has recovered. According to Xinhua News Agency, the number of subway passengers in Beijing, Chengdu and Wuhan increased by 40% one week before New Year’s Day & mdash; 100%, the degree of traffic congestion increased by about 150%— 240%, indicating that residents in these areas are returning to work, shopping and restaurants.

　　On December 30, customers were buying new year goods in the new year market area where the Beijing New Year Festival was launched. (Source: Xinhua News Agency)

　　According to the data of Wind Info information, a market tracking agency, 6,316 domestic flights took off on December 26th, almost twice as much as a month ago, while the box office revenue of national movies rose from 14.47 million yuan a month ago to 106.17 million yuan the day before.

　　Image source: vision china

　　On New Year’s Day holiday, the daily average number of passengers sent by national railways increased by 109% compared with last November. Domestic tourism revenue was 26.517 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 4.0%; On the first day of the new year, the number of operating cinemas nationwide hit a new high in the past 10 months; On the first day of "2023 National Online New Year Festival", the national online retail sales reached 45.2 billion yuan, 6.5% higher than the first day of last year’s New Year Festival. In the first holiday after the optimization and adjustment of epidemic prevention and control policies, one of the most important "Troika" to boost China’s economy — — Consumption is picking up, sending a positive signal that China’s economy is improving.

　　On December 23, 2022, Beijing, the Second Ring Road was busy in the morning. (Source: Oriental IC)

　　The positive signals released by the growth of economic activities have convinced more and more international investment banks and asset management companies that China’s economy will rebound sharply.

　　Singapore’s Lianhe Zaobao quoted economists as saying that it is increasingly likely that China’s economy will rebound faster and stronger in 2023. Bloomberg reported that although the economic and social activity is much lower than that before the epidemic, the rapid rebound of vitality in Beijing and other cities shows that once the epidemic is over, China’s economy can recover faster than expected.

　　The Financial Times quoted analysts from Citibank as predicting that the total retail sales of social consumer goods in China will increase by 11% to 50 trillion yuan in 2023, and most major cities will pass the epidemic peak before mid-January. According to the report, investors and analysts predict that "the coming year will be brighter". The Reuters report quoted Zhou Hao, chief economist of Guotai Junan International, as saying: "Generally speaking, we believe that the worst period of China’s economy has passed, and a strong economic recovery is ahead."

　　Kristina Hooper, chief global market strategist of Jing Shun Investment, a global investment management company, said that the optimization and adjustment of epidemic prevention policies and measures to stabilize the real estate industry "will help promote China to become a key growth engine in 2023".

　　Experts say that many factors will promote China’s economic recovery in the coming year. The world’s second largest economy may recover through a stable and turbulent global economy, or it will become a more important driving force for the world economy.

　　On December 24, 2022, citizens were shopping and relaxing at Jianghan Road Pedestrian Street in Wuhan. Recently, the popularity of various business districts and pedestrian streets in Wuhan has obviously rebounded. (Source: Oriental IC)

　　According to a report by Goldman Sachs, the potential rebound of consumer spending in China may accelerate the import of goods and services and help boost the GDP of economies such as Singapore and Australia, while Thailand and Viet Nam may be the biggest beneficiaries of the international tourism recovery of China tourists.

　　With the orderly recovery of China citizens’ outbound tourism, countries and regions that rely on tourism have begun to look forward to the stimulating effect of China tourists on the local economy.

　　The institutional advantages are obvious, and macro-control is powerful.

　　China Daily quoted Zhang Bin, deputy director of the Institute of World Economics, Politics and Metallurgy of China Academy of Social Sciences, as saying that financial and monetary support should be strengthened this year to ensure the steady expansion of domestic demand.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference held in mid-December, 2022 proposed that under the pressure of "demand contraction, supply shock and expected weakening", domestic demand should be expanded by expanding consumption to promote economic growth. The meeting stressed that it is necessary to strengthen the overall coordination between epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, and strive to optimize epidemic prevention and control. The Central Economic Work Conference regards "focusing on expanding domestic demand" as the key task in 2023, and puts forward that restoring and expanding consumption should be given priority.

　　Focusing on expanding domestic demand, the Central Economic Work Conference proposed to enhance consumption capacity, improve consumption conditions and innovate consumption scenarios. Increase the income of urban and rural residents through multiple channels, and support consumption such as housing improvement, new energy vehicles, and old-age services. The meeting proposed that the proactive fiscal policy in 2023 should be strengthened to improve efficiency and play a more direct and effective role in proactive fiscal policy. A prudent monetary policy should be targeted and effective, and maintain a reasonable and sufficient liquidity.

　　Yin Yanlin, deputy director of the Office of the Central Committee of Finance and Economics, said on December 24 that the change of epidemic prevention will first have a major positive impact on economic recovery. The epidemic situation is a key variable affecting the economic operation at present, and China’s economy has survived the most difficult moment. With the implementation of the policy of optimizing and adjusting epidemic prevention and control, people and logistics will be smoother, and all areas of economic and social life are expected to accelerate recovery, and economic vitality will be effectively released.

　　On January 1, 2023, people ate in a restaurant in Beijing. (Source: Xinhua News Agency)

　　In its latest China Economic Update, the World Bank said that consumer confidence is expected to improve as pent-up consumer demand is released after the first quarter.

　　Bank of China — — Liu Guoqiang, deputy governor of the People’s Bank of China, said that the strength of monetary policy should not be less than last year. "If necessary, further efforts will be made unless economic growth and inflation exceed expectations." Regarding the monetary policy requirements put forward by the Central Economic Work Conference, Liu Guoqiang summarized it as "the total amount should be sufficient and the structure should be accurate".

　　Hu Yifan, investment director and macroeconomic director of UBS Wealth Management Asia Pacific, said that the company predicted that offline consumption would increase as economic activities returned to normal. The year-on-year growth of retail sales in China may rebound from about 1% last year to at least 5% this year. Hu Yifan said that the rebound in consumption may contribute to more than half of the national economic growth this year, and the year-on-year growth may rise from 3% last year to about 5%. At the same time, investment growth will remain strong this year due to the narrowing of the decline in infrastructure construction supported by high-speed rail projects, manufacturing investment promoted by high-tech industries and real estate development investment. In the case of weak global demand, the recovery of domestic demand may help offset the downward pressure on the economy caused by the slowdown in exports.

　　Data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) show that from January to November last year, China’s exports increased by 11.9% year-on-year, reaching 21.83 trillion yuan, but the monthly growth rate dropped to 0.9% in November, which indicates that with the slowdown of global economic growth, exports are facing downside risks.

　　Experts said that this situation highlights the importance of increasing policy support to ensure a strong rebound in domestic demand, especially when consumption recovery still faces obstacles such as rising unemployment.

　　At present, all localities are actively seizing time to promote the recovery of economic vitality and lay the foundation for a good start for the economy in 2023. China’s economy has strong resilience, great potential and full vitality, and the fundamentals of long-term economic improvement have not changed. Confidence is gold. It is believed that with the introduction and implementation of more new policies and measures, China’s economic operation is expected to rebound overall, and the foundation for economic recovery and development will be strengthened, so as to make a good start for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way with high-quality development and new achievements.

　　(Compile: Yip Wong Editor: Han He)

On December 10th, local time, the southern and central parts of the United States were hit by storms, and tornadoes swept through six states, resulting in more than 100 deaths, flattened houses and a mess all over broken walls. Climate scientists say that people need to be prepared for more frequent and severe weather disasters.

Kentucky after a tornado

The whole house was uprooted and the town was razed to the ground.

According to Washington post, from Friday night to Saturday morning, local time, tornadoes traveled 250 miles in northeastern Arkansas, southeastern Missouri, northwestern Tennessee and western Kentucky, causing damage along the way, tearing everything apart for more than three hours and then throwing it into the sky. Sometimes, the debris of objects was thrown 9 kilometers high.

The worst-hit town was mayfield, Kentucky, where a tornado uprooted the whole house. After the storm, the whole town was razed to the ground.

Andy Bacher, governor of Kentucky, said that according to the latest report, 70 people have been killed in the state.

According to other media reports, this tornado is not a single one or a few, but more than 30 huge tornado disasters. Up to now, the number of deaths caused by this disaster has exceeded 100.

The scale of this tornado can enter the top ten in American history

This tornado disaster has a large scale (more than 30 times), a wide span (sweeping through six states) and many deaths (more than 100 people at present). According to the analysis of climate experts, it can be among the top ten tornadoes recorded in the United States.

According to the records of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the 10 deadliest tornadoes in the United States since 1900 are as follows (in descending order of death toll):

1. 695 people died. March 18th, 1925, Missouri, Illinois and Indiana.

2. 216 people died. April 5, 1936, Tupelo, Mississippi.

3. 203 people died. Gainesville, Georgia, April 6, 1936.

4.181 people died. April 9, 1947, Woodward, Oklahoma.

5.158 people died. May 22, 2011, Joplin, Missouri.

6.143 people died. April 24th, 1908, amit, Louisiana and Purves, Mississippi.

7.116 people died. Flint, Michigan, June 8, 1953.

8.114 people died. May 11th, 1953, Waco, Texas.

9.114 people died. May 18th, 1902, Goliath, Texas.

10.103 people died. March 23, 1913, Omaha, Nebraska.

Why do tornadoes frequently occur in the United States?

Why do tornadoes happen so frequently in the United States?

Li Xiaoquan, chief meteorologist of China Weather Network, said: "The United States is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Gulf of Mexico in the south, and the water vapor conditions are very good. When water vapor condenses, a large amount of latent heat of condensation is released, and cumulonimbus clouds are easy to generate and grow; Canada is the north of the United States, which is the birthplace of cold air. The terrain of the United States is transparent from north to south, lacking the barrier of east-west mountains, and hot and cold air can drive straight in. When cold and warm air meet, it is easy to produce strong convective weather such as thunderstorm, strong wind and tornado. Every spring is the frequent season of tornadoes in the United States, because the cold and warm air are evenly matched at this time, and it is easy to cause tornadoes when colliding. "

The United States is a veritable "Tornado Kingdom", with an average of 1,141 tornadoes recorded from 2000 to 2020, and the trend is increasing slightly every year. Comparatively speaking, during the 30 years from 1991 to 2020, there were only 38 tornadoes per year in China.

From 2008 to 2020, the average number of deaths in the United States due to tornadoes was 87 per year. Since the 1950s, there has been an EF5 tornado in the United States every year on average. Can destroy houses and blow up cars).

On May 3, 1999, Oklahoma and Kansas were swept by 66 tornadoes in one day, and the direct economic loss exceeded $1.2 billion. Historically, the number of tornadoes in the United States is 1884, and the number of tornadoes is 944.

Relatively speaking, the number and scale of tornadoes in winter in the United States are relatively small. Since records began, the deadliest one in December was December 5, 1953, in Vicksburg, Mississippi, which killed 38 people. The scale of this tornado easily broke this record.

Global warming may be the culprit.

After the tornado disaster that ravaged the United States this weekend, scientists from the National Weather Service warned that although the exact connection between climate change and tornadoes is still uncertain, higher temperatures may aggravate such violent disasters as tornadoes.

Victor Kingsney, a professor of meteorology at Northern Illinois University, said: "When people see such a disaster today, they will ask, Is this the new normal? It will take us some time to determine what role climate change plays in such an event. But in a warming world, we can say that it is easier to produce tornadoes. "

However, other climate and weather experts point out that tornadoes are one of the most difficult events associated with global warming, in part because tornadoes are relatively few and have a short duration.

Harold Brooks, a senior research scientist at the Severe Storm Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States, said that in recent decades, tornado activities in the United States have become "more changeable", and the number of days when tornadoes are seen has decreased each year, but the number of tornadoes has increased these days, which means that they have become more concentrated in a short period of time.

Although the relationship between tornadoes and global warming cannot be confirmed for the time being, Professor Kingsney pointed out that the continuous warming of the earth is making a series of extreme weather disasters more serious, including longer bad weather seasons and large-scale natural disasters that are not common in history.

This is consistent with the findings released by the United Nations Panel on Climate Change this summer. The survey found that weather-related disasters are becoming more and more extreme and affecting every part of the world as humans continue to emit gases into the atmosphere that cause global warming.

Although the report does not draw a conclusion on the relationship between tornadoes and climate change, it points out that the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation in the United States are increasing.

"The population is growing, the cities are getting bigger and bigger, and we are producing more and more things," Kingsney said. "I am sure that with the continuous expansion of our human footprint, there will be more disasters."

Original title: The scale of tornadoes in the United States can enter the top ten in history, sweeping through six States, razing towns and killing over 100 people.

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　　Most of Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, southern Anhui, southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong and Guangxi in southern China are mainly subtropical monsoon climate zones, with relatively warm winters, but there have been extremely cold periods in history and even suffered from heavy snow and freezing disasters. The Ming and Qing Dynasties were a cold period in the history of China, and the disaster of heavy snow and freezing in the southern region was very serious.

　　First, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, heavy snow and freezing disasters in South China

　　The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau was very cold from the middle of the seventeenth century to the beginning of the eighteenth century. In the ninth year of Shunzhi, the heavy snow in Guizhou lasted for 40 days. In the fifty-first year of Kangxi, Luoping County was frozen with the moon as big as a column. The cold period from the middle of 18th century to the end of 19th century in Sichuan and Chongqing was not only cold, but also lasted for a long time. During the Ganjia period, there was often heavy snow in Sichuan basin in winter, and the phenomenon of excess snow was very common. For example, in the forty-eight years of Qianlong, heavy snow fell in Sichuan Province, with a thickness of two feet in many places. In the fourteenth year of Jiaqing, there were three heavy snows, the temperature was low, the indoor cups and plates were often frozen, and the ice in the water bowl was three inches thick. The low temperature disaster during Guangxu period was even more obvious. For example, in the seventeenth year of Guangxu, the heavy snow in Shifang County condensed into ice strips and ice cubes, which were extremely hard. The oil tanks and vegetables in the house were as cold as glue paint seals, and they could only be opened when they were used by fire. In the winter of the eighteenth year of Guangxu, there was a severe cold in Shuangliu County, and the ice was more than a foot thick. It snowed heavily for several days in Nanchuan county, followed by freezing for more than ten days. In the winter of the 19th year of Guangxu, the river in Wanyuan County was frozen, making it possible to walk on it. According to relevant historical records, such as "the ice is more than a foot thick", "the ice is hard for several days", "the river ice can cross" and "the ice is several feet thick", it can be seen that the climate in Sichuan Basin and surrounding mountainous areas was obviously colder than now.

　　Hubei area is more obviously affected by the cold air in the north due to location factors, and it is prone to freezing disasters. For example, in the ten years of Shunzhi, Hanyang County suffered from severe cold, and the lakes were frozen and could walk. Twenty-nine years of Kangxi, bamboo? The snow in the county is five or six feet deep, and the river is frozen into a beam. In the winter of the 30th year of Kangxi, it was very cold in Fangxian County, the river froze, and many people and animals froze to death. In the winter of Daoguang twenty-one years, the snow in Xianning County was several feet flat and the ice was as hard as stone. In the winter of the eleventh year of Xianfeng, the snow in Daye County was five feet deep, and the lake ice was thick enough for people to pass. The snow in Pu Yin County is five or six feet deep, and lakes and rivers are all frozen. The snow in Xianning County is four or five feet deep, and many pedestrians are frozen to death. In the first month of the fourth year of Tongzhi, there was heavy snow in Yunyang and the Hanshui River froze. In the winter of Guangxu three years, Xiangyang River was frozen, and ice was everywhere. The river ice in Yicheng county is several inches thick, and the ferryman walks on the ice. In thirteen years, the snow accumulated six feet deep, and the Fuhe River Ivylinna Lee was several feet deep, so vessels of all sizes could not travel, and there was an endless stream of horses and chariots on the river.

　　There were mainly two cold periods in the Qing Dynasty in Hunan, the first was from the early Qing Dynasty to the end of Kangxi, and the second was from Jiaqing to Guangxu. For example, in the ninth year of Kangxi, there was heavy snow in Youxian County, and the river was frozen, so people could cross it. There are several feet of snow in winter in Ningxiang county, and the river can cross. It snows heavily in winter in Xiangxiang County, and the river is frozen and frozen. The snow in Hengshan county is several feet deep, and the river is frozen, which is more than feet thick. It snowed heavily for 60 days in Leiyang county, and everyone on the river crossed the ice. In the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi, the snow accumulated in Yuezhou Prefecture for more than ten days, and the lake was frozen, so people could walk across the river. Hengyang county ice, more than 40 days. The heavy snow in Chenzhou, with several feet of ice thickness, was released in February of the following year. In the fifty-second year of Kangxi, there was a big ice and a frozen river in Changsha County. It is feasible to freeze the rivers in Shanhua County. After twenty-five years of Qianlong, the pond was frozen. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, the snow in Pingjiang was three feet deep, and the river was frozen to cross. In the first year of Tongzhi, the snow in Wugang was more than two feet deep and the ice was three inches thick. The pond was feasible, and it was difficult to understand for more than ten days. In the twenty-second year of Daoguang, there was heavy snow in Shaoyang, and the ground accumulated two or three feet. The ice was firm and feasible. In Guangxu three years, Leiyang was frozen for more than half a month, and pedestrians suffered.

　　There were also two particularly cold periods in Jiangxi in the Qing Dynasty. The first period was the Kanggan period, and the second period was the late years of Xianfeng and the early years of Tongzhi. For example, in the ninth year of Kangxi, there were dozens of days of heavy snow in Hukou County, and Meijiazhou in Pengli Lake was frozen and could pass people; It is snowing heavily in Xingzi County, and the river is frozen. The heavy snow in Linchuan county has accumulated for more than forty days, and the river ice can be crossed. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, Wuning County was snowed for three days, with a depth of five or six feet, and it began to disappear at the end of the month. The rivers and wine jars were all frozen, and the water tanks were broken, so that residents had no water to draw, and they lived by melting snow for water. De ‘an County has been snowing for several days, and the Wushimen River is frozen very thick, so it can drive. It is snowing heavily in Poyang County, and the river is frozen, which is several feet strong and can be driven. The snow in Wannian County is four or five feet deep. Anyone with water in the appliance is known as water crack, and the ice in the pond is full of feet, which is feasible. In the first year of Tongzhi, the hard ice in Jinxian County was six or seven inches thick, and the Yangtze River could pass through chariots and horses, that is, the turbulence was frozen. In Anyi County, the snow fell in the first month of spring, and the rivers closed, pedestrians and camphor trees withered. The first month of yugan county is freezing, and the river ice is thick enough to cross the chariots and horses. The river in Anren County is full of ice, and people go up from the ice. It will be fine for ten days. It snowed heavily in the first month of spring in Wanzai County, dripping into ice.

　　Jiangsu and Anhui provinces are roughly divided into three cold periods, namely, the period of ShunKang Yong Gan, the early years of Tongzhi in the last years of Xianfeng and the middle period of Guangxu. For example, in the tenth year of Shunzhi, Tongcheng was snowed for more than ten days, and the trees were frozen, and the moon was puzzled. When it was snowing heavily, the ice was several feet thick, and the eaves hung on the ground, and many trees froze to death. In the winter of the eleventh year of Shunzhi, the ice of Dongtai River was more than feet thick, and people walked on the ice. Wujiang is cold in winter, and the ice in Taihu Lake is two feet thick. Songjiang prefecture, Lingdian frozen for several days, walking on the ice. In the ninth year of Kangxi, there was heavy snow in Wangjiang. The city was several feet deep, and the frozen ice in lakes and marshes was about six feet. The Huaihe River froze in Xuyi, and the horses and chariots traveled on the ice, and the solution began in February of the following year. In the winter of the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi, Shucheng and Wuwei were extremely cold, and the river ice was several feet. Wuxian county is cold and snowy, and the river is frozen and cut off. In the twenty-third year of Qianlong, Taihu Lake froze for more than a month. In the eleventh year of Xianfeng, there was heavy snow in winter, and the ice was thick enough to pass people. The snow in Guichi is seven or eight feet deep, and the river turns into ice. There is heavy snow in Wuxian county, and the flat land is four or five feet. The ice in Taihu Lake is half a month. In the eighteenth year of Guangxu, Wusongjiang, Qingpu County, was frozen for ten days. The river port in Jiading County is frozen and pedestrians can walk on the river. In the 19th year of Guangxu, there was heavy snow in Wuxian, and Taihu Lake was frozen to a thickness of feet. Although Lux vertebral chisel could not sail.

　　During this period, the climate in Zhejiang was also very cold, especially in the early Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty. For example, in the eleventh year of Shunzhi, Cixi County was cold in winter, and the river was icy, and the boat could not pass through the moon. In the fourth year of Kangxi, the winter in Huzhou was very cold, and the ice in Taihu Lake was blocked. In the twenty-second year of Kangxi, Taihu Lake in Huzhou was frozen for more than a month, and people could walk on ice. In the twenty-eighth year of Kangxi, it was snowed in Anxian County, and the river was frozen and the boat was blocked for decades. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong, the winter in Jiashan County was very cold, which was unprecedented in more than sixty years. After 60 years of Qianlong, the snow in Wucheng County was ten feet deep, Taihu Lake was frozen, and people walked on the ice until the Lantern Festival the following year. In the winter of the seventeenth year of Guangxu, there was a great cold in Changhua County, and the river was ice-accumulated, which was several feet strong and could be used for walking. The snow in Taiping county is more than feet deep, coughing and spitting into ice, and the river is frozen and can’t sail. The snow in Haining is extremely cold, the river ice can be worn, and those who can’t get through the boat are tired. In the eighteenth year of Guangxu, all the rivers in Yuyao, Zhejiang were frozen. Heavy snow in Taiping County, coughing into ice, frozen rivers, unable to sail.

　　Studies have shown that Guangdong and Guangxi were equally cold in the Qing Dynasty, with the first low temperature period from the seventh year of Shunzhi to the eleventh year of Qianlong (1650-1750) and the second low temperature period from the ninth year of Daoguang to the second year of Xuantong (1830-1910), with the peaks of the two low temperature periods in the twenty-ninth year of Kangxi and the eighteenth year of Guangxu. For example, in the eighteenth year of Guangxu, the snow in Luchuan, Guangxi was two feet thick, the snow in Qinzhou was like cotton, the snow in Tai Po, Guangdong was three or four inches thick, and the waterfall in the mountain stream was frozen.

　　Since the beginning of the first half of the 20th century, the climate in southern China has become warmer, which is reflected in the relative warmth in the first 50 years. From the 1940s and 1950s, there was a brief cold period, which reached its peak in 1955. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, there was an extreme low temperature of about minus 14 degrees Celsius, and both Dongting Lake and Hanshui River were frozen, while Taihu Lake was partially frozen, and the absolute lowest temperature below zero was also recorded in Guangdong and Guangxi.

　　Generally speaking, the winter low temperature disaster in southern China is very serious in the past 300 years. During the cold period, not only the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River generally have a long period of heavy snow, but also the land is seriously frozen, and most rivers and lakes are frozen. Many rivers and lakes have ice thickness that can pass pedestrians and cars. Not only do people cough and spit into ice in the wild, but also water bowls and wine jars at home freeze, some of which are as thick as three inches. This low temperature freezing situation is unprecedented in the past 100 years. The degree of low-temperature freezing disaster in Sichuan and Chongqing in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is relatively weak, but some rivers in the northern part of the basin also appear freezing phenomenon, and Mianyang even turns boiling water into ice in an instant, which is more serious than this year’s low-temperature freezing disaster. In the high-altitude Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau area, sometimes it snows for as long as 40 days, and the bowl in Kunming freezes, and the degree of low temperature is also higher than that in modern times.

　　According to the 500-year temperature fluctuation map south of Huaihe River in Qinling Mountains of China, there are four cold periods from the mid-15th century to the 1970s, the mid-17th century, the mid-18th century and the late 19th century, and the cold period generally fluctuates between 100 and 150 years. In the past 300 years, 50 or 60 years in the early Qing Dynasty and 50 years in the late Qing Dynasty were the coldest periods. The extreme peak years of the former period were in the ninth year of Kangxi (in 1670, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan) and in the 29th year of Kangxi (in 1690, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan), while the peak years of the latter period were in the 17th to 19th years of Guangxu (in 1891-1893, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan). At the same time, there are relatively extreme low temperature periods of about 50 years in this hundred-year cycle, such as the 26th year of Qianlong (in 1761, in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River), 14th year of Jiaqing (in 1809, in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River), 11th year of Xianfeng and 1st year of Tongzhi (in 1861 and 1862, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River) and 1955 (in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan). Generally speaking, the low temperature degree of the heavy snow and freezing disaster in China this year is not as severe as the two heavy snow and freezing disasters in Kangxi and Guangxu years, nor as severe as the low temperature degree in 1955, but the scope of the disaster is rare. As far as the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and Lingnan areas are concerned, it is at least a once-in-50-year heavy snow and freezing disaster, and it can be described as a once-in-a-century winter low temperature and freezing disaster for the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

　　Second, the impact of heavy snow and freezing disasters

　　Due to different social and economic backgrounds, the impact of low temperature and freezing disasters in different periods is also very different.

　　(1) In the traditional era, the socio-economic operation of urban and rural areas was mainly maintained by natural renewable fuels. In the Qing Dynasty, most urban and rural areas in southern China mainly relied on nearby biofuel firewood for heating and lighting, and transportation and communication were also mainly transmitted by people. The natural attributes of life and production were obvious, so the impact of low temperature disasters on the basic survival and production of urban and rural areas was limited. From the traditional era, the low-temperature freezing disaster in the south usually causes "people and animals freeze to death", "fish and turtles freeze to death", "fruit trees wither", "trees are completely broken", "houses are crushed" and "boats are blocked", etc., but it is not easy to make urban and rural areas completely paralyzed. Modern industrial civilization is based on non-renewable and non-biological fuels, and this foundation is often realized by great transportation and transshipment; At the same time, modern fuel-powered transportation has higher requirements for roads, while people and information flow more frequently in modern society, and basic survival has higher requirements for transportation and fuel power. Therefore, once the traffic is blocked, the fuel can’t be transported through the big traffic, and the power is interrupted, the modern industrial civilized society will be completely paralyzed, and the disaster caused to the society will be more obvious.

　　(2) In the Qing Dynasty, the population density in southern China was not as high as that in modern times, and the intensity and scope of economic development were not as good as now, so the impact of low temperature and extreme climate on production and life was objectively limited. Especially in many areas of southern China in the Qing Dynasty, the scale of agricultural production in winter was very limited, and many lands were left fallow. However, with the economic development in southern China, the scale and scope of industrial economy have been greatly expanded, the urban population has soared, modern industrial civilization has been further deepened, and the multi-cropping system of field crops has been popularized, especially the development of a large number of greenhouse planting industries. The impact of low-temperature freezing disasters on urban and rural production and life is much more obvious than that of the Qing Dynasty.

　　Of course, we should also see that in the face of low-temperature and freezing disasters in ancient times, although the scale and degree of the disaster may be small objectively, it is precisely because of the constraints of transportation and communication that people often can’t know the situation in the disaster area in time and can’t carry out disaster relief and mitigation in time, so it often has a great impact on people’s livelihood.

　　It should be pointed out that the modern industrial economy in the south of China has only a history of more than one hundred years, but it only took shape in the last fifty years. In history, this large-scale extremely cold and frozen climate in the south is often a time scale period of one hundred to fifty years, so strictly speaking, the modern industrial civilization in the south of China has not experienced the test of this extremely low temperature and freezing disaster. Therefore, we not only lack the psychological and countermeasure preparation for this emergency, but also lack the construction requirements for preventing this kind of low-temperature freezing disaster, such as building roofs, power transmission, highway and railway transportation, which do not have the technical requirements for preventing extreme low-temperature freezing under high humidity. Therefore, it is necessary for us to strengthen the research on the prevention of extreme freezing weather in winter and establish corresponding preventive countermeasures in the urban and rural construction and social development in southern China. (Author: Institute of Historical Geography, Southwest University)

Editor: Li Erqing

On July 18th, recently, some owner users of Zhixing shared their experience videos in the user center on the Internet platform, and emphatically introduced the dining-related experience, and nicknamed the user center as "HarmonyOS Hotel" and "Wenjie Hotel".

IT House noticed that Yu Chengdong, managing director of Huawei and chairman of terminal BG, also shared his experience in "HarmonyOS Hotel" yesterday:

It’s very distinctive to come to HarmonyOS Zhixing User Center in Inner Mongolia for supper. We have launched more than 600 user centers across the country.Free vehicle inspection in summer, including More than 200 companies support HarmonyOS Zhixing starry night service., convenient for users to come after work, check a car,Have a mealFeel free to go home.

It is worth mentioning that Yu Chengdong also shared the menu of Guest Meal Week in Zhixing User Center in HarmonyOS, Inner Mongolia: the dinner time is 19:30-21:30, and during the period from July 14th to July 20th, the daily dishes are different, but they are all Chinese.Roughly including four main dishes+one soup+one fruit.The staple food is expected to be rice.

At present, the official meal price has not been announced yet. IT House called the local HarmonyOS Zhixing User Center and learned that,Car owners and users are free to eat, and no related fees are charged.. For reference, HarmonyOS Zhixing announced on the community platform at the end of last month that its offline layout reached a new high, and 32 new user centers were built from April to May. At present, there are 290+ users in Wenjie User Center, 160+ users in HarmonyOS Zhixing User Center and 710+ users in Experience Center. It is reported that HarmonyOS Zhixing will build high-end store services, including store image, exhibition hall environment, sales reception, coffee service, delivery ceremony and after-sales service. In addition, HarmonyOS Zhixing plans to build a 350+ user center in 2025.