Tell everyone a joke.

"It’s Friday today, and I won’t go to work tomorrow."

Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha

Disease control jun, I’ll laugh first.

Fridays are always wonderful.

In such a good mood

Why don’t we have a few more jokes to help-

Those "occupational diseases" in life

↓

I dowaiterI have been doing this for a long time. On my classmate’s birthday, we went out to eat. In the middle of eating, the next table shouted."waiter". I suddenly stood up and replied "Hello!" Is this the legendary occupational disease?

taxi driverAfter working for eight years, I went to the supermarket by private car one day and saw someone waving a taxi by the roadside, so I turned right and went straight to others, stopped by them, and then drove away silently without thinking.

Today, I went to the supermarket to buy a bowl. The cashier’s sister said, "Two dollars and five cents". I didn’t have change and gave a ten-dollar bill, sister.I’ll just pass the bowl when I get the change, and thenThe cashier sister laughed and the people in line at the back laughed. Alas. Occupational disease, I can’t afford to hurt.

Working outside

Have you ever made a joke because of "occupational disease"?

We often ridicule "occupational diseases"

But in fact, these are not real occupational diseases.

Let’s talk today.

Occupational disease in the true sense

so

What is a real "occupational disease"?

▼

China has the largest working population in the world.

New occupational health hazards are constantly emerging.

Some migrant workers have to be exposed to all kinds of harmful factors.

Coupled with physical and psychological pressure.

So I got a real "occupational disease"-

industrial diseaseRefers to the employees of enterprises, institutions, individual economic organizations and other employers in their professional activities,Diseases caused by exposure to dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful substances.

The legal occupational diseases in China mainly include (10 categories, 132 kinds):

Occupational pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases

Occupational dermatosis

Occupational ophthalmopathy

Occupational otorhinolaryngology and oral diseases

Occupational chemical poisoning

Occupational diseases caused by physical factors

radiation induced diseases

Occupational infectious diseases

occupational cancer

Other occupational diseases

How to judge whether you have occupational diseases?

Refer to these four standards

▼

(1) there must be a factual employment relationship with the employer;

(2) must be produced in the course of engaging in professional activities;

③ It must be caused by contact with dust, radioactive substances and other toxic and harmful factors;

④ It must be the occupational diseases listed in the occupational disease classification and catalogue published by the state. (I won’t list them one by one if there are too many)

Common occupational diseases include these

Do you know?

▼

1. Occupational-related lung diseases, such aschronic bronchitis、pneumonectasisWait;

2. Bone and soft tissue injuries, such as many forced posture operations such as standing and sitting.Low back pain, shoulder and neck pain, scoliosis, tenosynovitisWait;

3. Career-related heartVascular diseaseFor example, the detection rate of hypertension in high temperature workers is higher than that in non-high temperature workers, and the incidence and mortality of coronary heart disease are increased due to exposure to chemicals such as carbon monoxide and carbon disulfide;

4. Reproductive dysfunction, such as exposure to lead, mercury and carbon disulfide, can lead tobe born prematurelyandabortionThe incidence rate increased;

5. Digestive tract diseases, such as coal miners.Gastrointestinal ulcerThe rate is higher than that of the general population, and high temperature workers can causeIndigestionThe incidence of other diseases has increased.

Don’t want to get occupational diseases

How should workers correctly prevent it?

▼

Stay away from occupational hazards

Workers must take precautions first.

this6 doses of "vaccination"Please accept

Vaccination 1:

Before taking up their posts, workers should sign with the employer.labour contract;

Vaccination 2:

Abide by the occupational health post of the employing unit.operating instructionOr something else.safety regulations;

Vaccination 3:

Persist in homework.Correct use of occupational disease protection articles, such as dust masks, anti-noise earplugs, etc.; (Refer to previous tweets: How important is protective equipment? Know these personal protective equipment and protect occupational health. I will act! )

Vaccination 4:

Participate in the organization of the employer in time.Occupational health examinationAccording to the requirements of medical institutions, timely review relevant occupational abnormal items;

Vaccination 5:

If you find any illness or abnormality that may be related to your occupation, pleaseCheck or consult with professional institutions in time.;

Vaccination 6:

⑥ Take an active part in the activities carried out by the employer.Occupational disease prevention knowledge training, or through the media, the network search knowledge of occupational diseases, improve their awareness of protection. (PS: Pay attention to "Shenzhen Longgang Disease Control", where there is a lot of occupational disease knowledge)

done

That’s the end of today’s popular science

Have a nice weekend, worker!

—recommended in the past—

END

Source: CDC trends in China, CDC in Sichuan and CDC in Longgang.

Part of the picture comes from the internet, and the copyright belongs to the author.

Produced by Shenzhen Longgang District Health Education Institute

Operation service: Jing newspaper office

　　China’s famous world cultural heritage — — The Grand Canal is a great water conservancy project created by the ancient people of China. It consists of three parts: the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the Sui-Tang Grand Canal and the East Zhejiang Grand Canal. It starts from Beijing and Tianjin in the north, reaches Jiangsu and Zhejiang in the south, and spans eight provinces of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang. It is the north-south traffic artery in ancient China.

　　In 2019, the Outline of Cultural Protection, Inheritance and Utilization Planning of the Grand Canal was promulgated, and eight provinces along the Grand Canal were deployed to promote the construction of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park. At present, 73 key projects along the route are progressing smoothly, and related museums, cultural parks and sites have achieved initial results. The ancient canal is showing new vitality.

　　Beijing Section of the Grand Canal: Inheriting History and Creating the Future

　　The history of the Grand Canal in Beijing can be traced back to Yongji Canal dug in Sui Dynasty. After the water source project of Tonghui River was implemented in Yuan Dynasty, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was connected. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Grand Canal route of the Yuan Dynasty was basically followed. But later, due to the diversion of the Yellow River and the development of railway transportation in history, the Grand Canal gradually turned from prosperity to decline. However, it is undeniable that the political, economic and cultural exchanges linked by the Grand Canal have become a spectacular and brilliant page in the history of Chinese civilization. Now, the Beijing section of the Grand Canal is full of vitality.

　　The Beijing section of the Grand Canal takes Baifu Spring and Yuquanshan Springs as water sources, pours into Kunming Lake of the Summer Palace, passes through the long river, introduces Shichahai, passes through the old Yuhe River and Tonghui River, and flows into the North Canal. Among them, Tonghui River and Tongzhou section of the North Canal are all rivers of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. Relying on the Grand Canal, the development of cultural belt, ecological belt and tourism belt is on the rise.

　　Chen Xibo, Executive Director of Tongzhou Grand Canal Research Association:From the perspective of the Grand Canal, it contains many cultures, such as water transport culture, dock culture, folk culture, and many landscape cultures, which are too numerous to list. These cultures are displayed on both sides of the canal, which is very conducive to giving full play to the cultural inheritance function of the grand canal.

　　At present, Beijing is accelerating the construction and protection of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park, which is based on the canal water system, linked with the canal culture and integrated with natural ecology and social and economic factors.

　　Chen Xibo, Executive Director of Tongzhou Grand Canal Research Association:Cultural heritage can be better protected, and the splendid Millennium Canal culture can be displayed, which is conducive to the management and protection of the entire water system of the Grand Canal, making the water on both sides of the strait clearer, the trees greener and the sky bluer, and also conducive to the development of cultural tourism industry on both sides of the strait. The canal will live. Because we can not only understand the culture, but also feel the customs on both sides of the Grand Canal through cultural tourism.

　　Since 2017, a number of landmark projects have been launched in Beijing: the retreat and renovation of sites along the canal, the comprehensive management of rivers such as the Xiao Taihou River, the establishment of a national 5A-level scenic spot in Tongzhou Grand Canal, and the navigation of cruise ships in Tongzhou section of the North Canal for 11.4 kilometers.

　　Near the old canal road, three new cultural landmarks — — The Grand Canal Museum, Theatre and Library will be built into a Beijing Grand Canal National Cultural Park with capital standards, Beijing characteristics and the weather of the times.

　　Tan Xuxiang, Director of Beijing Municipal Development and Reform Commission:Up to now, the monitoring of the Grand Canal in Beijing has been completed for ten sections, four lakes and twenty-eight sections, and the water environment quality has reached the requirements of the water environment functional zone. The cultural protection along the Grand Canal has also been strengthened, and the protection and utilization of a number of historical sites and remains have been fully launched. So far, the first phase of the Beijing section, 11.4 kilometers, has been completed, and the second phase will be completed in June this year, thus promoting the perfect integration of culture, tourism and the city in the Grand Canal Cultural Park. In the next step, we will strive to improve the ecological, cultural and environmental pattern of the Grand Canal, making it a symbol of the high-quality development of the sub-center and a green paradise for the happy life of ordinary people.

　　A new chapter on the context of the Millennium Canal.

　　The Grand Canal is a great project created by China in ancient times, and it is also a cultural symbol of China with extensive influence in the world. Beijing is accelerating the construction of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park. During the May Day period, Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park became a popular place for citizens to go on holiday.

　　Headquarters reporter Wang Shengdong:I am now in the Grand Canal Forest Park. According to past experience, the park authorities estimate that the number of visitors here may reach about 300,000 during the May Day holiday. It can be said that the Grand Canal Forest Park has become a good place for foreign tourists and Beijing residents to spend their holidays. The river section where I am located is also a part of the Grand Canal National Cultural Park under construction in our country, and now it belongs to Tongzhou section of Beijing.

　　A river: the cruise ship will sail soon at the end of June

　　Among all the familiar sections of the Grand Canal, Beijing has two sections, one is Tonghui River, and the other is Tongzhou Section of the North Canal.

　　Today, the first thing I want to introduce is a river. The entire Tongzhou section of this river is 41 kilometers. It is necessary to complete the navigation of the whole line of cruise ships by the end of June this year. This is a prosperous time that many people have been looking forward to for many years, because the existing river section is only 11.4 kilometers, which can meet the needs and experiences of more people to visit the canal culture after the whole navigation.

　　This river is divided into two parts, but after navigation, there will be three modes of sightseeing: one short, one long and one night sailing.

　　Scenery all the way: Tongzhou Grand Canal is creating a national 5A scenic spot.

　　Now, at the starting point of the North Canal, that is, the intersection of the five rivers, there are familiar scenic spots of three temples and one tower, as well as the Tongzhou Grand Canal, which is connected in series by the Canal Park and the Grand Canal Forest Park. At present, a national 5A-level scenic spot is being created.

　　A Fan: Witness of Water Transport Culture

　　You can see the symbols on this fan in the picture above. It is very strange. The original and copy of the fan are now quietly kept in Tongzhou Museum. This fan is an important witness to the canal water transport culture. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, in order to ensure the safety of transporting the bridge from the south to Beijing, a non-official and non-civilian organization was derived. The personnel in the organization were called grain brokers, who checked the quality of the bridge. If relevant officials found that there was a problem with the quality of grain, they could check the responsibility through the secret symbols drawn on the grain bags by these brokers. So this fan was also called the QR code or barcode at that time.

　　Such a traceability system can be said to be an early traceability system in our country at present.

　　One line: 17 sites have been retired for repair and protection.

　　All large-scale landscape sites and sites along the canal have been properly protected, including 17 heritage sites and sites such as Baifuquan, manjuji and Baliqiao, which have been cleared, repaired and protected.

　　A feast: A number of Grand Canal cultural signs will appear.

　　Along the Grand Canal, there are not only the wisdom of our ancestors, but also the achievements of today’s people. Now three new cultural landmarks are about to rise. Now they are under intensive construction, and the museums, theaters and libraries in Tongzhou will become new landmarks in the future.

　　In addition, people are familiar with the digital experience such as the champion cultural exhibition, the map of the Luhe River, and even the workshops of various intangible products, which are now spread out on the banks of the canal.

　　Tianjin Section of the Grand Canal: Ecological Improvement and Cultural Continuation

　　As an important transportation hub of the Grand Canal, Tianjin is known as the "city carried by the Canal". The formation, development and prosperity of Tianjin city are closely related to the Grand Canal.

　　The Tianjin section of the Grand Canal starts from Muchang Gate in wuqing district in the north and ends at Jiuxuan Gate in Jinghai District in the south, with a total length of 182.6 kilometers, including North Canal, South Canal, Haihe River and Ziya River.

　　According to the distribution of river courses and heritage resources, wuqing district, Beichen District, Hebei District, Hongqiao District, Nankai District, Xiqing District and Jinghai District in Tianjin are the core areas where the Grand Canal flows.

　　The tourism resources on both sides of the Grand Canal are rich and diverse, with six main categories, including biological landscape, ruins, buildings and facilities, and a total of 275 resource products, among which the types of buildings and facilities account for the highest proportion.

　　Follow the aerial camera from the birthplace of Tianjin — — Sanchahekou started to set out, passing through many historical and cultural blocks such as Laochengxiang, Guwen Street, Juyi Street and Haihe River. Beiyang Garden and Wenjin Garden, which have just been completed in recent two years, rely on canal resources to create an ecological landscape for the people to go out and see the scenery, enjoy flowers in four seasons and walk into the forest.

　　Following the aerial camera to wuqing district, Tianjin, the green and golden eyes add gorgeous colors to the canal this season.

　　Yang Longyue, Tianjin wuqing district Water Affairs Bureau:We are now located in an important water conservancy hub in Wuqing section of the North Canal, with a total of nine water structures. The one behind me is an important one called the 16-hole sluice, which undertakes the task of flood discharge and drainage during the flood season. In recent years, we have also planted more than 200,000 square meters of landscape plants such as Isatis indigotica and rape flowers on the basis of the original landscape of the North Canal in non-flood season, providing landscape belts for people to enjoy and play.

　　Since the beginning of this year, Tianjin has made every effort to promote the cultural protection, inheritance and utilization of the Grand Canal, and carried out planning, cultural relics protection, project implementation, etc., and established a "1+4" planning system, namely, the Implementation Plan for Cultural Protection, Inheritance and Utilization of the Grand Canal in Tianjin and four special plans for cultural heritage protection, cultural tourism integration development, river water system management and protection, and ecological environment protection and restoration. The cultural protection, inheritance and utilization of the Grand Canal has changed from top-level design to full implementation stage.

　　Liang Jun, Deputy Director of Tianjin Development and Reform Commission:According to the protection of cultural relics, water resources protection and ecological restoration along the river, there are 9 categories and 51 key projects, with a total investment of 31 billion yuan. In the next step, Tianjin will adhere to one policy, pay attention to one map as a whole, highlight the protection of cultural relics, ecology, rivers, and accelerate the navigation of tourism in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

　　Enjoy the charm of the canal by painting the ancient town in New Year.

　　The most distinctive section of the Grand Canal in Tianjin — — Xiqing section of the Grand Canal, where the Yangliuqing Grand Canal National Cultural Park has been started.

　　Headquarters reporter Wang Xiaopei:I am now located in the Xiqing section of the Grand Canal, with a total length of more than 30 kilometers, of which 16.5 kilometers is a world cultural heritage, and the ancient town of Yangliuqing is on both sides of the canal. Just now, I also experienced a circle by boat, and the scenery on both sides of the strait in the water is also unique. On the north side of the canal is the most prosperous amorous feelings block in Yangliuqing town, next to the Shijia Courtyard, a national 4A-level scenic spot known as the "first house in North China". On the south side of the canal is the Yangliuqing Grand Canal National Cultural Park, which was officially launched in 2019.

　　The Yangliuqing Grand Canal National Cultural Park covers an area of more than 2,800 mu, which is divided into three sections: a famous historical town, a treasure island and a cultural town. The core part is the treasure island, which is also the main part of planning and construction at this stage.

　　Yuanbaodao is divided into three areas: Jingu Wetland Cultural Tourism Zone, Chinese Traditional Quyi Cultural Experience Zone and Nian Cultural Experience Zone, as well as the vitality ring of water transport culture.

　　The entire Yangliuqing Grand Canal National Cultural Park, when planning, has three adherences.

　　First, insist on planning before moving. That is to solve the problem of "how to plan and what to build". In fact, before you see this planning version, there are five versions planned and designed by famous designers from all over the country and even the world. The final version can be said to be the most suitable for Yangliuqing, Tianjin and the Grand Canal.

　　The second is to adhere to cultural guidance and solve the problem of "how to protect and inherit what". The biggest charm of Yangliuqing Grand Canal National Cultural Park is the Millennium culture behind it. In addition to Yangliuqing New Year pictures, there are also a series of national non-legacy projects such as paper-cutting and kites. In the future, the China New Year Picture Museum will be planned and built here, giving full play to Yangliuqing’s New Year Picture culture, water transportation culture and rushing to camp culture. At the same time, according to the principle of "preserving the past, inheriting the past, promoting the past and using it", we will learn from the exhibition method of Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival to realize the reappearance of historical scenes. That is to say, the buildings repaired here will also show a bright breeze in the future.

　　The third is to adhere to the integration of cultural tourism and solve the problem of "how to operate and what to develop". For example, in view of the famous historical town plate, the method of "reactivation" is adopted to retain more than 800 existing old houses, to carry out historical and cultural restoration, to develop special tourism, special homestays and other formats, and to introduce market capital, focusing on building canal water street, intangible experience, Chinese time-honored brands and other formats, so as to turn this place into a tourist attraction and a cultural punching place.

　　Tianjin is a city born and prospered by rivers. Everyone in Tianjin has learned the warmth and perseverance of water, and also has the obligation and responsibility to protect, inherit and make good use of the Grand Canal and its long-standing culture. The designers and managers of the National Cultural Park also have a small wish, that is, to make people all over the world yearn for celebrating the China Year of the Lunar New Year in Yangliuqing, so that tourists from Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei can have a full moon weekend in Yangliuqing and enjoy the living heritage here.

Original title: Lingao Beautiful Scenery Come to Guyin Waterfall to enjoy the spectacular scenery formed by force of nature.

New Hainan Client, Nanhai Net February 2 news (Reporter Lin Wenquan) "When you stand under Guyin Waterfall, surrounded by thin water droplets, under the big banyan tree, the sun passes through the forest leaves, and the fog in the water suddenly becomes a golden beam, hitting the water and the jungle … This is not just a trip, but more like a baptism of the soul." Ms. Xie, a tourist, shared her wonderful feelings about her trip to Lingao. In recent years, Guyin Waterfall has become a punch-in point for many tourists in online celebrity, which has also promoted the development of local economy.

Guyin Waterfall. Photo courtesy of Lingao County Rong Media Center

Guyin Waterfall is located near the west of Juren Village, Huangtong Town, north of Lingao. As a minority scenic spot, there are few people and beautiful scenery here, and the surrounding tropical plants are rich, and the ancient banyan trees are magnificent. According to local villagers, Guyin Waterfall has the reputation of "Three Tanks and Nine Songs", because it is located in Juren Village, and there is another one named Juren Waterfall. It is understood that the waterfall is caused by the drop of Pingchuan, with a drop of 20 meters, a width of 20 meters and a width of 400 square meters. There are many strange rocks around it, with different shapes and various shapes.

Enter from the gate of the scenic spot and walk for more than ten minutes to see the waterfall. Along the way in full of green, flowing water gurgled and butterflies shuttled freely. The waterfall poured down from the top of the mountain, forming a spectacular sight. The background of the waterfall is dense tropical rain forest and rolling mountains, which makes people feel like they are in a vivid picture.

During the tour, tourists can not only enjoy the beautiful scenery of Guyin Waterfall, but also experience the local folk culture and food. In the villages around Guyin Waterfall, you can learn about the traditional Li culture and customs, such as Li costumes, songs and dances, food and so on. In addition, you can also taste farm dishes with Lingao characteristics, such as wild vegetables, bamboo rice, grilled fish and so on.

When the Spring Festival comes, you can not only enjoy the beautiful scenery, but also watch the volleyball match. It is reported that from February 18th to 20th, the 2024 Hainan (Lingao) Trade Union Elite Volleyball Tournament will be held in Binjiang Park, Lingao County. In this competition, there are four teams, namely Lingao Team, Haikou Team, Ding ‘an Team and Chengmai Team, who will challenge the men’s nine-a-side volleyball competition.

(Lin Wenquan)

　　CCTV News:Heavy rainfall has caused the water level of many rivers to rise. On July 13th, the flood peak of Jialing River passed through Chongqing, which exceeded the warning water level. In the afternoon, the command center of fire brigade in Beibei District of Chongqing suddenly received an alarm, saying that there was a figure in the flood peak of Jialing River. After receiving the alarm, rescuers quickly took the assault boat to the rescue, but unexpectedly, it was a different situation.

　　When the flood peak crossed the border that day, the highest water level reached 197.26 meters, which exceeded the warning water level by 2.76 meters. There are some floating objects on the Jialing River, and there are also many undercurrents and eddies below the seemingly smooth river. Rescuers quickly put the assault boat into the water and searched for the drowning person along the river. After nearly an hour, they finally found several figures in the water at Beibei Water and Soil Wharf.

　　Rescuers: "Master, catch the lifebuoy."

　　Swimmer: "No, no,no."

　　Rescuers: "Are you swimming? Are you swimming? "

　　Swimmer: "Yes."

　　Wang Zhi, Squadron Leader of Chengnan Squadron of Beibei District Fire Brigade, Chongqing: "They told us that they came from other places to experience such an act of flood peak drifting, and they belonged to the Swimming Association. At that time, they did refuse to rescue them and refused to let us film them."

　　Firefighters were escorted by assault boats in the flood peak.

　　There were seven people in the water. Due to the rapid current, the firemen’s assault boat was almost overturned by the flood peak many times. Despite their repeated patient persuasion, these seven people refused to go ashore. Two of them first agreed to go ashore, and within a few minutes, they jumped into the flood again.

　　Wang Zhi, Squadron Leader of Chengnan Squadron of Beibei District Fire Brigade, Chongqing: "At that time, we had no way to restrict them. We could only say that we protected them through our means."

　　Legal expert: swimmers occupy and waste public emergency resources.　

　　Firefighters carefully drove the assault boat in the flood peak, while paying attention to the state of these seven people in order to rescue them in time. Nearly an hour later, these seven people finally landed. Rescuers reminded that fire and water are ruthless, so don’t risk your life in the flood peak. Legal experts also said that the behavior of these swimmers is a waste of public emergency resources.

　　Wu Ruqiao, Associate Professor and Doctoral Supervisor of Chongqing University Law School.: "This behaviorFrom the point of view of swimmers, they should say that it is difficult to constitute an illegal act, but emotionally and rationally, their behavior is very inappropriate., one isDisrespect for one’s own life. The other one isIt wastes our public resources and puts our firefighters in such a dangerous situation.. In this case,I suggest that we can even consider letting these swimmers bear the time cost, economic cost and other related costs incurred by firefighters.. "

　　"Extreme cold waves are more likely to break out."

　　After the "cliff-like" seasonal cooling during the National Day, a new round of cold air followed after the holiday, bringing strong winds, cooling and rain and snow to the central and eastern regions of China. According to the Central Meteorological Observatory, on the 10th, the impact of cold air was coming to an end. However, there were still moderate to heavy rains and local heavy rains in eastern Jilin and eastern Heilongjiang. There are sleet or small to medium snow in the northeastern part of Liaoning, the eastern mountainous area of Jilin and the southeastern mountainous area of Heilongjiang, and there are heavy snowstorms in the eastern mountainous area of Jilin.

　　Despite psychological preparation, the temperature drop in early October exceeded expectations, and some areas experienced record-breaking heat and cold overnight in winter. From blowing air conditioners to wearing long trousers, people can’t help wondering: Why did the cold wave come so early this year?

　　The temperature in many places in the south is "big diving"

　　On October 2, the Central Meteorological Observatory issued a blue warning of cold wave, which is the earliest cold wave warning issued in the second half of the year since the Central Meteorological Observatory officially launched the early warning release mechanism in 2010. From 14: 00 on October 2 to 20: 00 on October 6, the temperature in most parts of central and eastern China generally dropped by 8 ~ 12℃, and the temperature in central and eastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, most of Shaanxi, Huanghuai, Jiang and other places dropped by 12 ~ 16℃, and the local temperature dropped by more than 18℃.

　　When the cold wave in the north hit and the temperature dropped sharply, most areas in the south were still as hot as midsummer, and they were in the yellow warning of high temperature, with the local temperature reaching above 40℃. 470 national meteorological stations such as Hefei, Nanchang, Changsha and Hangzhou also broke the record of the highest temperature in October. It is understood that this is also the first time in history that two early warnings of high temperature and cold wave have been released at the same time.

　　When the cold air drives straight, the temperature in many places in the south "dives", and the temperature in some areas such as Anhui, Hubei and Jiangsu even drops by more than 20℃. First, it experienced the hottest in the same period in history, and then it experienced a "seasonal" cooling. Many netizens in the south said that it seemed to be a day from summer to winter.

　　After the National Day holiday, a new cold air continued to hit, which was accompanied by rain, snowfall and windy weather. From 8th to 10th, a new round of strong cold air will affect the central and eastern regions of China, and the lowest temperature in some northern regions will hit a new low since autumn. In addition to cooling, it also brings strong winds, rainfall and snowfall.

　　On the 10th, the impact of cold air came to an end, but there was still cooling and rain and snow in the northeast. On the 11th, the lowest temperature in Guangdong fell below 10℃, and the lowest temperature in most parts of the province hit a new low in the second half of the year.

　　This is a crisp autumn in October, and the cold air continues to exert its strength. Many places in China have "seasonal cooling". Why? Zhang Tao, chief forecaster of the Central Meteorological Observatory, analyzed that in the first half of the National Day holiday, the subtropical high was unusually strong and had a large influence range, and the highest temperature broke the historical extreme value in some parts of the north and south, showing a warmer trend on the whole. Under such circumstances, a strong cold air cut down from the low altitude of the subtropical high from north to south, the ground temperature dropped sharply, and the cold and warm air confronted each other, resulting in rainy weather along the Huaihe River, and the continuous rainy days led to the coldest day in the same period in history.

　　The recent frequent cold air activities will have an impact on the drought in the Yangtze River basin in China. Peng Jingbei, a senior engineer in lasg, analyzed that, on average, the precipitation in autumn in the Yangtze River basin is less than that in summer. Precipitation often occurs in areas where cold and warm air meet. When the cold and warm air forces are equal, it is easy to have continuous precipitation. However, since October, China has been hit by strong cold air one after another. On October 8-9, windy weather appeared in Beijing and other places, with gusts of 7-9 and local level of 10. Such a strong wind shows that the cold air is strong, and in this case, it is not easy to sustain heavy precipitation in the southern region. "In fact, on October 5-9, the temperature in the Yangtze River basin was more than 4 C lower than normal, but the meteorological drought in the Yangtze River and its south remained."

　　Will it be colder in winter?

　　After experiencing the latest high temperature warning and the earliest cold wave warning in history, many netizens are worried that autumn is already very cold, will it be colder this winter and will it experience extreme cold wave?

　　Earlier in September, the United Nations World Meteorological Organization (WMO) predicted that La Nina, which began in 2020, would last until the end of this year, which would be the first "triple" La Nina phenomenon in the 21st century.

　　In fact, as early as April-May this year, the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences used the scientific apparatus Earth System Simulator to predict that La Nina events will occur for three consecutive years in 2022-2023, and provided accurate prediction and early warning to relevant departments. In the spring and summer of 2022, the sea surface temperature in the tropical Middle East and Pacific Ocean has been in a relatively cold state all the year round, and the coldness has further intensified since autumn. The latest forecast results show that the current La Nina state will continue and develop in autumn and winter in 2022, reaching its peak in winter.

　　Will the influence of the new round of La Nina be greater than that of the past two rounds? Zheng Fei, a researcher at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that it is impossible to judge at present. On the one hand, there are few examples of La Nina events for three consecutive years in history, so it is impossible to give a statistical conclusion; On the other hand, the intensity of this La Nina event will be in the category of moderate intensity, and how to develop and influence China’s climate in the future still needs to be predicted continuously to enhance its credibility.

　　At the end of September, Xiao Chan, deputy director of the National Climate Center, said at the regular press conference of China Meteorological Bureau that under the background of global warming, the frequency of warm winters has increased since 1986. In the winter after La Nina incident, there were years when the temperature was low. The main characteristics of the abnormal temperature in winter were: the temperature in most parts of the country was lower than normal, especially in northern North China, southern Northeast China, most of southern China, eastern and northern Southwest China, and most of northwest China. After the La Nina incident, the winter precipitation in China mainly shows as follows: a large range of precipitation is less, especially in the eastern part of Northeast China, along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, in the southern part of Southwest China, and in northern Xinjiang. There is more precipitation in the northern part of southwest China and the eastern part of northwest China.

　　However, Xiao Chan also pointed out that La Nina event is only one of the external forcing factors that affect China’s winter climate. China’s winter climate is also affected by Arctic sea ice, Eurasian snow and other factors, and the natural variability within the atmospheric system also plays an important role. The Meteorological Bureau will strengthen the judgment and provide more detailed forecast opinions in late October.

　　Zheng Fei believes that under the synergistic influence of La Nina event and the warm Arctic Ocean, the cold air activity in China is likely to continue to be strong this winter, and it is prone to staged low temperature and extreme cold events. At present, based on the warm Arctic sea temperature in the previous period and the possibility of La Nina events in the future, it is predicted that the temperature in some parts of northern China will be slightly lower this winter, which may lead to staged low temperature due to the influence of staged cold air, and the possibility of extreme cold wave outbreak is high; In some parts of the south, there is the possibility of disasters such as low temperature, freezing, rain and snow, so we need to be vigilant and raise our awareness of prevention.

　　Luo Jingjia, a national distinguished professor of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, also said in an interview with Modern Express that for East Asia, the winter under the influence of La Nina will be colder. However, the emission of carbon dioxide is increasing, and the degree of coldness may not be so obvious compared with the previous La Ni? a event, which may not cause a very cold winter, but its cooling may be reflected by the occurrence of a cold wave phenomenon. "Therefore, we should pay special attention to the number and intensity of possible cold waves this winter."

　　Expert: Extreme cold events tend to increase.

　　In the past summer, there were rare high temperature and heat waves in all parts of the northern hemisphere. Most parts of China are also shrouded in high temperature, and high temperatures above 40 C continue to appear in many places. Global warming, why is there a strong cold wave?

　　Many experts said that there is no contradiction between strong cold wave and global warming. It is in the context of global warming that the climate is more unstable, with the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as rainstorm, high temperature heat wave, drought and flood in summer, extreme low temperature and cold wave in winter increasing. For example, from December 2020 to January 2021, China suffered from extreme cold waves one after another, resulting in large-scale cooling and extreme low temperatures in many places.

　　Zhao Liang, a senior engineer in lasg, told China Newsweek that from the statistics of frequency, in the past 20 years, the number of cold wave days in winter in China showed a downward trend as a whole, but there was a great difference in time and space. Spatially, the reduction of cold wave days mainly occurred in the south, but the number of cold wave days in the north, especially in the northeast, did not decrease. In time, the frequency of strong cold waves is more in the first half of winter, and the reduction of cold waves is mainly concentrated in the second half of winter (February).

　　It is worth noting that since 2008, the average minimum temperature of the coldest winter period in eastern China, that is, the strongest cold wave events every year, is lower than that in the 1980s and 1990s, that is to say, the strong cold wave events have an increasing trend.

　　Zhao Liang further analyzed that the change characteristics of cold events in China are closely related to the important changes of atmospheric circulation and polar system in the northern hemisphere caused by global warming. Among them, the warming of the Arctic in winter and the cooling of the mid-latitude continent — — That is to say, the warm Arctic-cold continent phenomenon is an important change pattern. This phenomenon has an important connection with the outbreak of extreme cold events in mid-latitudes, including China, especially aggravating the strong cooling events in northern China.

　　"With the persistence of global climate anomalies, it seems that the extreme cold (cold wave) event in the northern hemisphere in winter has been ‘ Home-cooked meals ’ . But there is great uncertainty about where and when it will happen, "said Yao Yao, an associate researcher at the Institute of Atmospheric Sciences. The continuous increase of greenhouse gases has made the earth warmer and warmer, and the atmosphere on which human beings depend has become increasingly unstable. For the northern hemisphere, polar vortex will become unstable more easily in winter. Under the guidance of favorable atmospheric circulation system, cold air will break through the westerly jet barrier more easily and frequently, and then be transported to middle and low latitudes, causing extremely cold (cold wave) weather.

　　For the early warning of extreme cold events, Zheng Fei stressed that short-term weather forecast and climate trend forecast for more than two weeks should be strengthened to improve the prevention and early warning of freezing rain and snow disasters. At the same time, agriculture, animal husbandry, energy and transportation industries need to pay close attention to the early warning of freezing rain and snow disasters and formulate effective preventive measures and emergency plans.

CCTV News:According to the website of the People’s Bank of China, on July 28th, the central bank released a statistical report on the loan investment of financial institutions in the second quarter of 2023.

According to the statistics of the People’s Bank of China, at the end of the second quarter of 2023, the balance of RMB loans of financial institutions was 230.58 trillion yuan, up 11.3% year-on-year; In the first half of the year, RMB loans increased by 15.73 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.06 trillion yuan over the same period of last year.

First, loans from enterprises and institutions grew steadily, and the growth rate of medium and long-term loans increased more.

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, the loan balance of local and foreign currency enterprises and institutions was 152.21 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.5%, and the growth rate was 0.1 percentage point lower than that at the end of last year; In the first half of the year, it increased by 12.86 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.3 trillion yuan year-on-year.

In terms of terms, the balance of short-term loans and bill financing was 52.8 trillion yuan, up 6.8% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 6.2 percentage points lower than that at the end of last year. In the first half of the year, it increased by 3.01 trillion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 2.24 trillion yuan. The balance of medium and long-term loans was 95.96 trillion yuan, up 17.9% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 3.4 percentage points higher than the end of last year. In the first half of the year, it increased by 9.68 trillion yuan, an increase of 3.45 trillion yuan year-on-year.

In terms of purposes, the balance of fixed assets loans was 63.7 trillion yuan, up 14.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 2.8 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year. The balance of operating loans was 62.87 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 15%, and the growth rate was 2.3 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year.

Second, the growth rate of medium and long-term loans in industry, service industry and infrastructure industry continued to increase.

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, the balance of medium and long-term loans in local and foreign currency industries was 20.2 trillion yuan, up 32.4% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 21.8 percentage points higher than that of various loans and 5.9 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year. In the first half of the year, it increased by 3.19 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.39 trillion yuan year-on-year. Among them, the balance of medium and long-term loans for heavy industry was 17.24 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 32.2%, and the growth rate was 6.7 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year; The balance of medium and long-term loans for light industry was 2.96 trillion yuan, up 33.6% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 1.1 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year.

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, the balance of medium and long-term loans in local and foreign currency service industries was 60.75 trillion yuan, up 14% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 2.8 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year. In the first half of the year, it increased by 5.05 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.67 trillion yuan year-on-year. The balance of medium and long-term loans in the real estate industry increased by 7.1% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 3.1 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year.

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, the balance of medium and long-term loans in local and foreign currency infrastructure industry was 35.93 trillion yuan, up 15.8% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 2.8 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year. In the first half of the year, it increased by 3.25 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.1 trillion yuan year-on-year.

Third, loans in various fields in inclusive finance maintained a relatively high growth rate.

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, the balance of Pratt & Whitney small and micro loans was 27.69 trillion yuan, up 26.1% year-on-year, the growth rate was 2.3 percentage points higher than the end of last year, and it increased by 3.9 trillion yuan in the first half of the year, up 1.16 trillion yuan year-on-year; The balance of loans for farmers’ production and operation was 8.86 trillion yuan, up 18.3% year-on-year; The balance of business guarantee loans was 298.1 billion yuan, up 14.6% year-on-year; The balance of student loans was 169.6 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 21.6%.

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, the balance of loans for people out of poverty nationwide was 1.11 trillion yuan, up 13.2% year-on-year, and 485.3 billion yuan was distributed in the first half of the year.

Fourth, the rapid growth of green loans

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, the balance of green loans in local and foreign currencies was 27.05 trillion yuan, up 38.4% year-on-year, 0.1 percentage point lower than the end of last year, 27.8 percentage points higher than the growth rate of various loans, and 5.45 trillion yuan higher than the beginning of the year. Among them, loans to projects with direct and indirect carbon emission reduction benefits were 9.6 and 8.44 trillion yuan respectively, accounting for 66.7% of the total green loans.

In terms of purposes, the loan balances of green infrastructure upgrading industry, clean energy industry and energy conservation and environmental protection industry were 11.85 trillion yuan, 6.8 trillion yuan and 3.93 trillion yuan respectively, up by 34.3%, 35% and 49.2% respectively, up by 2.14 trillion yuan, 1.26 trillion yuan and 954.9 billion yuan respectively from the beginning of the year. In terms of industries, the balance of green loans in power, heat, gas and water production and supply industries was 6.43 trillion yuan, up 26.6% year-on-year, up 926.4 billion yuan from the beginning of the year; The balance of green loans in transportation, warehousing and postal services was 5 trillion yuan, up 13.9% year-on-year, up 465.5 billion yuan from the beginning of the year.

V. The growth rate of agricultural loans continued to grow.

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, the balance of agricultural loans in local and foreign currencies was 54.64 trillion yuan, up 16% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 2 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year. In the first half of the year, it increased by 5.47 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.4 trillion yuan year-on-year.

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, the balance of rural (county and below) loans was 45.6 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 16.1%, and the growth rate was 2.6 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year; In the first half of the year, it increased by 4.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.38 trillion yuan year-on-year. The balance of farmers’ loans was 16.31 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.4%, and the growth rate was 2.2 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year; In the first half of the year, it increased by 1.32 trillion yuan, an increase of 359 billion yuan. The balance of agricultural loans was 5.67 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 14.7%, and the growth rate was 4 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year; In the first half of the year, it increased by 583.8 billion yuan, an increase of 196.6 billion yuan.

Sixth, the growth rate of real estate loans declined.

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, the balance of RMB real estate loans was 53.37 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 0.5%, which was 1 percentage point lower than the growth rate at the end of last year; In the first half of the year, it increased by 154.9 billion yuan, accounting for 1% of the increase in various loans during the same period.

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, the balance of real estate development loans was 13.1 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.3%, and the growth rate was 1.6 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year. The balance of individual housing loans was 38.6 trillion yuan, down 0.7% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 1.9 percentage points lower than that at the end of last year.

Seven, loans to support science and technology enterprises.

By the end of the second quarter of 2023, there were 211,900 small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises supported by loans, with a loan rate of 46.7%, 2.1 percentage points higher than the end of last year. The balance of local and foreign currency loans of small and medium-sized science and technology enterprises was 2.4 trillion yuan, up 25.1% year-on-year, 0.8 percentage points higher than the end of last year.

Eight, the growth rate of household consumption loans rebounded, and operating loans maintained a relatively fast growth rate.

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, the balance of household loans in local and foreign currencies was 78.57 trillion yuan, up 6.1% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 0.7 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year. In the first half of the year, it increased by 2.8 trillion yuan, an increase of 611.6 billion yuan year-on-year.

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, the balance of household consumer loans (excluding personal housing loans) in local and foreign currencies was 18.75 trillion yuan, up 12.4% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 8.3 percentage points higher than that at the end of last year. In the first half of the year, it increased by 717.1 billion yuan, an increase of 607.6 billion yuan. The balance of household operating loans was 21.22 trillion yuan, up 19.5% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 3 percentage points higher than the end of last year; In the first half of the year, it increased by 2.3 trillion yuan, an increase of 759.1 billion yuan.