Recently, Bali, Indonesia has been particularly lively, and it is rare for the leaders of the world’s major economies to reunite face to face here.

　　In today’s world, crises are superimposed and all countries have difficulties. Everyone’s urgency can also be seen from the intensive activities. During the G20 Summit, the participating countries arranged a number of bilateral and multilateral meetings. Communication, very frequent.

　　Among them, China’s leaders are particularly busy.

　　In addition to attending the G20 Summit, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader held bilateral meetings with leaders of many countries during the meeting.

　　In fact, the leaders of some countries, as soon as they landed in Indonesia, said in an interview that they would meet with China.

　　Why did the international community expect China’s voice so much? Master Tan found the answer from six details in the meeting.

　　Let’s take a look first. In Bali, which countries’ leaders met with China:

　　US President Biden

　　French President Macron

　　Dutch Prime Minister Rutte

　　South African President Ramaphosa

　　Australian Prime Minister Albanese

　　South Korean President Yin Xiyue

　　Senegalese President Salle

　　Argentine President Fernandez

　　Spanish Prime Minister Sanchez

　　Indonesian President Joko

　　Italian Prime Minister meloni

　　The Chairman of the Supreme Leader met with many foreign leaders here.

　　These countries are very representative. Geographically, it covers Europe, North America, South America, Africa, Oceania and Asia. From the distance, there are Argentina, the country farthest from China in the world, and South Korea, a neighboring country across the sea from China.

　　Judging from the development stage, there are the United States, the world’s largest economy, and Senegal, one of the least developed countries in the world. Each country has different development stages and faces different problems, and they all want to talk to China.

　　Why? The answer is hidden in the speech of the Chairman of the Supreme Leader at the G20 Summit.

　　The common development of all countries is the real development. World prosperity and stability cannot be based on the fact that the poor get poorer and the rich get richer. Every country wants to live a good life, and modernization is not the privilege of any country. The leading countries should sincerely help other countries develop and provide more global public goods. If a big country wants to be a big country, it should make every effort for global development.

　　In the face of the global economic development dilemma, if you want to break the situation, big countries have to take responsibility.

　　It is not easy to take responsibility. Take this G20 Summit as an example. In order to let countries discuss the critical problems of economic recovery, Indonesian media appealed to the leaders of the participating countries before the meeting, "Please don’t just quarrel when you come to Bali", and then directly named the G7 countries including the United States.

　　However, this effort was failed on the second day of the conference — — Some countries "pulled a small circle" to discuss the missile explosion in Poland, and pulled the topic to camp confrontation, which also affected the agenda of the G20 summit.

Leaders of G7 countries arranged an emergency meeting on missile explosion in Poland.

　　Enlarging regional issues by intensifying ideological confrontation, but avoiding talking about the common problems of the wider international community, is the behavior of some countries.

　　In contrast, China said this:

　　Food and energy security are the most urgent challenges in the field of global development.

　　We must resolutely oppose the politicization, instrumentalization and weaponization of food and energy issues, cancel unilateral sanctions and lift restrictions on related scientific and technological cooperation.

　　Everyone knows who he is talking about. Whether it is the most serious food and energy security problem or the most prominent inflation problem in the global economy, everyone knows who is the initiator.

　　China is concerned about the food crisis and has also provided a solution to this crisis.

　　Just a few days ago, an international forum on "Hybrid Rice Foreign Aid and World Food Security" was held. Since 1979, China’s hybrid rice has spread to nearly 70 countries on five continents, providing a Chinese solution to the food crisis for developing countries. The rice bowl is related to development and safety.

　　The world needs the attitude and voice to solve these problems.

　　Many countries met with China are developed countries.

　　What role should developed countries play in the current global issues? The Chairman of the Supreme Leader made it clear at the G20 Summit:

　　It is necessary to curb global inflation and resolve systemic economic and financial risks, especially in developed economies, to reduce the negative spillover effect of monetary policy adjustment and stabilize debt at a sustainable level.

　　Developed countries should bear great responsibility for many problems in the current world economy.

　　The negative spillover effect of monetary policy adjustment in developed countries triggered the crisis, but now, developed countries are facing the situation of "getting burned".

　　The inflation level of several developed countries in the G20 has mostly hit a new high in decades. In order to curb inflation, developed countries have started to raise interest rates substantially, which has triggered a global "interest rate hike".

　　As a result, the world economy has fallen into the most serious economic slowdown. However, in this context, it never rains but it pours.

　　The interest rate hike has caused the debt service cost of many countries to soar, which has also triggered the risk of debt crisis. The debt service burden of middle-income developing countries has been at the highest level in 30 years.

　　The world economy is facing the risk of recession, and everyone is having a hard time, with developing countries bearing the brunt. Crisis superposition, the supreme leader chairman put forward China’s solution:

　　IMF should speed up the process of lending special drawing rights to low-income countries. International financial institutions and commercial creditors, as the main creditors of developing countries, should participate in debt relief actions for developing countries.

　　In fact, as early as the G20 Summit in 2020, a preliminary initiative to alleviate the debt dilemma of low-income countries was formed, but developed countries were not active.

　　China, on the other hand, has implemented the largest amount of debt relief among G20 members, and the total amount of debt relief is the largest among G20 members, providing an important safety buffer for the global debt crisis.

　　The fundamental means to solve these problems is development.

　　However, developed countries have been experiencing low economic growth for many years. What these countries care about is "more cakes".

　　China, on the other hand, has been making a big cake. From 2013 to 2021, the average contribution rate of China to world economic growth was 38.6%, which exceeded the sum of the contribution rates of G7 countries.

　　Developed countries are not only unable to solve their own problems, but also unable to solve their own development problems.

　　China, which put forward the global development initiative, has become one of the few countries that can come up with solutions to development problems. Countries trapped in development will naturally look to China.

　　During the G20 summit, there was a bilateral meeting that was particularly worth talking about. That is the bilateral meeting between the leaders of China and South Korea. After three years, the leaders of China and South Korea met again.

Chinese and South Korean leaders meet

　　The regular press conference of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the 15th also specifically explained this bilateral meeting: this is the first official meeting between the two heads of state, which is of great significance.

　　South Korea is one of the few developed countries in Asia, and the topics discussed by China and South Korea are also very special. Master Tan noticed that there was such a word in the news released after the meeting — — High-tech manufacturing.

　　The significance of high-tech manufacturing to the Korean economy is particularly different. Shortly before this meeting, South Korea’s Ministry of Finance issued a warning that exports, as the main driving force of South Korea’s economy, were in a downturn. Under this background, South Korea’s economic growth may slow down.

　　The semiconductor industry accounts for nearly 20% of South Korea’s total exports. In July this year, South Korea’s chip exports fell by 22.7%, the first decline in the past three years.

　　The most direct reason is American policy — — The Chip and Science Act of the United States wooed Korean companies to set up factories in the United States through subsidies, with the intention of "hollowing out" the Korean chip industry.

　　Not only that, the United States also set up a "four-way alliance for chips", asking South Korea and other allies to follow its export restrictions to China, with the intention of forcing South Korea to decouple from China in the chip industry chain. China is the largest chip market in South Korea. According to the survey data, South Korea’s chip exports to China have increased nearly 13 times in the past 20 years.

　　The United States suppressed South Korea’s chip manufacturing capacity on the one hand and stuck South Korea’s chip exports on the other. This kind of behavior of artificially cutting off the supply chain of the industrial chain has also put great pressure on the Korean economy.

　　How to solve the problem of industrial chain supply chain is one of the most talked-about questions by the Chairman of the Supreme Leader on various occasions in G20. At the G20 Summit, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader said this:

　　Countries should respect each other, seek common ground while reserving differences, coexist peacefully, promote the construction of an open world economy, and should not beggar their neighbors and build a "small courtyard and high wall""Engage in a closed and exclusive "small circle."

　　Who is beggar-thy-neighbour? Who is building a "small courtyard high wall"? Everyone knows it. How to choose, in the face of the President of South Korea, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader made it very clear:

　　Jointly safeguard the international free trade system, ensure the safety, stability and smoothness of the global industrial chain supply chain, and oppose the politicization and pan-security of economic cooperation.

　　Similar expressions also appeared in the exchanges between Chinese and Dutch leaders.

　　The Chairman of the Supreme Leader mentioned that China and the Netherlands should oppose the politicization of economic and trade issues and maintain the stability of the global industrial chain supply chain. Dutch Prime Minister Ruyt also expressed his willingness to expand dialogue and cooperation with China in areas such as innovation.

　　The Netherlands is also an important link in the global chip industry chain — — Mask aligner giant ASML (ASML) is a Dutch company. Earlier, the United States also blocked the mask aligner deal between the Netherlands and China.

　　Whether countries choose to decouple or connect, the exchange of leaders is the best response.

　　The meeting between Chinese and Australian leaders at G20 was six years later.

Australian Prime Minister Albanese arrived in Bali on November 14th and was interviewed by the media at the airport.

　　As soon as the plane landed, Australian Prime Minister Albanese released the idea of meeting China’s leaders to the media all over the world. Look at three sentences mentioned by Albanese to the media:

　　With goodwill

　　No preconditions.

　　Looking forward to constructive dialogue.

　　These three sentences have touched the root of the problems in China-Australia relations in recent years.

　　China-Australia relations have long been at the forefront of China’s relations with developed countries. The problem appeared after Australia stopped taking the road of independent development and actively or passively joined the "small circle".

　　The "Quad(Quadrilateral Security Dialogue)" mechanism of the United States, Japan, India and Australia, the trilateral security partnership between the United States, Britain and Australia, and the "2+2" talks between the United States and Australia, one after another, each has Australia. Jumping up and down around China, it is the cooperation between the two countries that suffers, and it is yourself that suffers.

　　In the past two years, many Australian officials have called on China to communicate with China, but China didn’t answer the phone. This time, we finally had an opportunity to meet, and Australian officials kept releasing signals to improve relations with China before departure.

　　This bilateral meeting, which Australia has been waiting for for six years, is 12 minutes longer than originally planned. China has felt the sincerity of the Australian side. During the meeting, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader said:

　　China attaches importance to Australia’s recent willingness to improve and develop bilateral relations.

　　Chairman of the Supreme Leader also mentioned:

　　There has never been a fundamental conflict of interest between China and Australia. Some are the traditional friendship between the two peoples and the highly complementary economic structure, and some are the common demands of safeguarding the purposes and principles of the UN Charter.

　　As both important countries in the Asia-Pacific region, China and Australia should improve, maintain and develop bilateral relations, which is not only in the fundamental interests of the two peoples, but also conducive to promoting peace and development in the Asia-Pacific region and the world.

　　Two sentences, two meanings.

　　On the first floor, China is a big market and a major trading partner of more than 140 countries and regions. At this time of global economic difficulties, everyone wants to cooperate with China precisely because of complementarity.

　　The second layer, Australia, is an "important" country, but the key is whether to take the road of its own development independently to unite and cooperate, or to follow others’ footsteps to confront competition step by step.

　　Just as the Chairman of the Supreme Leader quoted an Indonesian proverb: "Sugarcane grows in the same hole and citronella grows in clusters".

　　Whether separatist confrontation can go on or not has been proved by practical actions in Australia.

　　China has always shared the same fate and development with developing countries. Among the developing China countries that met with China, one was very special — — Senegal.

China-Serbia leaders meet

　　When communicating with the Chairman of the Supreme Leader, Senegalese President Salle expressed his gratitude:

　　Thank China for its valuable help to Serbia and African countries, and for being the first to publicly support the AU’s initiative to join the G20.

　　The reason is that in his speech at the G20 Summit, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader proposed to the participating members:China supports the African Union’s accession to the G20.

　　Senegalese President Salle is the current rotating chairman of the African Union. The African region is an unbalanced point that global governance urgently needs to break through.

　　As a whole, Africa is the eighth largest economy in the world, but Africa still lacks the right to speak in the world economy. In the G20, Africa has only one representative, South Africa.

　　What’s more, as one of the most vulnerable economies, countries in Africa are also the forefront of the impact of the world economic situation. At present, these countries are facing the dual dilemma of weak development foundation and repression by the United States and Western countries.

　　Take Senegal itself.

　　Not long ago, Senegal discovered a new oil and gas field and plans to exploit it next year — — These resources will provide new impetus for Senegal’s economic development.

　　Some western media have smeared it as "a suffocating new pollution source that causes global warming".

　　At the same time, at the United Nations Climate Change Conference being held this year, developed countries are still evading relevant responsibilities — — More than a decade ago, developed countries promised to provide at least $100 billion a year to help developing countries cope with climate change. Today, this fund has not been fully fulfilled.

　　This year, the President of Senegal attended the G20 Summit, and part of his appeal was to hold developed countries accountable for their commitments.

　　At the beginning of the meeting between China and Serbia, the consensus was that the two sides should go hand in hand on the road of development and revitalization. As a pioneer of economic transformation and upgrading in developing countries, China’s experience sharing in industrialization is a feasible and credible reference and help for Senegal.

　　Seen from the framework of G20, G20 has completed self-innovation by absorbing and developing China countries.

　　During the two financial crises in 1990s and 2008, G20 successively established a meeting mechanism of finance ministers and central bank governors and a summit mechanism of leaders, which included the growing emerging economies in the governance map of the global economy. In 2016, China, as the presidency, listed the "digital economy" in the G20′ s blueprint for innovative growth for the first time, giving an important plan for global economic recovery.

　　As the largest developing country, China is not only providing development samples for other developing countries, but also helping them to expand their discourse space in global governance.

　　The G20 Summit is coming to an end, and the Chairman of the Supreme Leader held talks with Indonesian Prime Minister Joko.

　　Before the talks, the Supreme Leader and Zoco first watched the Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway test run together by video. This project will shorten the travel time from Jakarta to Bandung from more than three hours to 40 minutes.

The trial operation of Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway, which was jointly built by China and Indonesia, was a complete success.

　　Because of Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway, Indonesia has also become the first ASEAN country with high-speed rail. The "first one" is worthy of pride, but it is also embarrassing.

　　Like most developing countries and least developed countries, Indonesia has experienced western colonial rule, but the first industrialized western countries have never helped these developing countries build a modern railway.

　　It’s not that the West has not helped other countries, such as Argentina. However, developing countries such as Argentina have to sell their national resources or be forced to privatize their national pillar industries when receiving assistance from western countries, and they are infiltrated and controlled by the aid countries. On the contrary, there are many lessons from the past that seriously weaken the country’s industrialization ability.

　　When the "leading" developed countries can’t provide new public goods for the world, the "Belt and Road Initiative" is exactly what China provides to the world.

　　Argentina, whose development was once in the forefront of the world, has now become a representative who is difficult to get out of the development dilemma. The solution that Argentina is looking for is also the "Belt and Road".

　　At the G20 Summit, Argentine President Fernandez was hospitalized for health problems, but he still insisted on meeting with the Chairman of the Supreme Leader.

　　Shortly before meeting with the Chairman of the Supreme Leader, he personally discussed railway and highway construction projects in several provinces of Argentina with China Railway International Group Co., Ltd.

　　In cooperation with China’s Belt and Road Initiative, products from Argentina’s grain-producing areas, known as the "granary of the world", can be transported to coastal ports for export by low-cost railway, thus reviving the price advantage in international competition, which will improve Argentina’s trade structure and bring more foreign exchange income. This is a real solid step for Argentina, which has repeatedly faced sovereign debt problems, to get out of the "vicious circle" of debt default, international financing difficulties and stagnant development.

　　For any country, the core concern is still development.

　　China’s thinking to solve the development problem lies not only in the immediate benefits, but also in providing public goods to help other countries truly acquire long-term development capabilities.

　　Next year will be the tenth anniversary of the "Belt and Road Initiative", and there will be more and more common witnesses to the world significance of China’s program.

　　At the G20 Summit, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader once again asked the question of "What’s wrong with the world? What shall we do?".

　　This is a problem that every country has to face in this era.

　　China, has given his own answer.

　　The road is wide, and it can be controlled.

　　And what people want, the road can be achieved.

　　Zhang Youxia, male, Han nationality, born in July 1950 in Weinan, Shaanxi Province, joined the army in December 1968 and joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) in May 1969. He graduated from the Basic Department of Military Academy with a college degree.

　　He is currently the vice chairman of members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and CPC Central Military Commission of the 19th CPC, the vice chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) of the People’s Republic of China and the rank of general.

　　1968-1971 Soldiers of the Sixth Company of the 119th Regiment of the 40th Division of the 14th Army of the Army

　　1971-1977 Staff of the Training Unit of the 119 Regiment Command of the 40th Division of the 14th Army.

　　1977-1979 Company Commander, 3rd Battalion, 19th Regiment, 40th Division, 14th Army

　　1979-1979 Chief of the Training Unit of the 118th Regiment Command of the 40th Division of the 14th Army.

　　1979-1981 Chief of Staff of the 118th Regiment of the 40th Division of the 14th Army.

　　1981-1983 Deputy Head of the 118th Regiment of the 40th Division of the 14th Army.

　　1983-1984 Head of the 119 th Regiment of the 40th Division of the 14th Army.

　　1984-1987 Deputy Commander of the 40th Division of the 14th Army of the Army (during this period: studying in the Basic Department of the Military Academy from 1984 to 1986)

　　1987-1990 Deputy Commander of the 40th Division of the 14th Army of the Army

　　1990-1994 Division Commander of the 40th Division of the 14th Army of the Army

　　1994-2000 Deputy Commander of the 13th Army of the Army (during this period: March 1996-January 1997, he studied in the Contract Campaign Command Class of the National Defense University)

　　2000-2005 Commander of the 13th Army of the Army

　　2005-2007 Deputy Commander of Beijing Military Region

　　2007-2012 Commander shenyang military area command

　　2012-2013 Members of the CPC Central Military Commission, Minister of General Armament Department of PLA.

　　2013-2015 Members of the CPC Central Military Commission, member of the Central Military Commission (CMC), People’s Republic of China (PRC), Minister of General Armament Department of PLA.

　　2015-2017 Members of the CPC Central Military Commission, member of the Central Military Commission (CMC), People’s Republic of China (PRC), Director of Equipment Development Department of Central Military Commission.

　　2017-2017 Members of the CPC Central Military Commission, member of the Central Military Commission (CMC), People’s Republic of China (PRC)

　　2017-2018 members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, Vice Chairman of CPC Central Military Commission, Member of the Central Military Commission (CMC), People’s Republic of China (PRC)

　　2018-members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, Vice Chairman CPC Central Military Commission, Vice Chairman the Central Military Commission (CMC) of the People’s Republic of China

　　Member of the 17th, 18th and 19th CPC Central Committee, 19th members of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee. Members of the CPC Central Military Commission was appointed at the First Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee. The first session of the 12th National People’s Congress was appointed as a member of People’s Republic of China (PRC) the Central Military Commission (CMC). The First Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee served as Vice Chairman CPC Central Military Commission. The first session of the 13th National People’s Congress was appointed as the vice chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) of the People’s Republic of China. (Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 18th)

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Marxism has provided a powerful ideological weapon for China’s revolution, construction and reform, and made China, an ancient oriental country, create an unprecedented development miracle in human history.". Under the guidance of Marxism, the Communist Party of China (CPC) United and led the people of China to forge ahead and make unremitting efforts, and achieved great victories and brilliant achievements in revolution, construction and reform. Practice has fully proved that adhering to the guiding position of Marxism is the choice of history and people.

　　Marxism is a scientific theory.

　　History and people choose Marxism because Marxism is a scientific world outlook and methodology. The scientific and revolutionary nature of Marxist theory stems from the scientific world outlook and methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, which provides us with a powerful ideological weapon to understand and transform the world and points out the correct direction for world socialism.

　　Marxism profoundly reveals the universal laws of the development of nature, human society and human thinking, points out the direction for the development and progress of human society, and provides us with a scientific understanding tool for observing the world, analyzing problems and solving contradictions. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "In the history of human thought, no ideological theory can reach the height of Marxism in terms of scientificity, truth, influence and communication, and no theory can have such a huge impact on the world like Marxism." Although the era we live in has undergone tremendous and profound changes compared with that of Marx, from the perspective of 500 years of world socialism, we are still in the historical era pointed out by Marxism. No matter how the world changes, Marxism still occupies the commanding heights of truth and morality, and it is still an ideological system and discourse system with great international influence.

　　Marxism can take root in the land of China and the hearts of the people of China, and become the fundamental guiding ideology of the cause of the party and the country, relying on the power of scientific truth. Under the guidance of Marxism, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people led the people of China to complete the new-democratic revolution, realize national independence and people’s liberation, completely end the history of the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society in old China and open a new historical era; Completing the socialist revolution, establishing the basic socialist system and promoting socialist construction have laid a solid foundation for China’s prosperity, strength, development and progress; Carry out the new great revolution of reform and opening up, create, persist in and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics, greatly liberate and develop social productive forces, greatly enhance the vitality of social development, and achieve great achievements in socialist modernization. All these have confirmed the scientificity and truth of Marxism.

　　Marxism is the theory of the people.

　　History and people choose Marxism because Marxism is the theory of the people. Marxism explores the road of human freedom and liberation from the standpoint of the people, emphasizing relying on the people to advance history and promote human liberation, which points out the direction for the ultimate establishment of an ideal society without oppression, exploitation, equality and freedom for all.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Marxism is profound and profound. In the final analysis, it is a sentence, seeking liberation for mankind." The question of why people are a fundamental and principled one. Adhering to the people’s position, representing the people’s interests and standing on the people’s side are the fundamental positions of Marxism. Marxism can be carried forward, full of vitality and have a wide and profound impact in China. One of the important reasons is that this scientific theory always adheres to the people’s position and takes the pursuit of the liberation of all mankind, including the people of China, and the free and all-round development of human beings as its own responsibility. Over the past 100 years, in the historical process of seeking happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation, our party has firmly established the fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly and has always taken the people’s position as its fundamental political position; Carry out all the mass line of serving the masses, relying on the masses, coming from the masses and going to the masses; Adhere to the people-oriented, ruling for the people concept; Take the people’s support, disapproval, happiness and disapproval as the fundamental criterion to measure the gains and losses of all work; Wait a minute.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "It is the initial intention of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to seek happiness for the people. We must always remember this initial heart and always take the people’s yearning for a better life as our goal. " Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has persisted in taking the people’s yearning for a better life as the goal, adhering to the people-centered development thought, and persisting in the initial intention and mission of seeking happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. On the basis of continuing to promote development, it has made great efforts to solve the problem of insufficient development imbalance, vigorously improve the quality and efficiency of development, and better meet the growing needs of the people in economic, political, cultural, social and ecological aspects. Grasping the most direct and realistic interests that the people are most concerned about, constantly safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood, promoting social fairness and justice, achieving at a higher level education for young children, learning and teaching, income from labor, medical care for the sick, support for the old, shelter and support for the weak, making people’s sense of well-being, happiness and security more substantial, more secure and more sustainable, and making continuous progress towards achieving common prosperity for all people, vividly explaining.

　　Marxism is a practical theory.

　　History and people choose Marxism because Marxism is a practical theory. The foundation and motivation of truth knowledge is practice, and the standard for testing truth is practice in the final analysis. Marx said: "The degree to which theory is realized in a country always depends on the degree to which theory meets the needs of this country." History and people choose Marxism precisely because Marxism meets the practical needs of China and has stood the test again and again in practice.

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Marxism is not a study, but was founded to change the historical destiny of the people, formed in the practice of people’s liberation, and enriched and developed in the practice of people’s liberation, providing a powerful spiritual force for people to understand and transform the world." Marxism not only looks at and explains the world from the viewpoint of practice, but also emphasizes changing the world with practice. The viewpoint of practice and the viewpoint of life are the basic viewpoints of Marxist epistemology, and practicality is the remarkable feature that distinguishes Marxist theory from other theories. As Marx said, "All social life is practical in essence" and "Philosophers only interpret the world in different ways, and the problem is to change the world". To grasp the practical characteristics of Marxism, we should link Marxism with the historical practice in China since modern times, especially with the practice in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Under the guidance of Marxism and the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese nation has made a great leap from the sick man of East Asia to the station, from standing up to becoming rich, and from becoming rich to becoming strong, which fully demonstrates the practical power of Marxism.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the face of the weak recovery of the world economy, frequent local conflicts and turmoil, and intensified global problems, and a series of profound changes in China’s economic and social development, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has adhered to Marxism as the guidance, constantly promoted theoretical innovation based on practice, put forward a series of new ideas, new ideas and new strategies, promulgated a series of major principles and policies, and launched a series of major initiatives. We have promoted a series of major tasks, solved many long-term unsolved problems, accomplished many major events that we wanted to do in the past but failed to do, promoted historic changes in the cause of the party and the state, demonstrated the theoretical quality of China-based Marxism, systematically answered the important issues of what kind of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and how to adhere to and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era from the combination of theory and practice, and opened up a new realm of Marxist development.

　　Marxism is a developing and open theory.

　　History and people choose Marxism because it is an open and developing theory. Marxism is an open theoretical system that develops with the development of times, practice and science. It does not end the truth, but opens the way to the truth. Marxism has profoundly changed China, and China has also greatly enriched Marxism, and the two have developed through interaction. It is the source of Marxism’s eternal vitality to unify the persistence and development of Marxism and constantly create new theories in combination with new practice.

　　Based on the foundation of the times. Marxism was born to meet the needs of the times, always keeping pace with the times and sharing the destiny with the people. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "After long-term efforts, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, which is a new historical orientation for China’s development." This important political conclusion endows the historical mission, theoretical follow-up, objectives and tasks of the Party with new connotation of the times, and provides us with time coordinates and basic basis for profoundly grasping the new stage and new characteristics of the development of contemporary China and scientifically formulating the Party’s line, principles and policies. In the new era, the principal contradictions in our society have changed, the theoretical innovation of the Party has made a new leap, the cause of the Party and the country has set new goals, the relationship between China and the world has opened up a new situation, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) has taken on a new look. To uphold and develop Marxism, we must base ourselves on the foundation of the times, grasp the pulse of the times, listen to the voice of the times, embody the times, grasp the regularity and be creative, and guide new practice with developing Marxism and China Marxism.

　　Answer the question of the times. The key to Marxism’s eternal youthful vitality lies in constantly answering new topics raised by the development of the times and responding to new challenges faced by human society. A history of Marxist development is a history in which Marx, Engels and their successors constantly develop according to the times, practice and understanding, and it is a history in which all outstanding ideological and cultural achievements in human history are constantly absorbed to enrich themselves. A history of Marxism in China is a history of guiding new practice with developing Marxism. To uphold and develop Marxism, we must answer the questions of the times in studying and solving problems, combine the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China in the new era, constantly explore and answer the new topics raised by the development of the times, respond to the new challenges faced by human society, clear up the ideological fog that puzzles and restricts the development of practice, constantly promote the modernization and popularization of Marxism in China, and constantly open up a new realm of Marxist development.

　　Lead the change of the times. The world today is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a century. The international structure and system are undergoing profound adjustments, the global governance system is undergoing profound changes, the international power balance is undergoing the most revolutionary changes in modern times, and there is a major trend that affects the historical process and trends of mankind around the world. Contemporary China is experiencing the most extensive and profound social changes in China’s history, and is also carrying out the most grand and unique practical innovation in human history. We have unimaginably good conditions for development in the past, but we are also faced with all kinds of foreseeable and unpredictable difficulties and challenges. The situation and environment are changing rapidly, the tasks of reform, development and stability are heavy, and the challenges of contradictions and risks are numerous, which is an unprecedented test for our party’s governance. To uphold and develop Marxism, we must lead the changes of the times, profoundly grasp the dialectical relationship between the great changes in the world that have never happened in a hundred years and the overall situation of the great rejuvenation strategy of the Chinese nation, base ourselves on the overall situation, coordinate the overall situation, lead the changes, create new ones, achieve progress in change, break through in change, win in change, and lead the great changes in the world in a direction that is conducive to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and world peace and progress.

　　(The author is a professor of philosophy at Peking University)

CCTV News:The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China（CPC） opened in Beijing on 16th. Many overseas Chinese and overseas students said that they were encouraged by the report made by the Supreme Leader General Secretary, and they had a deep understanding of the development and influence of China in the past ten years.

Wang Dianqi, President of Canadian China (Friendship) Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification:The wonderful and exciting Report to the 20th CPC National Congress, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, is the clarion call for the new journey of the Party and the country, and scientifically and clearly plans the objectives, tasks and major policies for the development of the cause of the Party and the country in the next five years or even longer.

South African Chinese Huang Yongjie:This conference is a milestone event. We overseas Chinese have personally experienced the great changes in China in the new era and ten years. China’s economic strength and international influence have been continuously enhanced. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the living standards of China people have been continuously improved, which has also promoted the development of more other countries in the world and benefited the local people. We overseas Chinese also have a deep understanding of this.

Zheng Zhaoyu, a student at Century University in Malaysia:The grand occasion of The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China（CPC） has greatly inspired our overseas students, and the spirit of "the community of human destiny" put forward by the Supreme Leader General Secretary has also made me feel more deeply the mind and responsibility of the motherland as a responsible big country.

Zhong Lei, Chairman of the Russian Students’ Association in China:The students are sincerely proud of the historic great achievements made by the party and the country in the new era, and are more eager to return to China as soon as possible and contribute to the party and the country.

　　"New Era China Research Bank Yangtze River"

　　Yangtze river trip: from the source of the three rivers to the estuary

　　From June 15 to July 29, the "Yangtze River Tour" team of "Investigation Tour of China in the New Era" walked down the Yangtze River from Tanggula Mountain Town in Sanjiangyuan District to the mouth of the Yangtze River, focusing on the historical achievements in the economic and social development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the turning changes in the ecological protection of the Yangtze River basin in a marching way, showing the vivid practice of high-quality development in the new era.

　　We use drones, crossing machines and cameras to "cross the Yangtze River" and record the beautiful scenery and ecological construction achievements of Dameijiangyuan, colorful Jiangwan, green Yibin, Junxiu Three Gorges, meteorological rivers and lakes and magnificent estuaries.

　　We met face to face with the researchers along the Yangtze River, and witnessed the "Yangtze River of Science and Technology" through their stories: some of them guarded the "Yangtze Elves" such as Tibetan antelope, Yangtze sturgeon and finless porpoise, some monitored the subtle changes of Yulong Snow Mountain and Dongting Lake wetland, and some tracked the phantom of the universe in underground laboratories — — Dark matter, some of which travel to and from Hefei and Shanghai, promotes the rapid development of quantum technology in China … …

　　This micro-documentary reviews the interviews that lasted for more than one month and traveled to Wan Li with a drop of nearly 5,000 meters.

　　Planning: Zheng Wei, Lan Hongguang

　　Coordinator: Wang Yuguo and Jin Liwang

　　Video clip: Zhou Yixiao

　　Reporter: Jin Liwang, Zhang Cheng, Tian Weiwei, Li Mengxin, Zhou Yixiao, Cao Mengyao, Wang Yijie, Qian Yi, Zhang Hongxiang, Jiang Wenyao, Chen Xinbo, Yang Wenbin, Jiang Hongjing, Shen Bohan, Damon, Xu Bingjie, Liu Chan, Huang Wei, Chu Jiayin, Xue Yuge, and so on.

　　Reporter: Zheng Jiayu

　　New Media Editors: Xu Jinquan, Zhou Daqing, Cai Xiangxin, Cheng Tingting.

　　US Editor: Mu Wenchun

　　From July 24th in Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party to the recent entrepreneurs’ forum held by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the multiple positive news about stimulating the real estate market frequently aroused social concern. Among them, topics such as how to ensure the delivery of housing pre-sale, when to reduce the interest rate of stock houses, and the adjustment of restrictive housing purchase policies in first-and second-tier cities have been hotly debated, and there are also many misunderstandings.

　　With all kinds of questions about these hot topics, the reporter from Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star recently had an exclusive conversation with Meng Xiaosu, the former chairman of China Housing Group and the former head of the national housing reform research group, who has the title of "the father of affordable housing in China", and made an in-depth interpretation of the top ten hot real estate topics.

　　"The relationship between supply and demand in China real estate market has undergone major changes"

　　On July 24th this year, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held a meeting to analyze and study the current economic situation and plan economic work in the second half of this year. When talking about the real estate market, it was clearly stated at the meeting for the first time: to adapt to the new situation that the relationship between supply and demand in the real estate market in China has undergone major changes, adjust and optimize the real estate policy in a timely manner. Make good use of the policy toolbox because of the city’s policy, better meet the rigid and improved housing needs of residents, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. At the macro level, what new features does China’s real estate market present? Facing the new development situation, how can we boost the confidence of the real estate market?

　　One question: "housing and not speculating" is no longer applicable to the present?

　　The positioning of "housing and not speculating" has not changed.

　　Q: How should we understand the current supply and demand situation of the real estate market?

　　A: The real estate market has indeed undergone major changes, but we can’t simply say that "the supply of real estate exceeds demand" because we all look at the market under the state of restricted purchase. It’s like counting traffic on a closed road and counting passengers in a closed shopping mall. How can it reflect the real supply and demand situation? In my opinion, to accurately judge the real relationship between supply and demand in the real estate market, we must wait until after "opening roadblocks" and "reopening shopping malls". Only by releasing the restrictive conditions can we judge the normal relationship between supply and demand.

　　Q: Compared with Politburo meeting of the Chinese Communist Party on April 28th, there was no mention of "staying and not speculating" at the meeting on July 24th. Some people thought that this meant that "staying and not speculating" had changed?

　　A: The positioning of "housing and not speculating" has not changed. The central government emphasizes that "houses are for living, not for speculation", which not only emphasizes the residential property of houses, but also does not deny the wealth value property of real estate. What we should guard against is real estate speculation and curb real estate speculation. However, it should be pointed out that there have been some misunderstandings about "living in a house without speculation", and at least three wrong interpretations have been formed by over-exerting it — — First, it is interpreted as "the house is for living, not for ‘ Buy ’ ",restricting residents from buying houses; The second is interpreted as "the house is for living, not for ‘ Sell ’ ",restricting the development of enterprises to sell houses; Third, it is interpreted as "the house is for rent, not for sale", which violates the policy of "both rent and sale". I think we should return to the origin, adhere to the positioning of "houses are for living, not for speculation", and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market.

　　Second question: Will the adjustment of purchase restriction and loan restriction be a trend in more cities?

　　Restrictive requirements shall be stipulated separately in the "Policy for the City"

　　Q: According to the statistics of the Central Finger Research Institute, in the first half of 2023, more than 100 places have introduced real estate control policies over 300 times. According to the current situation of the real estate market, there is a voice that "first-and second-tier cities should completely cancel the restrictions on purchases and loans"?

　　A: The current situation of the real estate market is mainly due to restrictions. In some places, "policy fallacy of composition" and "policy decomposition fallacy" are formed, resulting in insufficient market confidence, which is a comprehensive effect of mutual influence. "Restricted purchase" was implemented when the real estate was overheated, and now the situation in the property market has changed. According to the requirements of "city-specific policy", restrictive requirements can be stipulated separately in some cities and certain sections.

　　Three questions: When will the series of favorable policies be effective?

　　"Real estate policy adjustment usually has a lag period of 9 months"

　　Q: From lowering interest rates to lowering down payment to liberalizing purchase restrictions in some areas, how did the property market react after many favorable policies for real estate were frequently laid out?

　　A: The real estate policy is different from other economic policies, and it takes a long time. Experience tells us that the lag period of real estate policy is generally around 9 months.

　　Q: Is there still resistance to the recovery of the real estate market?

　　A: "The property market economy is a confidence economy". Now the requirements of the central government to adjust the real estate policy have not been put in place in some places. Many restrictive measures issued during the "overheating" period of real estate have not been adjusted, which is the biggest obstacle to the recovery of the real estate market. Although the financial sector has launched a number of preferential credit policies at present, they are all "non-core policies" in the property market policy and belong to auxiliary policies.

　　How to make people dare to buy a house and live in a down-to-earth manner?

　　"Promoting the stable and healthy development of the real estate market" has been mentioned by the central authorities many times. In recent years, property buyers also have a loud voice to resolve the risk of buying a house and cancel the pool area. How to make ordinary people dare to buy a house and live in a down-to-earth manner is also an important part of boosting confidence in buying a house.

　　Four questions: Should the pool area of commercial housing be abolished?

　　"It’s useless to cancel the pool."

　　Q: In recent years, there has been a loud voice from the people to cancel the pool of commercial housing. In July this year, Hefei, Anhui Province also said that it would "explore the pricing of commercial housing sales according to the interior area". In your opinion, should the market cancel pooling?

　　A: I have always been indifferent to the idea of canceling the pool. What really benefits the people is to improve the dual-track housing system and provide affordable housing for low-income families. The pool area is the difference between the building area and the usable area, including outdoor corridors, public stairs, public halls, elevators, etc., which are all parts of the house. Cancelling the pool is just to change the building area before the pool into the usable area after the pool, and change the pool from "dominant existence" to "invisible existence". It is impossible to cancel it, but the algorithm is different.

　　Q: Can exploring pricing by interior area be implemented in multiple cities?

　　A: What people want is to cancel the pool area. But the pool area can’t be without, and houses can’t exist alone. The cancellation of the pool will not reduce the total house price, and the spread price should be included in the remaining usable area. Property buyers may not get any benefits, but the room area is much smaller and the unit house price has increased a lot. Personally, I think it’s useless to cancel the pool. Just mark the pool area clearly. It’s a common practice in China to measure the construction area, and all statistical data are based on the construction area. Of course, the pool area involves building codes and cannot be changed at will, and the design and construction should be more reasonable.

　　Five questions: Should the pre-sale system of commercial housing be stopped?

　　"House prices may rise, and the development capacity of housing enterprises will decrease"

　　Q: In order to prevent the uncompleted development of real estate, there is a great call from the public to cancel the pre-sale system of commercial housing. Many areas have also begun to pilot the existing home sales system. In your opinion, should the pre-sale system of commercial housing be cancelled?

　　A: The "pre-sale system" is an effective practice formed by drawing lessons from overseas experience in the process of commercial housing development in China. Through the early intervention of house buyers, the problem of project construction funds can be solved, and at the same time, house buyers can buy houses in advance at preferential prices. It is possible to carry out the "existing home sales" pilot on some projects, but the house price will definitely be higher than the pre-sale.

　　In my opinion, it is not feasible to "completely cancel the pre-sale system", which means that development enterprises have to bear more capital costs and risk costs, and these costs have to be borne by buyers through sales, and house prices will rise and development risks will increase. For housing enterprises with less abundant self-owned funds, if there is no pre-sale system, it will be difficult to turn over funds. Both "existing home sales" and "pre-sale system" should be allowed.

　　Q: For consumers who buy faster houses, what aspects of system construction need to be improved to reduce the risk of buying houses?

　　A: There is not much problem with the pre-sale system itself. The problem lies in the management and use of the pre-sale housing funds. There are unfinished buildings in the pre-sale houses, which are all problems with supervision. At present, the pre-sale of houses is supervised by a third-party organization, but some supervision is weak, and the housing enterprises have moved the pre-sale to other places; Others are too dead, so that the project construction does not use the advance payment. Both tendencies will make it difficult to "guarantee the delivery of the building" I think a more reasonable way is for the group of property buyers to conduct second-party supervision. Property buyers have a direct interest in the timely delivery of houses, which can avoid illegal misappropriation of funds by real estate enterprises.

　　Six questions: Will reducing the down payment ratio lead to financial risks?

　　"It is reasonable to make a down payment of around 20%"

　　Q: Ni Hong, Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, stressed at the enterprise symposium held at the end of July that policies and measures such as reducing the down payment ratio and loan interest rate for purchasing the first home should be further implemented. If the total house price remains unchanged, will lowering the down payment ratio lead to financial risks?

　　A: When the housing mortgage loan was designed in that year, the down payment ratio matched the bank risk. However, in the later real estate regulation and control, mortgage loan, a financial lever convenient for ordinary families to buy houses, became a means to regulate the purchasing power of the property market, which deviated from the origin of this loan to some extent. The normal proportion of down payment for housing mortgage loan is 20%. The down payment ratio should follow the principle of matching with the bank risk. If the down payment is too low, the bank risk will increase. However, if the down payment is set too high, it will increase the pressure on residents and make it difficult to help ordinary families buy houses.

　　How to protect the housing rights and interests of people who have bought houses and low-income groups?

　　To promote the stability and health of the real estate market, it is necessary to boost the confidence of new home buyers. The adjustment of the interest rate of existing houses and the housing rights and interests of low-income groups have also attracted much attention.

　　Question 7: When and how much will the interest rate of the stock house be lowered?

　　"It should be adjusted to the current level required by the central bank"

　　Q: On July 14th, Zou Lan, director of the Monetary Policy Department of the Central Bank, said that he supported and encouraged commercial banks to negotiate with borrowers to change their contractual agreements independently, or to issue new loans to replace existing loans. On August 1, the central bank made another statement at the working meeting in the second half of 2023: guiding commercial banks to adjust the interest rate of existing individual housing loans in an orderly manner according to law. Should the central bank issue a mandatory document to reduce the interest rate of stock houses?

　　A: According to the central bank’s policy, there are only two ways to lower the interest rate of the stock house, either the two parties directly modify the contract or reissue the loan to replace the original loan. In fact, the essence of these two practices is the same. It is the simplest to modify the contract directly, and there is no problem of violating the contract. In the past, the adjustment of the interest rate of stock loan banks was synchronized in accordance with the provisions of the central bank. It is enough for the central bank to encourage and support commercial banks to reduce interest rates on existing mortgages, and banks will have to accept market-oriented choices in the future.

　　Q: If the interest rate of stock houses is lowered, how much is appropriate?

　　A: I personally think that the interest rate should be lowered according to the current regulations. No matter what the loan interest rate was in the past, it should be lowered to be consistent with the interest rate stipulated by the central bank.

　　Eight questions: Why is the new round of urban village reconstruction concentrated in mega-cities

　　"The population gathering and the shortage of affordable housing are more prominent."

　　Q: In the past three months, the transformation of villages in cities has been mentioned by the central authorities many times. Why is the new round of reconstruction of villages in cities concentrated in mega-cities and mega-cities?

　　A: The transformation of villages in cities is actually a special business in the transformation of old cities. The reason why we should concentrate on mega-cities is because there is a general shortage of houses in those cities, especially the demand for affordable housing is in short supply. For example, in Shenzhen, many migrant workers rent in low-cost villages in the city, and the government is trying to increase the construction of affordable housing, but the relationship between supply and demand is still tense. In third-and fourth-tier cities, this contradiction between supply and demand is not so obvious.

　　Q: Will this round of urban village reconstruction boost housing prices? Will it give birth to "get rich overnight"?

　　A: There is no need to confuse the real intention of shed reform and urban village reform. These two policies are not necessarily related to pushing up housing prices. The change of the real estate market is not a linear transmission, and it will not directly promote the rise of housing prices because of shed reform and village-in-city transformation.

　　The vast majority of people who still live in villages in cities are farmers with poor economic conditions. The valuable land was originally owned by the villagers, but it was the transformation of the village in the city that released the wealth value. The so-called "phenomenon of getting rich" is extremely individual, and most of them just improve their living conditions. Improving farmers’ living standards and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas are the goals we should pursue.

　　How to draw the blueprint of "Home Ownership"?

　　So far, many cities have gradually relaxed all kinds of purchase restriction measures, but many first-and second-tier cities have not adjusted their purchase restriction and loan restriction policies. How to let buyers get the "admission ticket" to enter the property market and how to ensure the realization of the blueprint of "home ownership" are also problems that need to be solved to maintain the stability of the real estate market.

　　Nine questions: Why has "recognizing the house but not the loan" not yet landed in more cities?

　　"Some urban mortgages ‘ Recognizing the house and the loan ’ Unreasonable "

　　Q: Following the statement made by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development that individual housing loans are "housing but not loans", Zhengzhou issued a relevant notice on August 3, proposing 15 measures to stabilize the real estate market, and said that it would implement the policy of "housing but not loans" and suspend the implementation of the sales restriction policy. However, more first-and second-tier cities outside Zhengzhou have not yet implemented policies. Do you think there is resistance?

　　A: The competent authorities have sent a positive signal that there is no resistance from higher authorities for all localities, and the reason why the policy has not yet been implemented is mainly because the idea of restricting real estate development in the past is deeply rooted, and now the relaxation is afraid that the achievements of past restrictions will be "wasted." In fact, adjustment does not mean that the past policy was wrong, but it needs to be adjusted and optimized according to the new situation. It is unreasonable for some first-tier cities to "recognize housing and loan" and need to be adjusted.

　　Question 10: How to draw the blueprint of "Home Ownership Scheme"?

　　"Local governments play a leading role, and state-owned enterprises and central enterprises play a main role."

　　Q: China started the reform of urban housing system 25 years ago, but today, the central government still emphasizes the construction of affordable housing. What is the problem?

　　A: The design made by our housing reform research group 25 years ago is: "the market supplies commercial housing and the government provides low-rent housing", and it is proposed that affordable housing should cover 50% of urban families in China. From 2000 to 2007, the investment in the development of affordable housing in China only accounted for 3%-5% of the housing investment, which was obviously too little. Since 2011, China has promoted the transformation of shanty towns and provided 30 million sets of affordable housing. However, in terms of the total amount, the construction of affordable housing in China is insufficient, especially in big cities, where the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent.

　　Q: How can we better achieve the goal of "home ownership"?

　　A: I suggest that local governments play a leading role in the construction of affordable housing, and state-owned enterprises and central enterprises play a main role. First of all, the land for the construction of affordable housing cannot be charged with land transfer fees, and only basic taxes and fees can be charged. At the same time, state-owned enterprises and central enterprises should withdraw from the competitive real estate field and return to the construction of affordable housing. People can’t just focus on commercial housing when solving housing problems, and low-income groups can enjoy affordable housing. Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star Journalist Yang Yuqi

　　This week, a mutant strain of COVID-19 called "Delta" sounded a new alert for the global epidemic.

　　According to the Guardian, 99% of the new cases in Britain are infected with the "Delta" strain. WHO pointed out that 92 countries and regions around the world have detected the spread of the "Delta" strain. On June 25th, WHO Director-General Tan Desai was worried.

　　WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus:"Delta" mutant strain is the most transmissible strain found so far, which has appeared in at least 85 countries and regions and is spreading rapidly among unvaccinated people.

　　A few days ago, WHO confirmed that the strain had spread to 92 countries and regions.

　　Swaminatan, chief scientist of WHO:Because the spreading ability of the "Delta" mutant strain has been significantly enhanced, this mutant strain in Covid-19 is becoming the main Covid-19 mutant strain in the world.

　　The "Delta" mutant strain was first discovered in India in October, 2020, and was named B.1.617.2 scientifically.

　　In May this year, in order to avoid the stigma associated with a specific country and facilitate its use, WHO announced the use of Greek letters to name the mutant strains found in various countries.

　　The four mutant strains listed as "needing attention" by WHO have new names corresponding to the first four letters of the Greek alphabet: alpha, beta, gamma and delta.

　　Among them, alpha, beta and gamma mutant strains all have a mutation called "N501Y", which seems to strengthen the infectivity of the virus to cells and make the virus spread more easily.

　　Beta and gamma mutant strains also have a key mutation, called "E484K", which may enable the virus to avoid being blocked by the immune system.

　　The mutation of "Delta" mutant strain is different. Initially, "Delta" was considered as a "double mutant" virus.

　　Maria Van Kokhov, Technical Director of WHO Health Emergency Project:First discovered and reported by India, there are two mutations, E484Q and L452R.

　　Djamil, dean of Trivedi School of Biological Sciences, Asoka University, pointed out in an exclusive interview with Xilong Times that the statement of "double mutation" is not accurate. The Delta variety contains 15 mutations in total, 6 of which occur in spike protein, and 3 of them are key: L452R, E484Q and P681R.

　　L452R improves the ability of virus to invade cells, E484Q helps to enhance the immune escape of virus, and P681R can also make virus enter cells more effectively.

　　The combined effect of these mutations makes the "Delta" mutant strain partially avoid some neutralizing antibodies, so it is more infectious.

　　Maria Van Kokhov, Technical Director of WHO Health Emergency Project:We know that the "Delta" variant does increase the spread, which means that it can be more easily spread among people. This is related to known mutations, which allow viruses to adhere to cells and invade cells more easily.

　　The BBC synthesized data from Imperial College London and The Lancet magazine, and compared the basic infection number of COVID-19 mutant strain with other viruses, that is, R0.

　　R0 of "Alpha" mutant strain is 4-mdash; 5. That is to say, without any intervention of epidemic prevention measures, a patient infected with "Alpha" mutant strain can continue to transmit the virus to 4— Five people.

　　R0 of Delta mutant strain is 5-mdash; 8；

　　The R0 of mumps is 12;

　　The R0 of measles is 18.

　　A study in The Lancet, an international medical journal, shows that the risk of hospitalization is twice as high for people infected with the "Delta" mutant strain as for people infected with the "Alpha" mutant strain.

　　Hairdressing shop owner Shawang:We used to earn 300,000 to 350,000 rupees a month, but now we are completely losing money, and most hairdressers have returned to their villages.

　　This is Maharashtra, one of India’s major economic and cultural centers.

　　According to the international authoritative journal Nature, in the past few months, the highly contagious "Delta" mutant strain has spread rapidly in India and has become the main strain prevalent in Maharashtra. But the ferocity of "Delta" does not stop there.

　　In March this year, researchers first discovered a further variant of the "Delta+"strain in Europe. In early April, "Delta+"was also detected in Maharashtra.

　　According to a report by India’s New Delhi TV Station on June 23rd, at least 40 cases of "Delta+"infection have been found in seven Indian states including Maharashtra, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh, among which Maharashtra has reported more than 20 cases.

　　Trust card for director of hospital intensive care unit:A large number of vulnerable people live in rural areas, suburbs and small towns. This time we expect the virus to spread to these areas intelligently.

　　At present, two-thirds of the new cases in COVID-19 come from rural areas, and about 30% of the urban population has been vaccinated with at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, compared with only 15% in rural areas.

　　Local health workers also said: "When we go for virus testing or talk to them, sometimes people will tell us to leave, otherwise they will beat us, and sometimes they will throw stones and bricks."

　　This week, the Ministry of Health of India pointed out that the "Delta+"strain has stronger transmission ability, and adjusted the classification of this new strain from "variant of interest" to "variant of concern".

　　Maharashtra Health Minister Top:We have issued instructions to all subordinate officials to pay close attention to infection cases related to "Delta+"variant.

　　According to a report by the BBC on the 24th, the "Delta+"strain has been found in at least 10 countries including the United States, Britain, Portugal, Switzerland, Japan and Russia. Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, has recently entered a full blockade every weekend.

　　Portuguese National Guard spokesperson Cagnotto:Drivers know the rules, they know that it is forbidden to leave and enter Lisbon metropolitan area, and the traffic on Friday afternoon is much less than usual.

　　Newsstand operator:I think all measures to reduce the number of cases are good. I am located in the city center and I see that all foreign tourists don’t wear masks.

　　Lisbon and the Tejo Valley are the regions with the most serious epidemic in Portugal.

　　According to the report released by the Portuguese National Institute of Health, among the recent new cases in Lisbon, the infection cases related to the "Delta" mutant strain accounted for more than 60%, and some local epidemiologists believe that this proportion has reached 70%.

　　Due to the obvious deterioration of the epidemic, the United Kingdom removed Portugal from the British green navigation list in early June.

　　Simon, an English tourist in Portugal:I’m very angry. I’ve missed half my holiday. Now it costs me a lot of money to change my flight in order not to be quarantined after returning home.

　　On June 21st, Portuguese Health Minister temido said that the spread speed of the "Delta" mutant strain has exceeded the speed of vaccination.

　　Portuguese cabinet spokesman da Silva:We think it’s very important now not to let Lisbon’s current difficulties spread to other regions.

　　On June 23rd, the gymnasium of Lisbon University was temporarily used as the vaccination center for COVID-19, which was operated by the Portuguese Armed Forces to vaccinate people over 50 years old. President De appeared at the vaccination site.

　　Portuguese President De:We are here to call attention to this priority, and the Portuguese are racing against time with unity and cooperation.

　　On June 24th, during the EU summit, German Chancellor Angela Merkel said that Germany and Europe were treading on thin ice.

　　German Chancellor Angela Merkel:We need to be vigilant, especially in the face of Covid-19’s new variety "Delta", which reminds us to be cautious.

　　A few days ago, Merkel had just received the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine.

　　Willer, Director of robert koch Research Institute:Since the second week of June, because there is always a certain time lag in statistics, the proportion has reached 15%, but we think the proportion will certainly be higher today.

　　German Federal Minister of Health Span warned that it was only a matter of time before the Delta strain continued to spread and became the most important strain in Germany.

　　On June 23rd, the European Center for Disease Control and Prevention released the latest epidemic model forecast: It is estimated that by the beginning of August, 70% of the newly confirmed cases in the EU and EEA countries will be caused by the "Delta" mutant strain, and by the end of August, this proportion will rise to 90%.

　　Kruger, Director of the WHO Regional Office for Europe:The worrying "Delta" variety, showing stronger transmission and some immune escape ability, is preparing to take root in the European region.

　　In contrast, on June 24th, US President Biden appeared in Raleigh, the "Oak City" in North Carolina. According to Bloomberg, this is a vaccine trip.

　　US President Biden:The dangerous mutant strain continues to spread, and it is now a very common variant in the United States. People who are not vaccinated are very vulnerable, which is also a concern of experts about the "Delta" strain.

　　In May this year, Biden confidently announced the next stage of epidemic prevention goal in the United States, that is, 70% of American adults should be vaccinated with at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine before July 4, the day of American independence, and 160 million American adults should be vaccinated with two doses.

　　However, according to the CDC data, as of June 22nd, only about 65% of adults in the United States have received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Only 55% in North Carolina. White House officials admit that Biden’s epidemic prevention goal may not be completed as scheduled.

　　White House COVID-19 Epidemic Response Coordinator Zienz:There is still a lot of work to be done in this country, especially for people aged 18 to 26. The fact is that many young people in the United States feel that the COVID-19 epidemic will not affect them, and they have no desire to get vaccinated.

　　On June 24th, a strange conversation between Biden and CNN reporter further aroused people’s anxiety.

　　In the eyes of some Americans, Biden was once again questioned as to whether he could be trusted, except for the new nickname "Joe the Terrible".

　　Defense lawyer Woodfield:For the first time in the history of our country, private employers told their employees that as a condition of your employment, you must take part in the vaccine test, which has never happened in the history of our country.

　　In Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas, hundreds of employees were fired or forced to resign because they didn’t want to be vaccinated. Nurse bridges took the lead in bringing a lawsuit against the hospital.

　　Bridges, a former nurse at Houston Methodist Hospital:At first, 117 people joined us, and now we will add another 70 people. We hope that Methodist hospitals will be responsible for their actions, and we hope that the public will know that we should not lose our jobs.

　　Bloomberg pointed out that the COVID-19 epidemic is spreading rapidly in several states with insufficient vaccination, especially in Missouri and Utah, where more and more young people go to hospitals. These data release a clear signal that the epidemic in the United States has rebounded.

　　Frederick, Chief Executive Officer of Missouri Mercy Hospital:At the end of this week, 60% to 65% of the patients who entered the intensive care unit were under 40 years old, which was shocking compared with last year.

　　According to the data released by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on June 22nd, more than 20% of the newly confirmed cases in the United States in the last two weeks were infected with the "Delta" strain, while in the report released on June 8th, this figure was only about 6%.

　　Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Now this proportion is 20%, and it can be predicted that it will become the main virus-causing strain in the next few weeks to a month.

　　At present, the high-profile European Championship is in full swing in 11 European countries, and in the face of the fierce counterattack epidemic, UEFA is also very headache about what to do in the next competition.

　　Not only that, there is only less than one month before the opening of the Tokyo Olympics. This week, Japanese public health experts also said that "the Tokyo epidemic tends to rebound, which is very worrying."

　　On June 25th, Beijing time, UEFA announced the best team in the group stage of the European Championship, among which Cristiano Ronaldo, the Portuguese star who was crowned the top scorer in the history of the European Championship finals, was selected with the highest score.

　　Wembley Stadium in London, England will be the venue for the semi-finals and finals of the European Championship. On June 22nd, UEFA announced that the British government has agreed to further increase the attendance rate of Wembley Stadium during the European Championship, and the opening rate of the stadium will increase from 25% during the group stage to 75%, which means that more than 60,000 spectators will be accepted in each of the three semi-finals on July 6th and 7th and the final on July 11th.

　　Wembley Stadium will witness the largest audience of British sports events in 15 months, the British Department of Digitalization, Culture, Media and Sports wrote on the top official Twitter.

　　British Health Minister Hancock:The European Championship is going well. The final will be held at Wembley Stadium. I also went to Wembley on Friday night. It was great to hear the noise of the crowd again.

　　However, the recent obvious deterioration of the epidemic in Britain has also caused many people to worry about whether holding large-scale events here will bring risks.

　　Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi:Yes, I advocate that the finals should not be held in countries where the risk of infection is growing rapidly.

　　German Chancellor Angela Merkel:Britain is a high-risk area for virus variants, which means that anyone from Britain to Germany will need to be quarantined for 14 days.

　　Since May, the number of newly confirmed cases in Britain has increased rapidly, and has recently rebounded to more than 10,000 cases per day.

　　On June 25th, the British Ministry of Public Health said that among the newly confirmed cases in the past week, 96% were caused by the "Delta" strain, compared with 99% in the previous week, and the cumulative number of people suffering from the "Delta" strain in Britain has reached 11157.

　　British Prime Minister Johnson:This is why we are so worried about the "Delta" variant, which is now spreading faster than the third wave of epidemic predicted in February.

　　On June 18th, the match between England and Scotland was held at Wembley Stadium, and a large number of Scottish fans "went south" into London, which brought a lot of pressure to the prevention and control of the epidemic in London.

　　On June 13th, Sadiq Khan, the mayor of London, was photographed celebrating the 1-0 victory of the Three Lions in Trafalgar Square. The excited crowd seemed to have completely forgotten to observe the epidemic prevention regulations.

　　According to the British "Times" report, among the 24 teams participating in the European Championship, except England, Scotland and Wales, the countries and regions to which the other teams belong are all on the orange or even red list of the epidemic in the UK. According to the British epidemic prevention policy, they must be quarantined for 10 days after arriving in the UK. Previously, the British government granted "isolation exemption" to the players, coaches and staff of the participating teams in order to hold the event smoothly. However, UEFA requested that 2,500 officials and VIPs also be granted "isolation exemption" so that they can directly enter Wembley Stadium to watch the game.

　　This puts the British government in a dilemma. If it accepts UEFA’s request, it will arouse the dissatisfaction of its own people. If it refuses, UEFA threatens to move both semi-finals and finals to Budapest, Hungary, where the epidemic situation is well controlled, which is also unacceptable to Britain.

　　The same dilemma also happened in Japan. On June 20th, the Olympic Village of the Tokyo Olympic Games was opened to the media for the first time, and the place where more than 10,000 athletes from more than 200 countries and regions lived was finally presented to the world.

　　Seiko Hashimoto, Chairman of the Tokyo Olympic Organizing Committee:With regard to the response to the COVID-19 epidemic, up to now, 80% of all people from all over the world have been vaccinated.

　　However, just the day before, on the 19th, one of the nine members of the Ugandan delegation who arrived in Tokyo tested positive for COVID-19 screening at the airport. Japanese Olympic Secretary Tamayo Marukawa confirmed that this person was infected with the "Delta" mutant strain. However, all members of the Ugandan delegation had completed two doses of vaccination before going to Japan and provided negative test certificates within 72 hours. On the 23rd, another member of the Ugandan delegation was tested positive, and many Japanese workers who came into contact with it were also isolated, which cast a shadow over the upcoming Olympic Games.

　　On July 23rd, the Tokyo Olympic Games is about to open, less than a month from now. According to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun, about 94,000 people will enter Japan during the Olympic Games, which has sparked a debate about the number of spectators at the Olympic Games.

　　On June 21st, the Japanese government, the Tokyo Olympic Organizing Committee, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee held five-party talks online, and it was formally decided that the number of people watching the Olympic Games on site should not exceed 50% of the venue capacity, with a maximum of 10,000 people.

　　Seiko Hashimoto, Chairman of the Tokyo Olympic Organizing Committee:We have received a suggestion that if no spectators are allowed to enter, we can hold the Olympic Games more safely.

　　Many experts, including Shigeru Omi, the chief medical consultant of the Japanese government, believe that it is the least risky way to hold an event without an audience.

　　Only in this way, the publicity effect of the Tokyo Olympic Games will be weakened. For the upcoming election of the Japanese House of Representatives after the Olympic Games, the boosting effect will also be discounted. Kyodo News noted that Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide was anxious about this situation.

　　Japanese Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide:If it is necessary to implement a state of emergency, I will respond flexibly, not open the stadium to any audience, and hold an event with public safety as the first priority.

　　According to the research forecast of Xipu Bo, a professor of epidemiology at Kyoto University, by July 23rd, the opening of the Tokyo Olympic Games, the positive cases caused by the "Delta" mutant strain will account for 70% of all newly confirmed cases.

　　According to the results of a poll released by Kyodo News, among 2,000 respondents, 86% are worried that the Olympic Games and Paralympics will lead to the further expansion of the epidemic, 40.3% think that the Olympic Games should be held in an empty venue, and 30.8% think that it should be cancelled.

　　Tokyo citizens:As a resident, I am worried that the city may become crowded and Covid-19 will spread further.

　　Regarding the situation of epidemic prevention and control, Indian immunologist Barr stressed that no matter what kind of Covid-19 is targeted at, "vaccination will always put you in a better position to fight infection".

　　Wen _ Dianbingtang

　　It is said that at the end of World War II, the German Third Reich, which was violently attacked by the East and West lines of the Allies, came to an end in the rumble of guns.

　　Driven by madness and despair, German scientists put all their eggs in one basket and put forward a large number of new weapon designs, such as the "Giant Mouse" super heavy tank weighing more than 1,000 tons and the "Silver Bird" space plane with a range of 20,000 kilometers. These weapons, which are divorced from rationality and common sense, are jokingly called "Nazi black technology" by future military enthusiasts.

　　Among them, there is a "black technology" with the strongest power and the largest amount of work-and it is also the most impossible to achieve. This is the protagonist of this article: the solar cannon.

　　The fantasy of the solar cannon originated in 1929. In this year, hermann oberth, a famous German rocket scientist, accidentally opened a shocking brain hole in the process of daily research: launching a huge reflector with a diameter of 100 meters into space, which can reflect sunlight to the earth at night. In this way, ordinary crops can enjoy the sunshine 24 hours a day, and the growth rate can be greatly accelerated, thus rapidly increasing the grain output of the fields. In addition, large cities can also get enough light, thus saving a lot of electricity consumed in the lighting system.

　　Oberth recalled: "The sun mirror I imagined is like a naughty student reflecting on the ceiling of the classroom with a mirror. If this light shines across the teacher’s face, it will probably cause him unhappiness. And I am a school teacher who has collected enough data to make this mirror. "

　　With the outbreak of World War II, oberth and his favorite pupil, the famous German rocket scientist Werner wernher von braun, were recruited into the German rocket research and development department to develop the famous V-2 rocket for the army. In the process, oberth revealed the idea of this orbital solar reflector to the German army. After understanding the specific working principle, the German army organized a group of experts to improve oberth’s ideas. In the end, the orbital solar reflector originally conceived for peaceful use was transformed into the doomsday weapon plan of the German army: the solar cannon!

　　In fact, reflecting sunlight as a weapon is not a brand-new design. As early as more than two thousand years ago, there was a legend in Greece that Archimedes used a reflector to focus sunlight and burn the invading Roman fleet. However, the Nazis magnified the power of this concept to an unprecedented order of magnitude this time. According to the German vision, as long as a giant concave mirror is launched into space and enough sunlight is gathered, it can produce an ultra-high temperature that no defense facility can resist, burn enemy warships on the ground and even destroy enemy cities!

　　At that time, it seemed that the idea of solar cannon as an orbital weapon was undoubtedly very advanced. Once it is realized, it is definitely conan the destroyer’s big killer. However, the rocket technology of World War II is still in its infancy. Nazi Germany consumed a lot of resources and only developed a V-2 ballistic missile with a bomb load of 1 ton. It is undoubtedly an idiotic dream to use it to launch solar cannons that must be deployed in high-altitude space orbit. After the war, oberth and Braun were captured by American troops together. During the interrogation, oberth poured beans out of the bamboo tube and gave the details of the solar gun plan to the American interrogators in detail.

　　When the news reached Life magazine in the United States, the olfactory-sensitive editor was immediately attracted by the theme "The Nazis tried to scorch the earth with a sun mirror". They started at full speed at once. In July 1945, when the Second World War was not completely over, Life magazine made this amazing secret weapon of Nazi Germany public.

　　According to Life magazine, Nazi Germany’s solar cannon is an unprecedented giant weapon and the largest artificial object ever designed by human beings. In order to focus enough sunlight and cause devastating killing effect, this weapon will be suspended in a space orbit with a height of 8,200 kilometers, with a reflector area of over 9 square kilometers and a weight of one million tons. Once completed, it will be more than 100,000 times more powerful than Archimedes’ mirror, and it can easily destroy any big city, which can be called killing people and killing Buddha!

　　According to the idea of Nazi scientists, the work of building a space station began with the launch of an unmanned rocket. When the rocket enters the 8200-kilometer-high orbit, it will unfold six long metal cables, which are only about 0.5-1.5 inches in diameter, and will be deployed in place by themselves under the rotation of the rocket as the starting skeleton of the solar cannon project.

　　Next, the subsequent rocket will transport a pair of sunglasses components from the earth to space. These sunglasses components are essentially hollow metal frames made of sodium. On the earth, high-purity metallic sodium will be rapidly oxidized and lose its luster. However, there is no such problem in space. Sodium metal has good reflection effect and low density, and it is an ideal raw material for sunglasses in the eyes of Germans. Along the skeleton, the sunglasses components are pieced together one by one, and the installation angles are slightly different from each other. Finally, a huge concave mirror can be assembled, and the solar cannon is finished.

　　After the solar cannon is completed, this huge mirror will leave a round hole with a diameter of 30 feet wide as a connecting channel. The cargo rocket launched from the earth will be inserted into this round hole in a seamless way to transport building materials and supplies for the solar cannon. In fact, as long as we compare the modern space station, we can find that the German design was too complicated. As long as the operation is a little careless, the launch vehicle is likely to cause irreparable damage to the docking channel, which will directly affect the safety of the solar cannon. However, in the 1940s, it was not easy for German scientists to have such a design.

　　The solar cannon is actually a giant space station, which needs to accommodate a large number of people for daily maintenance. To this end, German scientists deliberately launched various designs.

　　First of all, the energy problem of solar cannons should be solved. In this space station with an area of 9 square kilometers and a weight of millions of tons, the operation of any equipment needs the promotion of energy. Where does the energy come from? The reader’s first reaction may be to directly convert sunlight into electric energy. However, in the 1940s, the technology of solar cells was still far from mature, so the Germans chose the principle of steam turbine-placing a transparent totally enclosed water tank on the outside of sunglasses, using sunlight to heat water, generating high-temperature and high-pressure steam, driving the turbine to drive the generator, and then transporting the cooled water back to the water tank, thus generating a steady stream of electric energy.

　　Secondly, in the 8200-kilometer-high orbit, the interior of the space station is almost weightless. In order to make workers move relatively freely, scientists have designed special "space shoes", with magnets installed on the soles, which can be stably adsorbed on the metal floor to create an environment similar to the ground.

　　However, the next question is quite important. Living in space, where does the oxygen that workers breathe come from? How to get food?

　　The German solution made future generations feel incredible-pumpkin!

　　From the perspective of Nazi scientists, pumpkins can effectively consume carbon dioxide exhaled by workers and provide sufficient oxygen, and more importantly, pumpkins are nutritious and healthy food. As for eating pumpkins all day, will it lead to a decline in staff morale? Germans don’t seem to think too much. Maybe in their view, this is a problem that can be solved by preparing more spices. As a result, thousands of hydroponic farms were placed inside the space station, all of which were used to grow pumpkins. It is worth mentioning that these pumpkins can’t be directly exposed to sunlight, because there is a lack of air in outer space, which can’t filter out some cosmic rays that are unfavorable to plant growth. Therefore, some of the electric energy output by the generator of the space station is used for fluorescent lamps instead of sunlight to illuminate pumpkins and help them carry out photosynthesis.

　　After providing a suitable living environment, the next step is the control of the solar cannon. How to aim at a target and focus sunlight on a point is a very challenging job. Behind the mirror with an area of 9 square kilometers, there are many miniature rocket engines. By adjusting the thrust of the engine, the staff can push the solar cannon to rotate slowly. What needs to be explained here is that even with the back to the sun, the other side of the mirror is polished to minimize the solar radiation.

　　In addition to marveling at the huge amount of work, Life magazine thinks that the height of solar cannons is low, and the best deployment position should be geosynchronous orbit 36,000 kilometers away from the earth. Here, the solar cannon can keep relatively static with the earth, and the staff have enough time to adjust the angle of the mirror and aim at the target on the earth. In addition, American calculations show that the diameter of the spot reflected by the solar cannon to the earth may be 40 miles, which means that the focusing effect is not enough to produce any destructive power.

　　For this, oberth did not agree. "This beam is really not hotter than the sun on the equator, but if the diameter of the mirror is doubled, the irradiation intensity will be four times, and the temperature of the beam irradiated on the ground will be as high as 200 degrees. This beam may not be able to directly burn the city or blow up the battleship, but it can definitely cook the humans on the ground! "

　　When the war ended, oberth devoted himself to the study of UFO phenomenon, and firmly believed that human beings would one day be able to build the solar reflector he envisioned and put it into peaceful use. On December 28th, 1989, when the Iron Curtain of the Cold War was about to fall, oberth died quietly. At this time, his dream-the goal of making a sun mirror in earth orbit-has still not been realized.

　　What oberth didn’t know was that after the war, at the other end of the Iron Curtain, a Soviet rocket scientist was trying to realize his ideal.

　　In the late 1980s, Vladimir Sergevich Syromyatnikov (hereinafter referred to as Tennikov), a famous Soviet space scientist and inventor of the docking mechanism of Soviet/International Space Station spacecraft, came up with a solar reflector scheme to solve the lighting problem in the polar regions of the Soviet Union at midnight. Although the solar reflector he designed was not as crazy as the Nazi German solar cannon, it was enough to provide a full moon-like lighting effect for the area 5 kilometers above Fiona Fang. According to Tennikov’s idea, this design can completely ensure night lighting, making street lamps and flashlights a decoration.

　　Soon after, the powerful red empire collapsed, but Tennikov’s solar mirror plan was unexpectedly unaffected. On October 27th, 1992, the cargo ship "Progress M-15" was successfully launched with the solar reflector "Flag 2" designed by Tennikov. After completing the replenishment mission for the Mir space station, Progress M-15 left the Mir space station on February 4, 1993, and then launched a 20-meter-wide "Flag 2" solar reflector in orbit near the space station to carry out preliminary theoretical experiments. This experiment was quite successful. The "Flag 2" solar reflector successfully illuminated a 5-kilometer-wide area, and the brightness was almost comparable to that of the full moon! In the end, this solar mirror followed the "Progress M-15" into the atmosphere and burned out.

　　Tennikov was greatly encouraged and designed "Flag 2.5" again. According to his prediction, this 25-meter-wide improved solar reflector can produce brightness equal to 5-10 full moons when it is started, illuminating a circular area with a diameter of 7 kilometers. Unfortunately, after the launch, an accident occurred during the deployment of the "Flag 2.5" solar reflector. At that time, a lens was caught in the communication antenna of Mir space station, and the strong communication antenna quickly tore the lens, causing the sunglasses to lose control. In the end, this attempt failed, and this solar mirror, together with the cargo ship "Progress", was burned when it re-entered the atmosphere. Tennikov’s solar mirror plan was cancelled by the Russian Space Agency, which had poor financial resources, because of its high cost.

　　However, Tennikov didn’t give up easily. He went around trying to find new investors, hoping to carry on his solar mirror plan. In order to raise funds, Tennikov almost devoted his efforts to this project. Unfortunately, until his death in 2006, Tennikov had not raised enough funds to continue his "Flag" project.

　　Throughout the development of solar cannons, we can see that there are three obvious shortcomings that limit the development of this equipment.

　　First of all, the cost of building a solar cannon is amazing! According to oberth’s original idea, his solar cannon would cost $3 billion-an astronomical sum at that time. Even the Manhattan Project of the United States to develop nuclear weapons at the same time cost only $2 billion! Compared with the atomic bomb that can instantly destroy a big city, oberth’s solar cannons cost a lot, but even people on the ground are hard to kill, which is obviously not worth it.

　　At the same time, to build a huge solar cannon in space orbit, its engineering quantity and assembly difficulty are very amazing. Although oberth once imagined that this million-ton solar cannon could be built in 15-20 years. But until today, the most Ushizo object assembled by human beings in Earth orbit is only the "International Space Station" with a total weight of 500 tons-this is the result of the cooperation of dozens of countries, including the United States and Russia, in 20 years! Moreover, compared with the international space station built by docking module, the engineering complexity of the solar cannon is several times more difficult: because each mirror must be accurately installed in place, the workers responsible for assembling the solar cannon must wear heavy spacesuits and manipulate wrench tools to install the mirrors one by one, which is difficult for ordinary people to imagine. Even by the time standard of building the International Space Station, it takes at least a dozen generations of efforts and hundreds of years to complete a solar cannon with a weight of one million tons!

　　In addition, the vulnerability of solar cannons is also a problem that people must consider. Although solar cannons in orbit can intercept incoming anti-satellite missiles by reflecting sunlight. However, in wartime, the enemy is likely to use a large number of missiles to launch a saturation attack on this orbital mirror. As long as one missile breaks through the interception line and hits the solar cannon, it can destroy a large number of mirrors and make this expensive special weapon a waste. Moreover, even in peacetime, solar cannons face a major threat-space junk that can be seen everywhere in space orbit. Because of its huge size, the solar cannon has become an excellent target for space junk flying at high speed. As long as space junk destroys one of the mirrors, the effect of the whole solar gun system will be greatly reduced.

　　Although the practical application of solar cannons has encountered many difficulties, this does not mean that no one will carry forward the concept of orbital reflector. On March 23, 1983, President Ronald Reagan announced the strategic defense plan of the United States-the famous "Star Wars" plan. In this ambitious plan, the US military also used an orbital light reflector. However, the light source of these light reflectors is no longer ordinary sunlight, but high-energy laser emitted from the ground! According to the U.S. military’s vision, this weapon can directly reflect the high-energy laser beam emitted by the ground excimer laser transmitter and destroy the enemy ballistic missiles that are on the rise. Once a nuclear war breaks out, the United States can use this weapon to quickly destroy the incoming Soviet ballistic missiles, and then launch a retaliatory nuclear strike without worrying that the nuclear bomb will fall on its own head.

　　Of course, such a powerful weapon still needs to pay a price. Because the laser beam must penetrate the atmosphere, and then be transmitted to the attacking satellite through the relay satellite and then refracted to the target, the laser transmitter on the ground must be very powerful to be competent for this work. In order to achieve this goal, Americans put a lot of money into the development of ground lasers. Until the "Star Wars" project was cut by President Clinton in 1993, the ground laser station for providing light source was still not developed. In the end, the orbital reflector scheme was abandoned by the US military, and the development experience related to the project was applied to other laser weapon research projects of the US military.

　　Although the solar cannon and its derivative products have not been successful in reality, it does not mean that it cannot be a popular weapon in various cartoons, games and movies. In the story of the classic sci-fi cartoon "mobile suit 0079", Ji Wengjun owns a solar shaped gun transformed from a colonial satellite. In the subsequent development of the plot, this solar cannon directly swept the fleet of the Union Army and destroyed one-third of the main ships of the other side. This led to a forced attack by the Union Army of the Earth, which destroyed this threatening solar shaped charge gun. However, this solar energy gathering gun provides energy through the surrounding solar panels, which is essentially different from the working principle of the solar energy gun envisioned by oberth.

　　Besides appearing in the mobile suit series, Sun Cannon also appeared in the Resident Evil series of games. In the plot background of the game Resident Evil: Revelation, a maritime city in the Mediterranean Sea, Tra Griga, collects sunlight through an orbiting solar reflector to provide sufficient solar energy for lighting. When the "Hound" organization launched a biochemical terrorist attack in the city, which turned the whole city into a hell full of monsters, the top management of the Federal Bioterrorism Committee decided to turn the solar reflector into a solar cannon and emit a high-energy beam to completely destroy the city. As Terra Griga was completely reduced to ashes by high-energy beams, the story of the game-Floating Island Panic came to an end.

　　However, the most original work of oberth’s solar cannon design is the last 007 film "Die Another Day" starring pierce brosnan. In this movie, James Bond’s enemies have a solar cannon in orbit exactly as oberth imagined. In the film, this solar cannon destroyed the rocket car driven by Bond, the huge ice sculpture building, the missiles that attacked the solar cannon, and even the transport plane that the villain was riding! Perhaps the director of the film wants to pay tribute to oberth, the visionary of the orbital solar reflector. When the villain in the film announced the existence of the solar gun, he deliberately advocated that the orbital gun was only used for "civil lighting".

　　Although oberth’s idea of a solar cannon, and the idea of an orbital reflector derived from it, has not yet come true. However, his solar cannon is still active in many sci-fi works and is regarded as a classic sci-fi technology setting, which makes people feel very gratified. With the continuous development of space science and technology, maybe in the near future, someone will follow oberth’s legacy, solve the technical problems that limit the development of solar cannons, and finally develop an orbital reflector for the peaceful use of solar energy for the benefit of mankind!

CCTV News:According to the construction schedule of China Space Station,In May and June this year, the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft and the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft will be launched respectively.Among them, there are three astronauts on Shenzhou 12 who will form a flight crew and will stay in orbit for three months.

At present, the Long March 7 Tele-3 launch vehicle, which carried out the launch mission of the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft, has completed all the development work before leaving the factory, and has arrived safely at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan. Together with the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft that has arrived earlier, the final assembly and testing work in the launch site are carried out as planned. According to the plan, 11 missions will be carried out in succession this year and next, including three space station cabin launches, four cargo spacecraft launches and four manned spacecraft launches. The on-orbit construction of the space station will be completed in 2022, and all the mission objectives of the "three-step" development strategy of the project will be realized. At this time, it is exactly 30 years since the manned spaceflight project was officially launched.

The manned spacecraft carrying out the Shenzhou-12 manned space mission and the Long March-2 F-12 carrier rocket have also completed all the development work before leaving the factory. At present, they have been safely delivered to Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in batches to carry out the assembly and testing work in the launch site, and the astronaut crew carrying out the manned space mission is undergoing intensive training. The last time China launched the Shenzhou manned spacecraft was on October 17th, 2016. Shenzhou XI carried out the sixth manned mission in China. At that time, the astronauts who took the Shenzhou XI flight were Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, who worked in orbit for 33 days. Among them, Jing Haipeng flew for the third time and was the astronaut who went into space the most times so far.

　　Cctv newsAccording to the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, research shows that myopia is the result of many factors, and children and adolescents are generally susceptible. On the basis of considering multiple causes, such as environmental and behavioral factors, genetic factors, eye evolution law and social and cultural factors, this paper puts forward intervention techniques for children and adolescents’ myopia, and adopts three-level prevention strategies to implement comprehensive public health intervention measures to prevent, reduce and slow down the occurrence and development of children and adolescents’ myopia.

　　First, the prevention of public health intervention technology

　　(1) Monitoring, evaluation and intervention of myopia risk behaviors.

　　1. Students’ eye behavior evaluation. For students of different school ages, the eye behavior evaluation form for kindergarten and primary school students in grades 1-3 (parent version) (attached table 1) and the eye behavior evaluation form for primary school students in grades 4-6 (student version) (attached table 2) were used to evaluate the eye behavior of kindergarten to middle school students, and to identify the risk behavior factors that affect myopia of children and adolescents, such as insufficient outdoor activities, excessive use of electronic products, lack of sleep or large social time difference, reading and writing.

　　2. Application of evaluation results. According to the specific risk factors, teachers and parents should change the bad eye behavior of children and adolescents (the contents listed in Schedule 1 and Schedule 2 can be used as the contents of health education and behavior standards).

　　3. Promote good eye use behavior with appropriate technology. Actively develop or use the existing appropriate technologies for myopia prevention and control, and apply them to promote the development of children and adolescents’ rational eye use behavior. For example, the height of the desk and chair measuring ruler (desk and chair deployment measuring ruler), correct reading and writing posture wall chart, light monitor, eye relaxation exercises, etc.

　　(2) The visual environment of schools, families and communities has been improved.

　　1. The construction of school visual friendly environment. Schools should provide students with good lighting and lighting environment according to the Hygienic Requirements for Prevention and Control of Myopia in School Supplies for Children and Adolescents (GB40070-2021). Each class should be equipped with desks and chairs to allocate measuring ruler, measure the height range of students regularly and adjust the desks and chairs in time. Each classroom should be equipped with adjustable desks and chairs or 2-3 types of desks and chairs according to the height range of students. The desks and chairs of the same type can be placed in columns, and the height of desks and chairs should be adjusted individually once every semester according to the height and sitting height of students. According to the perspective of students’ seats, the lighting situation in the classroom and the changes of students’ eyesight, the school will change students’ seats at least once a month. Multimedia classrooms should choose large-size projectors or computer screens. Under the same screen size, choose products with high screen resolution.

　　2. Building a family visual friendly environment. The desk should be placed so that its long axis is perpendicular to the window. When studying during the day, natural light enters from the opposite side of the writing hand to avoid direct sunlight. The average illumination value of the desktop is not less than 300lx. Parents should adjust the height of desks and chairs regularly according to the growth and development of children and adolescents. Children and adolescents should be equipped with desk lamps that have passed the national compulsory product certification (CCC certification), and children and adolescents should turn on the ceiling lights in addition to using desk lamps when studying at night. When online learning is needed, electronic products with large screen such as TV and desktop computer should be selected, and electronic products with high screen resolution should be selected under the same screen size. The viewing distance of TV is not less than 4 times the diagonal distance of the screen, the horizontal viewing distance of computer is not less than 50cm, and the viewing distance of mobile phone is not less than 40cm. Children and teenagers don’t put televisions and computers in their bedrooms. They use dark curtains at night and don’t turn on the night light to sleep. Guide children and adolescents to avoid or reduce exposure to high brightness and blue light-rich electronic products at night.

　　3. Community visual friendly environment construction. Green space can prevent or slow down the occurrence and development of myopia in children and adolescents by increasing outdoor time and reducing screen time. Reasonable green land is set up in the community, with certain activity facilities, which is suitable for carrying out all kinds of parent-child outdoor activities. The night light environment of residential quarters should comply with the current national standards. Except for indicative and functional signs, advertising lighting is not suitable for residential buildings (districts). The glare limit of night lighting lamps in residential and pedestrian areas, the maximum allowable value of illumination on the outer surface of windows of residential buildings, and the maximum allowable value of luminous intensity of night lighting lamps in the direction of rooms should be strengthened in accordance with the Planning Standard for Urban Lighting Construction (CJJ/T 307-2019).

　　(3) 2 hours of outdoor activities and 1 hour of physical exercise during the day.

　　1. Ensure 2 hours of outdoor activities every day and 14 hours every week. According to the Grade and Description of Recommended Contents for Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents’ Myopia by Outdoor Activities (Attached Table 3), school-age children have two hours of outdoor activities during the day, which are carried out inside and outside the school. The insufficient time for daytime outdoor activities on school days should be made up on weekends and reach at least 14 hours of daytime outdoor activities every week. Kindergarten children advocate three hours of outdoor activities during the day and put more conservation content outdoors.

　　2. Implement one-hour daytime outdoor activities on campus. The school arranges a 30-minute recess activity in the morning and afternoon, emphasizing outdoor activities and not sticking to the form and content of activities. Try to go to physical education class outdoors, and some indoor courses, such as class meetings, can be held outdoors. Set up outdoor activities interest groups and actively carry out various forms and rich contents of outdoor activities. Arrange extracurricular sports homework and provide high-quality exercise resources. Teachers should promptly remind students and class "eye guards" to supervise students to walk out of the classroom for 10 minutes between classes.

　　3. Grasp the one-hour outdoor activities outside school. It is recommended that children and adolescents have a full or staged walking to school, and junior students should be accompanied by their parents. Parents encourage and actively participate in children’s extracurricular activities, complete extracurricular sports homework, and go outdoors and go to nature with their children on weekends and holidays. Schools, parents and students cooperate, actively explore the development of peer-to-peer school groups, increase the time of outdoor activities during the day, enhance exchanges between students, and reduce parental companionship.

　　4. Exercise for 1 hour every day. According to the requirements of myopia prevention and control, children and adolescents should be outdoors for 2 hours every day, but according to the requirements of physical and mental health promotion, children and adolescents should be engaged in moderate to high-intensity physical activities for at least 60 minutes every day, mainly aerobic exercise. High-intensity aerobic exercise and muscle and bone strengthening exercise should be carried out at least three days a week. Taking physical education class as the starting point, the school guides students to carry out physical exercise, and brings the daytime outdoor physical exercise time into the range of 2 hours of daily outdoor activities.

　　(4) Health education for all teachers, students and parents.

　　1. Strengthen teachers’ health education ability. The school cooperates with public health professional institutions and medical colleges and universities to organize teachers to carry out health education and training on myopia prevention and control, so that teachers can master myopia prevention knowledge. Trained teachers popularize myopia prevention and control knowledge through health education classes, parent-teacher conferences, and myopia prevention and control theme class meetings.

　　2. Improve students’ eye health literacy. Students should receive at least one health education course or theme class meeting for myopia prevention and control every semester to learn the knowledge and skills of eye protection in like eyes. Teachers guide students to make handwritten reports on myopia prevention knowledge, and carry out knowledge contests, group discussions, role-playing, etc. to improve students’ myopia prevention and control ability. Students will bring the knowledge of myopia prevention and control they have learned and mastered in school back to their families, which will influence their parents and give play to the role of "small hands and big hands" in myopia prevention and control. Advocate the school to train an "eye protector" or preacher in each class, publicize the knowledge about vision protection, and urge students to go out of the classroom during recess.

　　3. Enhance parents’ awareness of vision protection. Parents should take the initiative to learn like eyes’s knowledge and skills of eye care, educate and urge their children to use their eyes scientifically, improve family lighting, adjust the height of desks and chairs, and correct the thought and behavior of "paying more attention to treatment than prevention", so as to realize the myopia prevention and control situation of "holding hands with big hands".

　　4. Increase the construction of social supportive environment. Mobilize experts to enter schools and society, popularize scientific knowledge of myopia prevention, and educators and children and adolescents identify scientific vision correction measures. Experts and scholars actively compile and publish popular science materials and books on myopia prevention and control health education, and make new media health education materials. Professional institutions, schools and communities should join forces to promote the dissemination and sharing of health education information and improve the coverage and efficiency of health education by using mobile health platforms or technologies, such as smart phone applications, SMS services and telephone intervention. Severely crack down on the false and illegal marketing and propaganda behavior of children and adolescents’ myopia prevention and control products.

　　Second, the secondary prevention of public health intervention technology

　　(1) Vision health screening.

　　Establish a regular vision screening system, carry out poor vision screening, the screening frequency is not less than 2 times per academic year, standardize the recording of inspection contents, and establish information management of vision health. Pay attention to the standardization of screening and filing process, strengthen quality control, and implement closed-loop management of grading after screening. With the help of artificial intelligence technology, the degree of automation of vision screening is improved, and the work efficiency and popularization are improved.

　　(2) Early warning management of myopia.

　　Timely analysis of children’s and adolescents’ visual health, early screening of myopia and other ametropia, dynamic observation of the development and changes of children’s and adolescents’ refractive status in different periods, early detection of myopia tendency or trend, establishment of myopia early warning model, and formulation of applicable and feasible intervention measures to slow down the rapid and severe development of myopia. Combined with vision screening and file establishment, it is suggested that children and adolescents with normal vision but with high risk factors of myopia or insufficient hyperopia reserve should change their high-risk behaviors, and schools, families and communities should cooperate to increase outdoor activities during the day, reduce the behavior of using eyes at close range and improve the visual environment. For those with pre-myopia, we should give high-risk early warning and focus on intervention. It is suggested to go to professional institutions to receive professional examinations such as medical optometry, make a clear diagnosis and take corresponding measures in time to control and slow down the occurrence and development of myopia in children and adolescents.

　　Three, three prevention of public health intervention technology

　　(1) scientifically correct myopia.

　　For children and adolescents who are already nearsighted, parents should be instructed to take their children to professional institutions for examination and correction in time. If it is determined that they need to wear glasses after professional examination, parents should choose glasses with appropriate degrees for their children according to the requirements of doctors or optometrists, wear glasses according to the doctor’s advice, and conduct regular follow-up.

　　(2) Preventing and controlling the aggravation and complications of myopia.

　　For children and adolescents with early onset of myopia or rapid development of myopia, specialists should adopt optical correction, drug correction or traditional Chinese medicine to slow down the progress of myopia. Parents should go to regular medical institutions, choose measures suitable for their children under the guidance of doctors or optometrists, and use them according to the doctor’s advice. For children and adolescents with fundus pathological changes and other complications, parents should take their children to professional medical institutions for treatment by specialists in time.

　　Fourth, the specific implementation measures

　　(1) Grasp early and small, and implement it in the whole life cycle.

　　1. The implementation of vision health management pass forward. Early detection of the shortage of hyperopia reserves and timely intervention measures are the key to move forward the prevention and control of myopia for children and adolescents. Move forward in the prevention and control cycle, grasp early and grasp small; Move forward in the prevention and control link, from treatment to early warning; Move forward in the sense of prevention and carry out early intervention for students with healthy vision. Move the myopia defense line forward to pregnancy, infants and preschool stage. Strengthen parents’ and teachers’ awareness of myopia prevention and control, and regard infants, preschool children and lower grades of primary schools as the key links of myopia prevention and control.

　　2. Promote the prevention and control of myopia in the whole life cycle. From the perspective of the whole life cycle, it focuses on the potentially sensitive periods such as pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, infants, preschool, school age, etc., so as to reduce the impact of biological, environmental and behavioral risk factors in each period on the visual health of children and adolescents. From pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and perinatal period, develop a healthy lifestyle, monitor health status in real time, and reduce the risk of gestational diabetes, hypertension and premature delivery, so as to reduce the risk of myopia in children and adolescents. Implement the "Standard for Eye Care and Vision Examination Services for Children Aged 0-6", establish children’s eye health files, and make one file for each person, which will be transferred in real time with children and adolescents entering school. Popularize the scientific knowledge of children’s eye care to parents, and guide families to actively accept children’s eye care and vision examination services. Carry out health guidance, don’t touch the electronic screen before the age of 3, preschool children should try to avoid touching and using video electronic products, reduce the time of using their eyes at close range, increase the time of outdoor activities, maintain correct reading and writing posture, develop good sleep habits and ensure adequate and regular sleep. At school age, we should advocate at least one hour of outdoor activities in and out of school every day, reduce long-term close eye use and maintain adequate regular sleep. Implementing myopia prevention and control from the whole life cycle can realize the forward movement of myopia prevention and control and improve the vision health in the whole life cycle.

　　(B) the combination of prevention and control, the whole population and key population strategy.

　　1. The whole crowd strategy. Children and adolescents are generally susceptible to myopia, so it is necessary to take the whole population strategy to prevent and control myopia, carry out health education on myopia prevention and control, increase outdoor activities during the day, reduce long-term use of eyes at close range, build a visually friendly environment and other public health intervention measures to do a good job of prevention and control at the first level of the whole population.

　　2. Key population strategy. According to the stages of myopia, corresponding intervention measures should be carried out to reduce the risk of rapid development of myopia. For those with normal vision and sufficient hyperopia reserve, prevent the hyperopia reserve from being consumed prematurely. The main goal of prevention and control of myopia is to slow down the occurrence of myopia. Low myopia should control the progress of myopia, while high myopia should prevent fundus lesions and reduce the risk of blindness.

　　(three) demonstration and guidance, strengthen the prevention and control and intervention process and effect evaluation.

　　1. Pilot first, demonstration leading. Construct a six-in-one comprehensive prevention and control strategy of government leadership, responsibility of competent departments, monitoring of professional health institutions, school leadership, family cooperation and students’ subjectivity. Disease control institutions at all levels rely on the monitoring of common diseases and health influencing factors of students and the appropriate technology pilot platform to implement the monitoring of myopia of children and adolescents, guide and coordinate relevant parties to implement effective comprehensive public health intervention measures, and take outdoor activities and sports activities as the main starting point to realize the prevention of multiple diseases.

　　2. Pay attention to process and effect evaluation. Disease control institutions at all levels should regularly carry out students’ vision monitoring, deeply analyze the monitoring data over the years, and report the main students’ health problems and suggestions found in the monitoring to the local government in time. Based on the practical research method, the transformation and application from theory to practice can promote the implementation and dissemination of intervention actions. Conduct process and effect evaluation, introduce the implementation research framework and theoretical model, such as the process and effect indicators of comprehensive public health intervention for myopia prevention and control and its collection method (Table 4), comprehensively evaluate the accessibility, effectiveness, applicability and sustainability of intervention actions from the individual level and organizational level, and systematically evaluate the implementation effect of comprehensive public health intervention for children and adolescents with myopia.