This week, a mutant strain of COVID-19 called "Delta" sounded a new alert for the global epidemic.

　　According to the Guardian, 99% of the new cases in Britain are infected with the "Delta" strain. WHO pointed out that 92 countries and regions around the world have detected the spread of the "Delta" strain. On June 25th, WHO Director-General Tan Desai was worried.

　　WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus:"Delta" mutant strain is the most transmissible strain found so far, which has appeared in at least 85 countries and regions and is spreading rapidly among unvaccinated people.

　　A few days ago, WHO confirmed that the strain had spread to 92 countries and regions.

　　Swaminatan, chief scientist of WHO:Because the spreading ability of the "Delta" mutant strain has been significantly enhanced, this mutant strain in Covid-19 is becoming the main Covid-19 mutant strain in the world.

　　The "Delta" mutant strain was first discovered in India in October, 2020, and was named B.1.617.2 scientifically.

　　In May this year, in order to avoid the stigma associated with a specific country and facilitate its use, WHO announced the use of Greek letters to name the mutant strains found in various countries.

　　The four mutant strains listed as "needing attention" by WHO have new names corresponding to the first four letters of the Greek alphabet: alpha, beta, gamma and delta.

　　Among them, alpha, beta and gamma mutant strains all have a mutation called "N501Y", which seems to strengthen the infectivity of the virus to cells and make the virus spread more easily.

　　Beta and gamma mutant strains also have a key mutation, called "E484K", which may enable the virus to avoid being blocked by the immune system.

　　The mutation of "Delta" mutant strain is different. Initially, "Delta" was considered as a "double mutant" virus.

　　Maria Van Kokhov, Technical Director of WHO Health Emergency Project:First discovered and reported by India, there are two mutations, E484Q and L452R.

　　Djamil, dean of Trivedi School of Biological Sciences, Asoka University, pointed out in an exclusive interview with Xilong Times that the statement of "double mutation" is not accurate. The Delta variety contains 15 mutations in total, 6 of which occur in spike protein, and 3 of them are key: L452R, E484Q and P681R.

　　L452R improves the ability of virus to invade cells, E484Q helps to enhance the immune escape of virus, and P681R can also make virus enter cells more effectively.

　　The combined effect of these mutations makes the "Delta" mutant strain partially avoid some neutralizing antibodies, so it is more infectious.

　　Maria Van Kokhov, Technical Director of WHO Health Emergency Project:We know that the "Delta" variant does increase the spread, which means that it can be more easily spread among people. This is related to known mutations, which allow viruses to adhere to cells and invade cells more easily.

　　The BBC synthesized data from Imperial College London and The Lancet magazine, and compared the basic infection number of COVID-19 mutant strain with other viruses, that is, R0.

　　R0 of "Alpha" mutant strain is 4-mdash; 5. That is to say, without any intervention of epidemic prevention measures, a patient infected with "Alpha" mutant strain can continue to transmit the virus to 4— Five people.

　　R0 of Delta mutant strain is 5-mdash; 8；

　　The R0 of mumps is 12;

　　The R0 of measles is 18.

　　A study in The Lancet, an international medical journal, shows that the risk of hospitalization is twice as high for people infected with the "Delta" mutant strain as for people infected with the "Alpha" mutant strain.

　　Hairdressing shop owner Shawang:We used to earn 300,000 to 350,000 rupees a month, but now we are completely losing money, and most hairdressers have returned to their villages.

　　This is Maharashtra, one of India’s major economic and cultural centers.

　　According to the international authoritative journal Nature, in the past few months, the highly contagious "Delta" mutant strain has spread rapidly in India and has become the main strain prevalent in Maharashtra. But the ferocity of "Delta" does not stop there.

　　In March this year, researchers first discovered a further variant of the "Delta+"strain in Europe. In early April, "Delta+"was also detected in Maharashtra.

　　According to a report by India’s New Delhi TV Station on June 23rd, at least 40 cases of "Delta+"infection have been found in seven Indian states including Maharashtra, Kerala and Madhya Pradesh, among which Maharashtra has reported more than 20 cases.

　　Trust card for director of hospital intensive care unit:A large number of vulnerable people live in rural areas, suburbs and small towns. This time we expect the virus to spread to these areas intelligently.

　　At present, two-thirds of the new cases in COVID-19 come from rural areas, and about 30% of the urban population has been vaccinated with at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, compared with only 15% in rural areas.

　　Local health workers also said: "When we go for virus testing or talk to them, sometimes people will tell us to leave, otherwise they will beat us, and sometimes they will throw stones and bricks."

　　This week, the Ministry of Health of India pointed out that the "Delta+"strain has stronger transmission ability, and adjusted the classification of this new strain from "variant of interest" to "variant of concern".

　　Maharashtra Health Minister Top:We have issued instructions to all subordinate officials to pay close attention to infection cases related to "Delta+"variant.

　　According to a report by the BBC on the 24th, the "Delta+"strain has been found in at least 10 countries including the United States, Britain, Portugal, Switzerland, Japan and Russia. Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, has recently entered a full blockade every weekend.

　　Portuguese National Guard spokesperson Cagnotto:Drivers know the rules, they know that it is forbidden to leave and enter Lisbon metropolitan area, and the traffic on Friday afternoon is much less than usual.

　　Newsstand operator:I think all measures to reduce the number of cases are good. I am located in the city center and I see that all foreign tourists don’t wear masks.

　　Lisbon and the Tejo Valley are the regions with the most serious epidemic in Portugal.

　　According to the report released by the Portuguese National Institute of Health, among the recent new cases in Lisbon, the infection cases related to the "Delta" mutant strain accounted for more than 60%, and some local epidemiologists believe that this proportion has reached 70%.

　　Due to the obvious deterioration of the epidemic, the United Kingdom removed Portugal from the British green navigation list in early June.

　　Simon, an English tourist in Portugal:I’m very angry. I’ve missed half my holiday. Now it costs me a lot of money to change my flight in order not to be quarantined after returning home.

　　On June 21st, Portuguese Health Minister temido said that the spread speed of the "Delta" mutant strain has exceeded the speed of vaccination.

　　Portuguese cabinet spokesman da Silva:We think it’s very important now not to let Lisbon’s current difficulties spread to other regions.

　　On June 23rd, the gymnasium of Lisbon University was temporarily used as the vaccination center for COVID-19, which was operated by the Portuguese Armed Forces to vaccinate people over 50 years old. President De appeared at the vaccination site.

　　Portuguese President De:We are here to call attention to this priority, and the Portuguese are racing against time with unity and cooperation.

　　On June 24th, during the EU summit, German Chancellor Angela Merkel said that Germany and Europe were treading on thin ice.

　　German Chancellor Angela Merkel:We need to be vigilant, especially in the face of Covid-19’s new variety "Delta", which reminds us to be cautious.

　　A few days ago, Merkel had just received the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine.

　　Willer, Director of robert koch Research Institute:Since the second week of June, because there is always a certain time lag in statistics, the proportion has reached 15%, but we think the proportion will certainly be higher today.

　　German Federal Minister of Health Span warned that it was only a matter of time before the Delta strain continued to spread and became the most important strain in Germany.

　　On June 23rd, the European Center for Disease Control and Prevention released the latest epidemic model forecast: It is estimated that by the beginning of August, 70% of the newly confirmed cases in the EU and EEA countries will be caused by the "Delta" mutant strain, and by the end of August, this proportion will rise to 90%.

　　Kruger, Director of the WHO Regional Office for Europe:The worrying "Delta" variety, showing stronger transmission and some immune escape ability, is preparing to take root in the European region.

　　In contrast, on June 24th, US President Biden appeared in Raleigh, the "Oak City" in North Carolina. According to Bloomberg, this is a vaccine trip.

　　US President Biden:The dangerous mutant strain continues to spread, and it is now a very common variant in the United States. People who are not vaccinated are very vulnerable, which is also a concern of experts about the "Delta" strain.

　　In May this year, Biden confidently announced the next stage of epidemic prevention goal in the United States, that is, 70% of American adults should be vaccinated with at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine before July 4, the day of American independence, and 160 million American adults should be vaccinated with two doses.

　　However, according to the CDC data, as of June 22nd, only about 65% of adults in the United States have received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Only 55% in North Carolina. White House officials admit that Biden’s epidemic prevention goal may not be completed as scheduled.

　　White House COVID-19 Epidemic Response Coordinator Zienz:There is still a lot of work to be done in this country, especially for people aged 18 to 26. The fact is that many young people in the United States feel that the COVID-19 epidemic will not affect them, and they have no desire to get vaccinated.

　　On June 24th, a strange conversation between Biden and CNN reporter further aroused people’s anxiety.

　　In the eyes of some Americans, Biden was once again questioned as to whether he could be trusted, except for the new nickname "Joe the Terrible".

　　Defense lawyer Woodfield:For the first time in the history of our country, private employers told their employees that as a condition of your employment, you must take part in the vaccine test, which has never happened in the history of our country.

　　In Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas, hundreds of employees were fired or forced to resign because they didn’t want to be vaccinated. Nurse bridges took the lead in bringing a lawsuit against the hospital.

　　Bridges, a former nurse at Houston Methodist Hospital:At first, 117 people joined us, and now we will add another 70 people. We hope that Methodist hospitals will be responsible for their actions, and we hope that the public will know that we should not lose our jobs.

　　Bloomberg pointed out that the COVID-19 epidemic is spreading rapidly in several states with insufficient vaccination, especially in Missouri and Utah, where more and more young people go to hospitals. These data release a clear signal that the epidemic in the United States has rebounded.

　　Frederick, Chief Executive Officer of Missouri Mercy Hospital:At the end of this week, 60% to 65% of the patients who entered the intensive care unit were under 40 years old, which was shocking compared with last year.

　　According to the data released by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on June 22nd, more than 20% of the newly confirmed cases in the United States in the last two weeks were infected with the "Delta" strain, while in the report released on June 8th, this figure was only about 6%.

　　Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases:Now this proportion is 20%, and it can be predicted that it will become the main virus-causing strain in the next few weeks to a month.

　　At present, the high-profile European Championship is in full swing in 11 European countries, and in the face of the fierce counterattack epidemic, UEFA is also very headache about what to do in the next competition.

　　Not only that, there is only less than one month before the opening of the Tokyo Olympics. This week, Japanese public health experts also said that "the Tokyo epidemic tends to rebound, which is very worrying."

　　On June 25th, Beijing time, UEFA announced the best team in the group stage of the European Championship, among which Cristiano Ronaldo, the Portuguese star who was crowned the top scorer in the history of the European Championship finals, was selected with the highest score.

　　Wembley Stadium in London, England will be the venue for the semi-finals and finals of the European Championship. On June 22nd, UEFA announced that the British government has agreed to further increase the attendance rate of Wembley Stadium during the European Championship, and the opening rate of the stadium will increase from 25% during the group stage to 75%, which means that more than 60,000 spectators will be accepted in each of the three semi-finals on July 6th and 7th and the final on July 11th.

　　Wembley Stadium will witness the largest audience of British sports events in 15 months, the British Department of Digitalization, Culture, Media and Sports wrote on the top official Twitter.

　　British Health Minister Hancock:The European Championship is going well. The final will be held at Wembley Stadium. I also went to Wembley on Friday night. It was great to hear the noise of the crowd again.

　　However, the recent obvious deterioration of the epidemic in Britain has also caused many people to worry about whether holding large-scale events here will bring risks.

　　Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi:Yes, I advocate that the finals should not be held in countries where the risk of infection is growing rapidly.

　　German Chancellor Angela Merkel:Britain is a high-risk area for virus variants, which means that anyone from Britain to Germany will need to be quarantined for 14 days.

　　Since May, the number of newly confirmed cases in Britain has increased rapidly, and has recently rebounded to more than 10,000 cases per day.

　　On June 25th, the British Ministry of Public Health said that among the newly confirmed cases in the past week, 96% were caused by the "Delta" strain, compared with 99% in the previous week, and the cumulative number of people suffering from the "Delta" strain in Britain has reached 11157.

　　British Prime Minister Johnson:This is why we are so worried about the "Delta" variant, which is now spreading faster than the third wave of epidemic predicted in February.

　　On June 18th, the match between England and Scotland was held at Wembley Stadium, and a large number of Scottish fans "went south" into London, which brought a lot of pressure to the prevention and control of the epidemic in London.

　　On June 13th, Sadiq Khan, the mayor of London, was photographed celebrating the 1-0 victory of the Three Lions in Trafalgar Square. The excited crowd seemed to have completely forgotten to observe the epidemic prevention regulations.

　　According to the British "Times" report, among the 24 teams participating in the European Championship, except England, Scotland and Wales, the countries and regions to which the other teams belong are all on the orange or even red list of the epidemic in the UK. According to the British epidemic prevention policy, they must be quarantined for 10 days after arriving in the UK. Previously, the British government granted "isolation exemption" to the players, coaches and staff of the participating teams in order to hold the event smoothly. However, UEFA requested that 2,500 officials and VIPs also be granted "isolation exemption" so that they can directly enter Wembley Stadium to watch the game.

　　This puts the British government in a dilemma. If it accepts UEFA’s request, it will arouse the dissatisfaction of its own people. If it refuses, UEFA threatens to move both semi-finals and finals to Budapest, Hungary, where the epidemic situation is well controlled, which is also unacceptable to Britain.

　　The same dilemma also happened in Japan. On June 20th, the Olympic Village of the Tokyo Olympic Games was opened to the media for the first time, and the place where more than 10,000 athletes from more than 200 countries and regions lived was finally presented to the world.

　　Seiko Hashimoto, Chairman of the Tokyo Olympic Organizing Committee:With regard to the response to the COVID-19 epidemic, up to now, 80% of all people from all over the world have been vaccinated.

　　However, just the day before, on the 19th, one of the nine members of the Ugandan delegation who arrived in Tokyo tested positive for COVID-19 screening at the airport. Japanese Olympic Secretary Tamayo Marukawa confirmed that this person was infected with the "Delta" mutant strain. However, all members of the Ugandan delegation had completed two doses of vaccination before going to Japan and provided negative test certificates within 72 hours. On the 23rd, another member of the Ugandan delegation was tested positive, and many Japanese workers who came into contact with it were also isolated, which cast a shadow over the upcoming Olympic Games.

　　On July 23rd, the Tokyo Olympic Games is about to open, less than a month from now. According to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun, about 94,000 people will enter Japan during the Olympic Games, which has sparked a debate about the number of spectators at the Olympic Games.

　　On June 21st, the Japanese government, the Tokyo Olympic Organizing Committee, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee held five-party talks online, and it was formally decided that the number of people watching the Olympic Games on site should not exceed 50% of the venue capacity, with a maximum of 10,000 people.

　　Seiko Hashimoto, Chairman of the Tokyo Olympic Organizing Committee:We have received a suggestion that if no spectators are allowed to enter, we can hold the Olympic Games more safely.

　　Many experts, including Shigeru Omi, the chief medical consultant of the Japanese government, believe that it is the least risky way to hold an event without an audience.

　　Only in this way, the publicity effect of the Tokyo Olympic Games will be weakened. For the upcoming election of the Japanese House of Representatives after the Olympic Games, the boosting effect will also be discounted. Kyodo News noted that Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide was anxious about this situation.

　　Japanese Prime Minister Suga Yoshihide:If it is necessary to implement a state of emergency, I will respond flexibly, not open the stadium to any audience, and hold an event with public safety as the first priority.

　　According to the research forecast of Xipu Bo, a professor of epidemiology at Kyoto University, by July 23rd, the opening of the Tokyo Olympic Games, the positive cases caused by the "Delta" mutant strain will account for 70% of all newly confirmed cases.

　　According to the results of a poll released by Kyodo News, among 2,000 respondents, 86% are worried that the Olympic Games and Paralympics will lead to the further expansion of the epidemic, 40.3% think that the Olympic Games should be held in an empty venue, and 30.8% think that it should be cancelled.

　　Tokyo citizens:As a resident, I am worried that the city may become crowded and Covid-19 will spread further.

　　Regarding the situation of epidemic prevention and control, Indian immunologist Barr stressed that no matter what kind of Covid-19 is targeted at, "vaccination will always put you in a better position to fight infection".

　　Wen _ Dianbingtang

　　It is said that at the end of World War II, the German Third Reich, which was violently attacked by the East and West lines of the Allies, came to an end in the rumble of guns.

　　Driven by madness and despair, German scientists put all their eggs in one basket and put forward a large number of new weapon designs, such as the "Giant Mouse" super heavy tank weighing more than 1,000 tons and the "Silver Bird" space plane with a range of 20,000 kilometers. These weapons, which are divorced from rationality and common sense, are jokingly called "Nazi black technology" by future military enthusiasts.

　　Among them, there is a "black technology" with the strongest power and the largest amount of work-and it is also the most impossible to achieve. This is the protagonist of this article: the solar cannon.

　　The fantasy of the solar cannon originated in 1929. In this year, hermann oberth, a famous German rocket scientist, accidentally opened a shocking brain hole in the process of daily research: launching a huge reflector with a diameter of 100 meters into space, which can reflect sunlight to the earth at night. In this way, ordinary crops can enjoy the sunshine 24 hours a day, and the growth rate can be greatly accelerated, thus rapidly increasing the grain output of the fields. In addition, large cities can also get enough light, thus saving a lot of electricity consumed in the lighting system.

　　Oberth recalled: "The sun mirror I imagined is like a naughty student reflecting on the ceiling of the classroom with a mirror. If this light shines across the teacher’s face, it will probably cause him unhappiness. And I am a school teacher who has collected enough data to make this mirror. "

　　With the outbreak of World War II, oberth and his favorite pupil, the famous German rocket scientist Werner wernher von braun, were recruited into the German rocket research and development department to develop the famous V-2 rocket for the army. In the process, oberth revealed the idea of this orbital solar reflector to the German army. After understanding the specific working principle, the German army organized a group of experts to improve oberth’s ideas. In the end, the orbital solar reflector originally conceived for peaceful use was transformed into the doomsday weapon plan of the German army: the solar cannon!

　　In fact, reflecting sunlight as a weapon is not a brand-new design. As early as more than two thousand years ago, there was a legend in Greece that Archimedes used a reflector to focus sunlight and burn the invading Roman fleet. However, the Nazis magnified the power of this concept to an unprecedented order of magnitude this time. According to the German vision, as long as a giant concave mirror is launched into space and enough sunlight is gathered, it can produce an ultra-high temperature that no defense facility can resist, burn enemy warships on the ground and even destroy enemy cities!

　　At that time, it seemed that the idea of solar cannon as an orbital weapon was undoubtedly very advanced. Once it is realized, it is definitely conan the destroyer’s big killer. However, the rocket technology of World War II is still in its infancy. Nazi Germany consumed a lot of resources and only developed a V-2 ballistic missile with a bomb load of 1 ton. It is undoubtedly an idiotic dream to use it to launch solar cannons that must be deployed in high-altitude space orbit. After the war, oberth and Braun were captured by American troops together. During the interrogation, oberth poured beans out of the bamboo tube and gave the details of the solar gun plan to the American interrogators in detail.

　　When the news reached Life magazine in the United States, the olfactory-sensitive editor was immediately attracted by the theme "The Nazis tried to scorch the earth with a sun mirror". They started at full speed at once. In July 1945, when the Second World War was not completely over, Life magazine made this amazing secret weapon of Nazi Germany public.

　　According to Life magazine, Nazi Germany’s solar cannon is an unprecedented giant weapon and the largest artificial object ever designed by human beings. In order to focus enough sunlight and cause devastating killing effect, this weapon will be suspended in a space orbit with a height of 8,200 kilometers, with a reflector area of over 9 square kilometers and a weight of one million tons. Once completed, it will be more than 100,000 times more powerful than Archimedes’ mirror, and it can easily destroy any big city, which can be called killing people and killing Buddha!

　　According to the idea of Nazi scientists, the work of building a space station began with the launch of an unmanned rocket. When the rocket enters the 8200-kilometer-high orbit, it will unfold six long metal cables, which are only about 0.5-1.5 inches in diameter, and will be deployed in place by themselves under the rotation of the rocket as the starting skeleton of the solar cannon project.

　　Next, the subsequent rocket will transport a pair of sunglasses components from the earth to space. These sunglasses components are essentially hollow metal frames made of sodium. On the earth, high-purity metallic sodium will be rapidly oxidized and lose its luster. However, there is no such problem in space. Sodium metal has good reflection effect and low density, and it is an ideal raw material for sunglasses in the eyes of Germans. Along the skeleton, the sunglasses components are pieced together one by one, and the installation angles are slightly different from each other. Finally, a huge concave mirror can be assembled, and the solar cannon is finished.

　　After the solar cannon is completed, this huge mirror will leave a round hole with a diameter of 30 feet wide as a connecting channel. The cargo rocket launched from the earth will be inserted into this round hole in a seamless way to transport building materials and supplies for the solar cannon. In fact, as long as we compare the modern space station, we can find that the German design was too complicated. As long as the operation is a little careless, the launch vehicle is likely to cause irreparable damage to the docking channel, which will directly affect the safety of the solar cannon. However, in the 1940s, it was not easy for German scientists to have such a design.

　　The solar cannon is actually a giant space station, which needs to accommodate a large number of people for daily maintenance. To this end, German scientists deliberately launched various designs.

　　First of all, the energy problem of solar cannons should be solved. In this space station with an area of 9 square kilometers and a weight of millions of tons, the operation of any equipment needs the promotion of energy. Where does the energy come from? The reader’s first reaction may be to directly convert sunlight into electric energy. However, in the 1940s, the technology of solar cells was still far from mature, so the Germans chose the principle of steam turbine-placing a transparent totally enclosed water tank on the outside of sunglasses, using sunlight to heat water, generating high-temperature and high-pressure steam, driving the turbine to drive the generator, and then transporting the cooled water back to the water tank, thus generating a steady stream of electric energy.

　　Secondly, in the 8200-kilometer-high orbit, the interior of the space station is almost weightless. In order to make workers move relatively freely, scientists have designed special "space shoes", with magnets installed on the soles, which can be stably adsorbed on the metal floor to create an environment similar to the ground.

　　However, the next question is quite important. Living in space, where does the oxygen that workers breathe come from? How to get food?

　　The German solution made future generations feel incredible-pumpkin!

　　From the perspective of Nazi scientists, pumpkins can effectively consume carbon dioxide exhaled by workers and provide sufficient oxygen, and more importantly, pumpkins are nutritious and healthy food. As for eating pumpkins all day, will it lead to a decline in staff morale? Germans don’t seem to think too much. Maybe in their view, this is a problem that can be solved by preparing more spices. As a result, thousands of hydroponic farms were placed inside the space station, all of which were used to grow pumpkins. It is worth mentioning that these pumpkins can’t be directly exposed to sunlight, because there is a lack of air in outer space, which can’t filter out some cosmic rays that are unfavorable to plant growth. Therefore, some of the electric energy output by the generator of the space station is used for fluorescent lamps instead of sunlight to illuminate pumpkins and help them carry out photosynthesis.

　　After providing a suitable living environment, the next step is the control of the solar cannon. How to aim at a target and focus sunlight on a point is a very challenging job. Behind the mirror with an area of 9 square kilometers, there are many miniature rocket engines. By adjusting the thrust of the engine, the staff can push the solar cannon to rotate slowly. What needs to be explained here is that even with the back to the sun, the other side of the mirror is polished to minimize the solar radiation.

　　In addition to marveling at the huge amount of work, Life magazine thinks that the height of solar cannons is low, and the best deployment position should be geosynchronous orbit 36,000 kilometers away from the earth. Here, the solar cannon can keep relatively static with the earth, and the staff have enough time to adjust the angle of the mirror and aim at the target on the earth. In addition, American calculations show that the diameter of the spot reflected by the solar cannon to the earth may be 40 miles, which means that the focusing effect is not enough to produce any destructive power.

　　For this, oberth did not agree. "This beam is really not hotter than the sun on the equator, but if the diameter of the mirror is doubled, the irradiation intensity will be four times, and the temperature of the beam irradiated on the ground will be as high as 200 degrees. This beam may not be able to directly burn the city or blow up the battleship, but it can definitely cook the humans on the ground! "

　　When the war ended, oberth devoted himself to the study of UFO phenomenon, and firmly believed that human beings would one day be able to build the solar reflector he envisioned and put it into peaceful use. On December 28th, 1989, when the Iron Curtain of the Cold War was about to fall, oberth died quietly. At this time, his dream-the goal of making a sun mirror in earth orbit-has still not been realized.

　　What oberth didn’t know was that after the war, at the other end of the Iron Curtain, a Soviet rocket scientist was trying to realize his ideal.

　　In the late 1980s, Vladimir Sergevich Syromyatnikov (hereinafter referred to as Tennikov), a famous Soviet space scientist and inventor of the docking mechanism of Soviet/International Space Station spacecraft, came up with a solar reflector scheme to solve the lighting problem in the polar regions of the Soviet Union at midnight. Although the solar reflector he designed was not as crazy as the Nazi German solar cannon, it was enough to provide a full moon-like lighting effect for the area 5 kilometers above Fiona Fang. According to Tennikov’s idea, this design can completely ensure night lighting, making street lamps and flashlights a decoration.

　　Soon after, the powerful red empire collapsed, but Tennikov’s solar mirror plan was unexpectedly unaffected. On October 27th, 1992, the cargo ship "Progress M-15" was successfully launched with the solar reflector "Flag 2" designed by Tennikov. After completing the replenishment mission for the Mir space station, Progress M-15 left the Mir space station on February 4, 1993, and then launched a 20-meter-wide "Flag 2" solar reflector in orbit near the space station to carry out preliminary theoretical experiments. This experiment was quite successful. The "Flag 2" solar reflector successfully illuminated a 5-kilometer-wide area, and the brightness was almost comparable to that of the full moon! In the end, this solar mirror followed the "Progress M-15" into the atmosphere and burned out.

　　Tennikov was greatly encouraged and designed "Flag 2.5" again. According to his prediction, this 25-meter-wide improved solar reflector can produce brightness equal to 5-10 full moons when it is started, illuminating a circular area with a diameter of 7 kilometers. Unfortunately, after the launch, an accident occurred during the deployment of the "Flag 2.5" solar reflector. At that time, a lens was caught in the communication antenna of Mir space station, and the strong communication antenna quickly tore the lens, causing the sunglasses to lose control. In the end, this attempt failed, and this solar mirror, together with the cargo ship "Progress", was burned when it re-entered the atmosphere. Tennikov’s solar mirror plan was cancelled by the Russian Space Agency, which had poor financial resources, because of its high cost.

　　However, Tennikov didn’t give up easily. He went around trying to find new investors, hoping to carry on his solar mirror plan. In order to raise funds, Tennikov almost devoted his efforts to this project. Unfortunately, until his death in 2006, Tennikov had not raised enough funds to continue his "Flag" project.

　　Throughout the development of solar cannons, we can see that there are three obvious shortcomings that limit the development of this equipment.

　　First of all, the cost of building a solar cannon is amazing! According to oberth’s original idea, his solar cannon would cost $3 billion-an astronomical sum at that time. Even the Manhattan Project of the United States to develop nuclear weapons at the same time cost only $2 billion! Compared with the atomic bomb that can instantly destroy a big city, oberth’s solar cannons cost a lot, but even people on the ground are hard to kill, which is obviously not worth it.

　　At the same time, to build a huge solar cannon in space orbit, its engineering quantity and assembly difficulty are very amazing. Although oberth once imagined that this million-ton solar cannon could be built in 15-20 years. But until today, the most Ushizo object assembled by human beings in Earth orbit is only the "International Space Station" with a total weight of 500 tons-this is the result of the cooperation of dozens of countries, including the United States and Russia, in 20 years! Moreover, compared with the international space station built by docking module, the engineering complexity of the solar cannon is several times more difficult: because each mirror must be accurately installed in place, the workers responsible for assembling the solar cannon must wear heavy spacesuits and manipulate wrench tools to install the mirrors one by one, which is difficult for ordinary people to imagine. Even by the time standard of building the International Space Station, it takes at least a dozen generations of efforts and hundreds of years to complete a solar cannon with a weight of one million tons!

　　In addition, the vulnerability of solar cannons is also a problem that people must consider. Although solar cannons in orbit can intercept incoming anti-satellite missiles by reflecting sunlight. However, in wartime, the enemy is likely to use a large number of missiles to launch a saturation attack on this orbital mirror. As long as one missile breaks through the interception line and hits the solar cannon, it can destroy a large number of mirrors and make this expensive special weapon a waste. Moreover, even in peacetime, solar cannons face a major threat-space junk that can be seen everywhere in space orbit. Because of its huge size, the solar cannon has become an excellent target for space junk flying at high speed. As long as space junk destroys one of the mirrors, the effect of the whole solar gun system will be greatly reduced.

　　Although the practical application of solar cannons has encountered many difficulties, this does not mean that no one will carry forward the concept of orbital reflector. On March 23, 1983, President Ronald Reagan announced the strategic defense plan of the United States-the famous "Star Wars" plan. In this ambitious plan, the US military also used an orbital light reflector. However, the light source of these light reflectors is no longer ordinary sunlight, but high-energy laser emitted from the ground! According to the U.S. military’s vision, this weapon can directly reflect the high-energy laser beam emitted by the ground excimer laser transmitter and destroy the enemy ballistic missiles that are on the rise. Once a nuclear war breaks out, the United States can use this weapon to quickly destroy the incoming Soviet ballistic missiles, and then launch a retaliatory nuclear strike without worrying that the nuclear bomb will fall on its own head.

　　Of course, such a powerful weapon still needs to pay a price. Because the laser beam must penetrate the atmosphere, and then be transmitted to the attacking satellite through the relay satellite and then refracted to the target, the laser transmitter on the ground must be very powerful to be competent for this work. In order to achieve this goal, Americans put a lot of money into the development of ground lasers. Until the "Star Wars" project was cut by President Clinton in 1993, the ground laser station for providing light source was still not developed. In the end, the orbital reflector scheme was abandoned by the US military, and the development experience related to the project was applied to other laser weapon research projects of the US military.

　　Although the solar cannon and its derivative products have not been successful in reality, it does not mean that it cannot be a popular weapon in various cartoons, games and movies. In the story of the classic sci-fi cartoon "mobile suit 0079", Ji Wengjun owns a solar shaped gun transformed from a colonial satellite. In the subsequent development of the plot, this solar cannon directly swept the fleet of the Union Army and destroyed one-third of the main ships of the other side. This led to a forced attack by the Union Army of the Earth, which destroyed this threatening solar shaped charge gun. However, this solar energy gathering gun provides energy through the surrounding solar panels, which is essentially different from the working principle of the solar energy gun envisioned by oberth.

　　Besides appearing in the mobile suit series, Sun Cannon also appeared in the Resident Evil series of games. In the plot background of the game Resident Evil: Revelation, a maritime city in the Mediterranean Sea, Tra Griga, collects sunlight through an orbiting solar reflector to provide sufficient solar energy for lighting. When the "Hound" organization launched a biochemical terrorist attack in the city, which turned the whole city into a hell full of monsters, the top management of the Federal Bioterrorism Committee decided to turn the solar reflector into a solar cannon and emit a high-energy beam to completely destroy the city. As Terra Griga was completely reduced to ashes by high-energy beams, the story of the game-Floating Island Panic came to an end.

　　However, the most original work of oberth’s solar cannon design is the last 007 film "Die Another Day" starring pierce brosnan. In this movie, James Bond’s enemies have a solar cannon in orbit exactly as oberth imagined. In the film, this solar cannon destroyed the rocket car driven by Bond, the huge ice sculpture building, the missiles that attacked the solar cannon, and even the transport plane that the villain was riding! Perhaps the director of the film wants to pay tribute to oberth, the visionary of the orbital solar reflector. When the villain in the film announced the existence of the solar gun, he deliberately advocated that the orbital gun was only used for "civil lighting".

　　Although oberth’s idea of a solar cannon, and the idea of an orbital reflector derived from it, has not yet come true. However, his solar cannon is still active in many sci-fi works and is regarded as a classic sci-fi technology setting, which makes people feel very gratified. With the continuous development of space science and technology, maybe in the near future, someone will follow oberth’s legacy, solve the technical problems that limit the development of solar cannons, and finally develop an orbital reflector for the peaceful use of solar energy for the benefit of mankind!

CCTV News:According to the construction schedule of China Space Station,In May and June this year, the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft and the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft will be launched respectively.Among them, there are three astronauts on Shenzhou 12 who will form a flight crew and will stay in orbit for three months.

At present, the Long March 7 Tele-3 launch vehicle, which carried out the launch mission of the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft, has completed all the development work before leaving the factory, and has arrived safely at the Wenchang Space Launch Site in Hainan. Together with the Tianzhou-2 cargo spacecraft that has arrived earlier, the final assembly and testing work in the launch site are carried out as planned. According to the plan, 11 missions will be carried out in succession this year and next, including three space station cabin launches, four cargo spacecraft launches and four manned spacecraft launches. The on-orbit construction of the space station will be completed in 2022, and all the mission objectives of the "three-step" development strategy of the project will be realized. At this time, it is exactly 30 years since the manned spaceflight project was officially launched.

The manned spacecraft carrying out the Shenzhou-12 manned space mission and the Long March-2 F-12 carrier rocket have also completed all the development work before leaving the factory. At present, they have been safely delivered to Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in batches to carry out the assembly and testing work in the launch site, and the astronaut crew carrying out the manned space mission is undergoing intensive training. The last time China launched the Shenzhou manned spacecraft was on October 17th, 2016. Shenzhou XI carried out the sixth manned mission in China. At that time, the astronauts who took the Shenzhou XI flight were Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong, who worked in orbit for 33 days. Among them, Jing Haipeng flew for the third time and was the astronaut who went into space the most times so far.

　　Cctv newsAccording to the National Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention, research shows that myopia is the result of many factors, and children and adolescents are generally susceptible. On the basis of considering multiple causes, such as environmental and behavioral factors, genetic factors, eye evolution law and social and cultural factors, this paper puts forward intervention techniques for children and adolescents’ myopia, and adopts three-level prevention strategies to implement comprehensive public health intervention measures to prevent, reduce and slow down the occurrence and development of children and adolescents’ myopia.

　　First, the prevention of public health intervention technology

　　(1) Monitoring, evaluation and intervention of myopia risk behaviors.

　　1. Students’ eye behavior evaluation. For students of different school ages, the eye behavior evaluation form for kindergarten and primary school students in grades 1-3 (parent version) (attached table 1) and the eye behavior evaluation form for primary school students in grades 4-6 (student version) (attached table 2) were used to evaluate the eye behavior of kindergarten to middle school students, and to identify the risk behavior factors that affect myopia of children and adolescents, such as insufficient outdoor activities, excessive use of electronic products, lack of sleep or large social time difference, reading and writing.

　　2. Application of evaluation results. According to the specific risk factors, teachers and parents should change the bad eye behavior of children and adolescents (the contents listed in Schedule 1 and Schedule 2 can be used as the contents of health education and behavior standards).

　　3. Promote good eye use behavior with appropriate technology. Actively develop or use the existing appropriate technologies for myopia prevention and control, and apply them to promote the development of children and adolescents’ rational eye use behavior. For example, the height of the desk and chair measuring ruler (desk and chair deployment measuring ruler), correct reading and writing posture wall chart, light monitor, eye relaxation exercises, etc.

　　(2) The visual environment of schools, families and communities has been improved.

　　1. The construction of school visual friendly environment. Schools should provide students with good lighting and lighting environment according to the Hygienic Requirements for Prevention and Control of Myopia in School Supplies for Children and Adolescents (GB40070-2021). Each class should be equipped with desks and chairs to allocate measuring ruler, measure the height range of students regularly and adjust the desks and chairs in time. Each classroom should be equipped with adjustable desks and chairs or 2-3 types of desks and chairs according to the height range of students. The desks and chairs of the same type can be placed in columns, and the height of desks and chairs should be adjusted individually once every semester according to the height and sitting height of students. According to the perspective of students’ seats, the lighting situation in the classroom and the changes of students’ eyesight, the school will change students’ seats at least once a month. Multimedia classrooms should choose large-size projectors or computer screens. Under the same screen size, choose products with high screen resolution.

　　2. Building a family visual friendly environment. The desk should be placed so that its long axis is perpendicular to the window. When studying during the day, natural light enters from the opposite side of the writing hand to avoid direct sunlight. The average illumination value of the desktop is not less than 300lx. Parents should adjust the height of desks and chairs regularly according to the growth and development of children and adolescents. Children and adolescents should be equipped with desk lamps that have passed the national compulsory product certification (CCC certification), and children and adolescents should turn on the ceiling lights in addition to using desk lamps when studying at night. When online learning is needed, electronic products with large screen such as TV and desktop computer should be selected, and electronic products with high screen resolution should be selected under the same screen size. The viewing distance of TV is not less than 4 times the diagonal distance of the screen, the horizontal viewing distance of computer is not less than 50cm, and the viewing distance of mobile phone is not less than 40cm. Children and teenagers don’t put televisions and computers in their bedrooms. They use dark curtains at night and don’t turn on the night light to sleep. Guide children and adolescents to avoid or reduce exposure to high brightness and blue light-rich electronic products at night.

　　3. Community visual friendly environment construction. Green space can prevent or slow down the occurrence and development of myopia in children and adolescents by increasing outdoor time and reducing screen time. Reasonable green land is set up in the community, with certain activity facilities, which is suitable for carrying out all kinds of parent-child outdoor activities. The night light environment of residential quarters should comply with the current national standards. Except for indicative and functional signs, advertising lighting is not suitable for residential buildings (districts). The glare limit of night lighting lamps in residential and pedestrian areas, the maximum allowable value of illumination on the outer surface of windows of residential buildings, and the maximum allowable value of luminous intensity of night lighting lamps in the direction of rooms should be strengthened in accordance with the Planning Standard for Urban Lighting Construction (CJJ/T 307-2019).

　　(3) 2 hours of outdoor activities and 1 hour of physical exercise during the day.

　　1. Ensure 2 hours of outdoor activities every day and 14 hours every week. According to the Grade and Description of Recommended Contents for Prevention and Control of Children and Adolescents’ Myopia by Outdoor Activities (Attached Table 3), school-age children have two hours of outdoor activities during the day, which are carried out inside and outside the school. The insufficient time for daytime outdoor activities on school days should be made up on weekends and reach at least 14 hours of daytime outdoor activities every week. Kindergarten children advocate three hours of outdoor activities during the day and put more conservation content outdoors.

　　2. Implement one-hour daytime outdoor activities on campus. The school arranges a 30-minute recess activity in the morning and afternoon, emphasizing outdoor activities and not sticking to the form and content of activities. Try to go to physical education class outdoors, and some indoor courses, such as class meetings, can be held outdoors. Set up outdoor activities interest groups and actively carry out various forms and rich contents of outdoor activities. Arrange extracurricular sports homework and provide high-quality exercise resources. Teachers should promptly remind students and class "eye guards" to supervise students to walk out of the classroom for 10 minutes between classes.

　　3. Grasp the one-hour outdoor activities outside school. It is recommended that children and adolescents have a full or staged walking to school, and junior students should be accompanied by their parents. Parents encourage and actively participate in children’s extracurricular activities, complete extracurricular sports homework, and go outdoors and go to nature with their children on weekends and holidays. Schools, parents and students cooperate, actively explore the development of peer-to-peer school groups, increase the time of outdoor activities during the day, enhance exchanges between students, and reduce parental companionship.

　　4. Exercise for 1 hour every day. According to the requirements of myopia prevention and control, children and adolescents should be outdoors for 2 hours every day, but according to the requirements of physical and mental health promotion, children and adolescents should be engaged in moderate to high-intensity physical activities for at least 60 minutes every day, mainly aerobic exercise. High-intensity aerobic exercise and muscle and bone strengthening exercise should be carried out at least three days a week. Taking physical education class as the starting point, the school guides students to carry out physical exercise, and brings the daytime outdoor physical exercise time into the range of 2 hours of daily outdoor activities.

　　(4) Health education for all teachers, students and parents.

　　1. Strengthen teachers’ health education ability. The school cooperates with public health professional institutions and medical colleges and universities to organize teachers to carry out health education and training on myopia prevention and control, so that teachers can master myopia prevention knowledge. Trained teachers popularize myopia prevention and control knowledge through health education classes, parent-teacher conferences, and myopia prevention and control theme class meetings.

　　2. Improve students’ eye health literacy. Students should receive at least one health education course or theme class meeting for myopia prevention and control every semester to learn the knowledge and skills of eye protection in like eyes. Teachers guide students to make handwritten reports on myopia prevention knowledge, and carry out knowledge contests, group discussions, role-playing, etc. to improve students’ myopia prevention and control ability. Students will bring the knowledge of myopia prevention and control they have learned and mastered in school back to their families, which will influence their parents and give play to the role of "small hands and big hands" in myopia prevention and control. Advocate the school to train an "eye protector" or preacher in each class, publicize the knowledge about vision protection, and urge students to go out of the classroom during recess.

　　3. Enhance parents’ awareness of vision protection. Parents should take the initiative to learn like eyes’s knowledge and skills of eye care, educate and urge their children to use their eyes scientifically, improve family lighting, adjust the height of desks and chairs, and correct the thought and behavior of "paying more attention to treatment than prevention", so as to realize the myopia prevention and control situation of "holding hands with big hands".

　　4. Increase the construction of social supportive environment. Mobilize experts to enter schools and society, popularize scientific knowledge of myopia prevention, and educators and children and adolescents identify scientific vision correction measures. Experts and scholars actively compile and publish popular science materials and books on myopia prevention and control health education, and make new media health education materials. Professional institutions, schools and communities should join forces to promote the dissemination and sharing of health education information and improve the coverage and efficiency of health education by using mobile health platforms or technologies, such as smart phone applications, SMS services and telephone intervention. Severely crack down on the false and illegal marketing and propaganda behavior of children and adolescents’ myopia prevention and control products.

　　Second, the secondary prevention of public health intervention technology

　　(1) Vision health screening.

　　Establish a regular vision screening system, carry out poor vision screening, the screening frequency is not less than 2 times per academic year, standardize the recording of inspection contents, and establish information management of vision health. Pay attention to the standardization of screening and filing process, strengthen quality control, and implement closed-loop management of grading after screening. With the help of artificial intelligence technology, the degree of automation of vision screening is improved, and the work efficiency and popularization are improved.

　　(2) Early warning management of myopia.

　　Timely analysis of children’s and adolescents’ visual health, early screening of myopia and other ametropia, dynamic observation of the development and changes of children’s and adolescents’ refractive status in different periods, early detection of myopia tendency or trend, establishment of myopia early warning model, and formulation of applicable and feasible intervention measures to slow down the rapid and severe development of myopia. Combined with vision screening and file establishment, it is suggested that children and adolescents with normal vision but with high risk factors of myopia or insufficient hyperopia reserve should change their high-risk behaviors, and schools, families and communities should cooperate to increase outdoor activities during the day, reduce the behavior of using eyes at close range and improve the visual environment. For those with pre-myopia, we should give high-risk early warning and focus on intervention. It is suggested to go to professional institutions to receive professional examinations such as medical optometry, make a clear diagnosis and take corresponding measures in time to control and slow down the occurrence and development of myopia in children and adolescents.

　　Three, three prevention of public health intervention technology

　　(1) scientifically correct myopia.

　　For children and adolescents who are already nearsighted, parents should be instructed to take their children to professional institutions for examination and correction in time. If it is determined that they need to wear glasses after professional examination, parents should choose glasses with appropriate degrees for their children according to the requirements of doctors or optometrists, wear glasses according to the doctor’s advice, and conduct regular follow-up.

　　(2) Preventing and controlling the aggravation and complications of myopia.

　　For children and adolescents with early onset of myopia or rapid development of myopia, specialists should adopt optical correction, drug correction or traditional Chinese medicine to slow down the progress of myopia. Parents should go to regular medical institutions, choose measures suitable for their children under the guidance of doctors or optometrists, and use them according to the doctor’s advice. For children and adolescents with fundus pathological changes and other complications, parents should take their children to professional medical institutions for treatment by specialists in time.

　　Fourth, the specific implementation measures

　　(1) Grasp early and small, and implement it in the whole life cycle.

　　1. The implementation of vision health management pass forward. Early detection of the shortage of hyperopia reserves and timely intervention measures are the key to move forward the prevention and control of myopia for children and adolescents. Move forward in the prevention and control cycle, grasp early and grasp small; Move forward in the prevention and control link, from treatment to early warning; Move forward in the sense of prevention and carry out early intervention for students with healthy vision. Move the myopia defense line forward to pregnancy, infants and preschool stage. Strengthen parents’ and teachers’ awareness of myopia prevention and control, and regard infants, preschool children and lower grades of primary schools as the key links of myopia prevention and control.

　　2. Promote the prevention and control of myopia in the whole life cycle. From the perspective of the whole life cycle, it focuses on the potentially sensitive periods such as pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, infants, preschool, school age, etc., so as to reduce the impact of biological, environmental and behavioral risk factors in each period on the visual health of children and adolescents. From pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and perinatal period, develop a healthy lifestyle, monitor health status in real time, and reduce the risk of gestational diabetes, hypertension and premature delivery, so as to reduce the risk of myopia in children and adolescents. Implement the "Standard for Eye Care and Vision Examination Services for Children Aged 0-6", establish children’s eye health files, and make one file for each person, which will be transferred in real time with children and adolescents entering school. Popularize the scientific knowledge of children’s eye care to parents, and guide families to actively accept children’s eye care and vision examination services. Carry out health guidance, don’t touch the electronic screen before the age of 3, preschool children should try to avoid touching and using video electronic products, reduce the time of using their eyes at close range, increase the time of outdoor activities, maintain correct reading and writing posture, develop good sleep habits and ensure adequate and regular sleep. At school age, we should advocate at least one hour of outdoor activities in and out of school every day, reduce long-term close eye use and maintain adequate regular sleep. Implementing myopia prevention and control from the whole life cycle can realize the forward movement of myopia prevention and control and improve the vision health in the whole life cycle.

　　(B) the combination of prevention and control, the whole population and key population strategy.

　　1. The whole crowd strategy. Children and adolescents are generally susceptible to myopia, so it is necessary to take the whole population strategy to prevent and control myopia, carry out health education on myopia prevention and control, increase outdoor activities during the day, reduce long-term use of eyes at close range, build a visually friendly environment and other public health intervention measures to do a good job of prevention and control at the first level of the whole population.

　　2. Key population strategy. According to the stages of myopia, corresponding intervention measures should be carried out to reduce the risk of rapid development of myopia. For those with normal vision and sufficient hyperopia reserve, prevent the hyperopia reserve from being consumed prematurely. The main goal of prevention and control of myopia is to slow down the occurrence of myopia. Low myopia should control the progress of myopia, while high myopia should prevent fundus lesions and reduce the risk of blindness.

　　(three) demonstration and guidance, strengthen the prevention and control and intervention process and effect evaluation.

　　1. Pilot first, demonstration leading. Construct a six-in-one comprehensive prevention and control strategy of government leadership, responsibility of competent departments, monitoring of professional health institutions, school leadership, family cooperation and students’ subjectivity. Disease control institutions at all levels rely on the monitoring of common diseases and health influencing factors of students and the appropriate technology pilot platform to implement the monitoring of myopia of children and adolescents, guide and coordinate relevant parties to implement effective comprehensive public health intervention measures, and take outdoor activities and sports activities as the main starting point to realize the prevention of multiple diseases.

　　2. Pay attention to process and effect evaluation. Disease control institutions at all levels should regularly carry out students’ vision monitoring, deeply analyze the monitoring data over the years, and report the main students’ health problems and suggestions found in the monitoring to the local government in time. Based on the practical research method, the transformation and application from theory to practice can promote the implementation and dissemination of intervention actions. Conduct process and effect evaluation, introduce the implementation research framework and theoretical model, such as the process and effect indicators of comprehensive public health intervention for myopia prevention and control and its collection method (Table 4), comprehensively evaluate the accessibility, effectiveness, applicability and sustainability of intervention actions from the individual level and organizational level, and systematically evaluate the implementation effect of comprehensive public health intervention for children and adolescents with myopia.

　　

　　On August 2, US Speaker of the House of Representatives Pelosi insisted on visiting Taiwan, China despite China’s strong opposition and solemn representations. The People’s Liberation Army of China countered with practical actions. Since August 2, it has launched a series of joint military operations around Taiwan Island. From 12: 00 on August 4 to 12: 00 on August 7, it conducted important military exercises in the designated sea areas and airspace, and organized live-fire shooting. Why is the area of the China People’s Liberation Army’s training exercise so demarcated? What are the characteristics of the training content and participating troops? What do you want to achieve through this training? Meng Xiangqing, a professor at National Defense University, analyzed and interpreted the related issues one by one.

　　• On August 2, US Speaker of the House of Representatives Pelosi insisted on visiting Taiwan, China despite China’s strong opposition and solemn representations. After the incident, People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC)’s spokesperson, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Taiwan Province Work Office, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Foreign Affairs Committee and Ministry of National Defense’s spokespersons immediately issued statements, statements and talks, which were firmly opposed and severely condemned.

　　• Late at night on August 2nd, China Xie Feng, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs was ordered to urgently summon U.S. Ambassador to China Burns to make solemn representations and strong protests to the U.S. side on behalf of the China administration over Speaker Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan, China.

　　• On the evening of August 2, the People’s Liberation Army of China announced that it would conduct important military exercises in the designated sea areas and airspace from 12: 00 on August 4 to 12: 00 on August 7, 2022, and organize live-fire shooting. Beginning on the evening of August 2, the Eastern Theater launched a series of joint military operations around Taiwan Island, and conducted joint air and sea exercises in the northern, southwest and southeast airspace of Taiwan Island.

　　• On August 3rd, the Eastern Theater was located in the northern, southwest and southeast sea and airspace of Taiwan Island, and organized a practical joint exercise with the participation of the theater navy, air force, rocket army, strategic support force, joint logistics support force and other forces, focusing on joint blockade control, sea assault, land attack, air combat and other subjects.

　　• On August 4th, the Eastern Theater organized troops to carry out an unprecedented practical training in the sea and airspace around Taiwan Island, and successfully carried out long-range firepower and conventional missile firepower live-fire shooting in the scheduled sea area, all of which hit the target accurately.

　　• On the afternoon of August 4th, Senior Colonel Shi Yi, spokesman of the Eastern Theater, said that the whole live-fire launching training task had been successfully completed, and the relevant air and sea control had been lifted.

　　What breakthroughs have our army made in the training activities around Taiwan Island this time?

　　Meng Xiangqing, a professor at National Defense University, said: The training activities around Taiwan Island are really different from the previous training activities aimed at "Taiwan independence" in the history of our army. There are three main features:

　　The first one is approaching Taiwan Island. This time, whether it is the six designated areas, the whole live-fire shooting, or our training activities, it is very close to Taiwan Island. This has never happened in the past. In the past, we were mainly along the mainland, but this time we directly zoned around Taiwan Island, and even zoned our target to the east of Taiwan Island. It should be said that such a plan has a great deterrent effect on "Taiwan independence".

　　The second is Heweitai Island. This is also unprecedented. We said that we had never approached Taiwan Island in the past, let alone encircled Taiwan Island. The six major areas we have delineated closely surround Taiwan Island, which can be jointly blocked and controlled, and can also strike at the "Taiwan independence" forces. Therefore, such an encircling Taiwan island is like a chain. If six areas connect it into a line, it is equivalent to trapping "Taiwan independence" in the island. So this is an unprecedented island in the history of our army.

　　The third is to deter the intervention of external forces. In fact, two areas to the north of this area are close to Okinawa, while the two areas to the south are guarding bashi channel, so bashi channel can be jointly blocked. What does this mean? Bashi channel is the only place to pass in and out of the South China Sea, which has a direct deterrent effect on external forces.

　　Why did you choose these six places on the map as the training areas?

　　Meng Xiangqing, a professor at National Defense University: Actually, it contains profound connotations. The first area is the southeast of Pingtan Island. This is the narrowest part of the Taiwan Province Strait, which actually completely breaks the so-called "central line of the Strait". The concept of "the central line of the strait" was drawn by Americans. We never recognized the so-called "central line of the strait", and there is no such "central line of the strait" in the eyes of the People’s Liberation Army. This time, I think it completely broke the so-called "strait center line." Pingtan Island in the east is the narrowest place from this strait, and two-thirds of the so-called "strait midline" is on the east side of the "strait". Therefore, the designation of this area this time has profound significance. Look at the two areas in the north, one is the northeast and the other is the north, just off the coast of Keelung Port in Taiwan Province. This means that a blockade can be imposed on Keelung Port. Look at this area in the east. This area is the east of Taiwan Island. In front of it are two important military bases of Taiwan Army, one is Hualien and the other is Taitung. Hualien has a Jiashan base, which is the underground hangar of Taiwan military. It is said that in order to avoid the first attack of the People’s Liberation Army, it can accommodate more than 400 planes, and it is also known as the so-called largest underground hangar in the Far East. The establishment of such an area in the east has an important direction.It is a direct attack on the two military bases of the Taiwan military. Look at these two districts in the south. One is the southeast of Kenting in Taiwan Province, which is guarding bashi channel. Bashi channel is the gateway to and from the South China Sea, so bashi channel can be blocked. Look at the last area, southwest of Taiwan Province, which happens to be a sea and airspace in Zuoying, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Province, and it has formed a trend of closing the door to "Taiwan independence". So connect the six areas into a line, just like a noose, and the knot of the noose is just in the southwest direction.

　　What changes have been made in this exercise compared with 1996?

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:There are several changes. The first change is that the exercise in 1996 was also a deterrent to "Taiwan independence", mainly aimed at a series of "Taiwan independence" actions of Lee Teng-hui’s visit to the United States in 1995. That exercise was mainly on the coastal line near the mainland, and this time it was mainly near Taiwan Island. The second change is that the intensity and intensity are much higher than that. This exercise can be said to be the strongest, strongest and most deterrent in our previous exercises in the Taiwan Strait crisis. For example, our missiles fired directly across the island, which happened to cross the area where Patriot missiles in Taiwan Province were densely deployed. At the same time, it also achieved a precise strike under the nose of the American Aegis ship, forcing the American "Reagan" aircraft carrier to retreat for hundreds of kilometers. The third change is to organize a shocking exercise of aircraft carrier formation for the first time and build a three-dimensional combat platform at sea. When the aircraft carrier formation goes out, there should be nuclear submarines operating underwater. Although it is dominated by the eastern theater, other theaters are also involved. The subjects of the exercise include joint blockade, attack on the sea, assault on land, and air combat. Its actual combat background is very strong. Although this is a training exercise, it can be transformed from training to actual combat at any time.

　　On August 4th, the Eastern Theater Air Force and the Eastern Theater Naval Air Force dispatched hundreds of fighters, bombers and other multi-type fighters to take off in formation, and went to the airspace in the north, southwest and southeast of Taiwan Island to carry out joint reconnaissance, air assault, support cover and other tasks day and night. More than 10 escort ships continued to be deployed in the waters around Taiwan Island, carrying out joint sealing and control operations, sweeping the sea for the fire test area, and cooperating with neighboring forces to conduct reconnaissance and guidance.

　　At about 13: 00, the Army troops of the Eastern Theater launched a long-range fire live-fire shooting in the Taiwan Province Strait, which struck a specific area in the eastern part of the Taiwan Province Strait accurately and achieved the expected results. After receiving the combat mission in the morning, in the mission area of an artillery brigade of the Army in the Eastern Theater, a number of new long-range box rockets were maneuvered to the launching position according to orders. After arriving at the shooting area, the detachment quickly completed the preparations for live-fire shooting such as rocket loading and shooting data binding. As the commander gave the password, many shells rushed to the target sea area and hit the target accurately. After receiving the combat mission, the officers and men of a missile brigade of the Rocket Army in the Eastern Theater quickly completed the preparations for combat mobilization, and the troops were ordered to move to the scheduled combat area. After arriving at the predetermined area, the launching unit quickly hides and stands by to get ready for launch. After receiving the launch command, the trumpeter quickly started to operate, erect the missile and bind the parameters.

　　At about 15 o’clock, with the commander’s command, the missiles rose in turn and stabbed the sky. The Rocket Force of the Eastern Theater launched a multi-regional and multi-model conventional missile fire assault on the scheduled sea area off the eastern part of Taiwan Island, and all the missiles hit the target area. Later, Shi Yi, a spokesperson for the Eastern Theater, said that the entire live-fire launch training mission had been successfully completed, and the relevant air and sea control was lifted.

　　What are the characteristics of this long-range rocket launcher?

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:The biggest hot spot this time is live ammunition. Live-fire shooting, one is the army’s long-range rocket launcher, and the other is the rocket army’s regular pilot test firing. Long-range rockets are different from ordinary rockets: the first one is long range. From tens of kilometers to hundreds of kilometers, it can cover the whole island of Taiwan Province. It was the shelling of Kinmen in 1958, and now it can cover the whole island. In fact, it also sent a clear signal to Taiwan independence that long-range rockets can cover the whole island, not to mention other weapons. The second is high accuracy. New army long-range rockets are generally equipped with guidance devices, which have high launch density and high launch accuracy. You can call whenever you want, and you can call wherever you want. The third is cost-effective. The ammunition of long-range rocket launcher is very different from precision guided and medium-and long-range missiles. General cruise missiles, tens of millions of RMB, and long-range rocket ammunition are much cheaper. That is to say, as long as we rely on the system support of our industrial and military departments, we can produce it quickly. This is the third feature of long-range rocket launchers. The fourth is very mobile. Long-range rocket launchers are all highly mobile vehicles to carry, which are highly mobile, stop when they say it, and fight when they say it, and its survival rate is relatively strong. I think this is the outstanding feature of the new long-range rocket launcher!

　　What are the characteristics of the conventional missiles launched this time?

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:This time, our conventional missiles have also performed well. The media in Taiwan Province have blown up the pot, and they have reported that China’s medium-and long-range missiles and conventional missiles have flown over Taiwan Province Island. Even Taiwan Province’s defense department has come out to reassure the people, saying that everyone should not be nervous and panic, because their missiles are very high and will not pose a threat to the island, which also reflects the guilty conscience of Taiwan Province’s defense department. This time, the rocket army’s conventional missiles are very accurate. It has several characteristics: the first is precision strike; The second one has strong penetration ability, which can break through the anti-missile system; The third is that it has a strong viability. This time, we often guide a lot of mobile launches, and we can go after the fight.

　　What kind of development state can we see from this training operation?

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:In the past ten years, the development and upgrading of our army’s weapons and equipment has been very fast. For example, the army’s equipment that everyone is concerned about is becoming more and more advanced, and large surface ships are emerging like Lower jiaozi. We often see the so-called Dongfeng Express, which means that our conventional Dongfeng series missiles and various types of series missiles are becoming more and more complete, which constitutes such a systematic capability.

　　What style did our officers and men show during this training activity?

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:The strength of our army can be classified from two major aspects: one is the hard strength of our army, that is, the level of weapons and equipment and the information-based combat capability that everyone sees, which are all hard strength. One is the soft power of our army, such as the commanding ability and level of commanders, the spiritual outlook of officers and men, and our firm belief, determination and will. This is also a very important aspect. I think there is a saying that the artillery listens to my command and I listen to the party’s command, which reflects that the officers and men of our army have taken on a new look in the new era.

　　On August 3rd, when asked by reporters about Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan Province, UN Secretary-General Guterres affirmed his adherence to the one-China principle.

　　UN Secretary-General Guterres:Our position is very clear. We abide by the resolutions of the United Nations General Assembly and the one-China principle. Everything we do is guided by this principle.

　　The Cambodian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, which holds the rotating presidency of ASEAN, issued a statement saying that ASEAN member countries support the one-China principle and call for upholding the UN Charter and the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia.

　　On August 4th, Tan Kefei, spokesman of the Ministry of National Defense, made a speech on our series of military countermeasures. China’s army means what it says. The Eastern Theater of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army organized multi-service and multi-service joint targeted drills such as sea assault, land attack and air combat in the sea and airspace around Taiwan Island, and organized live-fire shooting with precision weapons, which was a solemn shock to the United States and Taiwan.

　　It is not only "Taiwan independence", not only the separatist forces on the island, but also the United States that will be shocked by this training exercise.

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:Our exercise is indeed strongly targeted. From a historical perspective, the United States has been saying one thing and doing another for so many years. We often talk about the one-China policy, and we have repeatedly said that it has not changed until the Biden administration. Moreover, Biden made a promise and statement called "Four No’s and No Objections", that is to say, the one-China policy will not change, nor will opposing Taiwan Province’s "independence". But if we take a closer look, the United States is saying one thing and doing another. Say no change, in fact, we see that Pelosi, as the No.3 powerful figure in the United States, and the US Congress, as an important part of the US government, made a surprise visit to Taiwan Province, which seriously violated Three Joint Communiqués’s regulations and the one-China principle, seriously damaged Sino-US relations and relations between the two militaries, and also seriously shaken the political foundation for the development of relations between the two countries. In addition to Pelosi’s visit, after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States in 1979, the United States immediately issued three joint communiques, and soon the US Congress passed the so-called Taiwan Relations Act, which itself runs counter to the spirit of the three joint communiques. Therefore, in the decades since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the United States has continuously sold weapons to Taiwan Province, and has sold them more than 100 times. We see that arms sales to Taiwan are high-end, continuous and normal. In addition, there are many others. For example, the United States keeps internationalizing the Taiwan Province issue in the international community and wants to include Taiwan Province as an observer member of the World Health Organization.But also a few countries and forces that support or encourage the international community to support such actions of Taiwan Province. For example, the establishment of the "Taiwan Representative Office" in Lithuania is supported and encouraged by the United States. All these show that as long as the United States does not change its style of saying one thing and doing another, and does not change its cold war mentality and hegemonic thinking, I think it is difficult to stabilize Sino-US relations.

　　At present, more than 100 countries in the world have expressed their support for China’s position and opposed the provocative behavior of the United States. Including the United Nations, what do you think of this universal response from the international community?

　　Meng Xiangqing, a professor at National Defense University: We say that the principle of one China has become the general consensus of the international community, and adhering to the policy of one China has also become the basic norm of international relations. As early as October 25, 1971, the United Nations adopted the famous resolution 2758. This resolution clearly states that the government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) is the sole legal government and Taiwan Province is an inalienable part of China. This has formed the basic norms of international relations, and we have established diplomatic relations with 181 countries. The most important political basis for these 181 countries to establish diplomatic relations is that they all recognize the one-China policy, so one China is also a world trend. The general trend of the world is vast, those who follow it will prosper, and those who go against it will die.

　　The one-China principle is the general consensus of the international community, and national reunification is also the general trend.

　　Professor Meng Xiangqing of National Defense University:You are right. In fact, it is not only the basic norm of international relations, but also the world trend. We say that the realization of national reunification is an irresistible trend, and no one or force can stop it, nor can we provide any opportunity for anyone or force to split China. This is our clear attitude. We talked about a series of countermeasures we have taken this time, especially the major military countermeasures, which not only showed our determination and will to resolutely defend the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, but also showed that we in Chinese kept our word, and we kept our word and will do so in the future. However, our major policy of peaceful reunification and "one country, two systems" has not changed. We still have to adhere to such a major policy, because peaceful reunification and "one country, two systems" are most beneficial to the people on both sides of the strait and to the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation. As long as there is a glimmer of hope for peace, I think everyone should make 100% peace efforts. But on the other hand, we can’t allow any attempt to split China. Therefore, historical experience has repeatedly proved that only when you can fight can you make peace, and it is more necessary to prepare for peace. For a country and a nation, both peace and preparation should be hard. For an army, there is only one kind of military duty, that is, preparing for war. Therefore, we say that we did not, do not and will never promise to give up the use of force. Moreover, in order to achieve national reunification, we have made the greatest peaceful efforts.But we will never promise to give up using force to solve this problem, provided that Taiwan Province cannot be independent and external forces cannot interfere.

With the aggravation of aging, the data of cancer patients around the world began to increase. As the world’s most populous country, China’s cancer data is not optimistic. No matter the number of new cases or deaths, China ranks first in the world.

According to the latest global cancer burden data in 2020 recently released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization,China has become a veritable "cancer country".

In 2020, there were 4.57 million new cancer cases in China, including 2.48 million males and 2.09 million females. In 2020, there were 3 million cancer deaths in China, including 1.82 million males and 1.18 million females.

This is much higher than the previously published data. Let’s take a look at the specific data analysis of China:

Both climbed to the top: China ranked first in the world in new cases and deaths.

In 2020, there will be 19.29 million new cancer cases in the world, including 4.57 million new cancer cases in China, accounting for 23.7% of the world. As China is the world’s most populous country, the number of new cancer cases far exceeds that of other countries in the world.

The top ten countries with new cancer cases are: China 4.57 million, the United States 2.28 million, India 1.32 million, Japan 1.03 million, Germany 630,000, Brazil 590,000, Russia 590,000, France 470,000, Britain 460,000 and Italy 420,000.

Number of new cancer cases in various countries in 2020

In 2020, there will be 9.96 million cancer deaths worldwide, including 3 million cancer deaths in China, accounting for 30% of the total cancer deaths, mainly due to the large number of cancer patients in China, which ranks first in the world.

The top ten countries with cancer deaths in 2020 are: China 3 million, India 850,000, the United States 610,000, Japan 420,000, Russia 310,000, Brazil 260,000, Germany 250,000, Indonesia 230,000, France 190,000 and Britain 180,000.

Number of cancer deaths in various countries in 2020

The supremacy of lung cancer is unshakable, and the death toll is far ahead.

In 2020, there will be 4.57 million new cases of cancer in China. Breast cancer ranks first in the world, but it ranks fourth after lung cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer in China.

In 2020, the top ten cancers in China are: lung cancer 820,000, colorectal cancer 560,000, gastric cancer 480,000, breast cancer 420,000, liver cancer 410,000, esophageal cancer 320,000, thyroid cancer 220,000, pancreatic cancer 120,000, prostate cancer 120,000 and cervical cancer 110,000, which account for 78% of new cancers.

The Top Ten Cancer Types of New Cancer Cases in China in 2020

In 2020, the number of cancer deaths in China is 3 million, and the number of lung cancer deaths is far ahead, reaching 710,000, accounting for 23.8% of the total cancer deaths.

The top ten cancer deaths in China in 2020 are: lung cancer 710,000, liver cancer 390,000, gastric cancer 370,000, esophageal cancer 300,000, colorectal cancer 290,000, pancreatic cancer 120,000, breast cancer 120,000, nervous system cancer 70,000, leukemia 60,000 and cervical cancer 60,000, which account for 83% of the total cancer deaths.

The top ten cancer types of cancer deaths in China in 2020

China male data: lung cancer, gastric cancer and liver cancer are still in the mountains.

In 2020, the number of new cancer cases among men in China is 2.48 million, accounting for 54% of the total, among which lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and liver cancer are the most common.

In 2020, the top ten cancers of male cancer cases in China are: lung cancer 540,000, gastric cancer 330,000, colorectal cancer 320,000, liver cancer 300,000, esophageal cancer 220,000, prostate cancer 120,000, pancreatic cancer 70,000, bladder cancer 70,000, thyroid cancer 50,000 and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 50,000, which account for 84% of new male cancers.

Top Ten Cancer Types of Male Cancer Cases in China in 2020

In 2020, the number of male cancer deaths in China was 1.82 million, accounting for 61% of the total, with lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and esophageal cancer accounting for the most deaths.

In 2020, the top ten cancers of male cancer deaths in China are: lung cancer 470,000, liver cancer 290,000, gastric cancer 260,000, esophageal cancer 210,000, colorectal cancer 160,000, pancreatic cancer 70,000, prostate cancer 50,000, leukemia 40,000, nervous system cancer 30,000 and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 30,000, which account for 88% of the total cancer deaths.

The Top Ten Cancer Types of Male Cancer Death Cases in China in 2020

Women in China: New breast cancer surpassed lung cancer and topped the list.

In 2020, the number of new cancer cases among women in China is 2.09 million, accounting for 46% of the total, with breast cancer, lung cancer and colorectal cancer accounting for the largest number.

In 2020, the top ten cancers of new cases of female cancer in China are: breast cancer 420,000, lung cancer 280,000, colorectal cancer 240,000, thyroid cancer 170,000, gastric cancer 150,000, cervical cancer 110,000, liver cancer 110,000, esophageal cancer 100,000, endometrial cancer 80,000 and ovarian cancer 60,000, which account for 81% of new cases of female cancer.

Top Ten Cancer Types of New Cases of Female Cancer in China in 2020

In 2020, the number of female cancer deaths in China is 1.18 million, accounting for 39% of the total, with lung cancer, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer and breast cancer accounting for the most deaths.

In 2020, the top ten cancers of female cancer deaths in China are: lung cancer 240,000, colorectal cancer 120,000, gastric cancer 120,000, breast cancer 120,000, liver cancer 100,000, esophageal cancer 90,000, cervical cancer 60,000, pancreatic cancer 50,000, ovarian cancer 40,000 and nervous system cancer 30,000, which account for 83% of the total cancer deaths.

The top ten cancer types of female cancer deaths in China in 2020.

Globally, due to the aging of the population, it is estimated that the cancer burden will increase by 50% in 2040 compared with 2020, and the number of new cancer cases will reach nearly 30 million. This is most obvious in countries undergoing social and economic transformation.

For China, bringing cancer prevention and treatment intervention into the health plan will help to reduce the cancer burden in the future, and at the same time promote the development of innovative anti-cancer drugs. A two-pronged approach of "prevention and treatment" can better reduce the cancer burden and protect people’s health.

Recently, Academician He Jie and Professor Chen Wanqing from the National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences led the publication of a heavy paper in The Lancet-Global Health.Aiming at China population, the incidence rate of 23 main cancer risks in China was analyzed.

The paper also further analyzes the proportion of cancer caused by various cancer risks in mainland provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. When the public is facing these invisible killers around them, how should they actively respond and break them one by one?

Common carcinogenic factors in China can be divided into five categories and 23 risk factors (see the table below for details):

Proportion of cancer risk caused by various carcinogenic factors in provinces and cities

by23 avoidable causes of cancerProportion ranking, from high to low, the top five areHeilongjiang, Guangdong, Jilin, Hubei, Inner Mongolia; The five lowest proportions areGansu, Yunnan, Xinjiang, Tibet and ShanghaiAmong them, only 35.2% of cancer deaths in Shanghai are the lowest in the country.

Among the adults aged 20 and over, 1.036 million people in China die of various cancers caused by 23 major carcinogenic factors every year, accounting for 45.2% of all cancer deaths aged 20 and over (about 2.29 million people).

In other words, 45.2% of cancer deaths in China can be avoided as long as 23 carcinogenic factors are well controlled.

This means nearly 1.036 million preventable cancers. What should we do?

Do these seven points and break the 23 invisible killers!

Quitting smoking is a top priority

The best cancer prevention strategy about smoking is never to smoke.

The biggest risk for women in six provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China is smoking, including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia and Anhui. For a long time, the incidence of lung cancer among women in Northeast China is relatively high, which is closely related to their high smoking rate.

In Guizhou and Yunnan, the proportion of male smokers accounts for 62.1% and 61.4%, and these two provinces also happen to be the provinces with the highest dependence on the tobacco industry.

For existing smokers, "the degree of risk reduction depends on the number of years you smoked and the number of cigarettes you smoked before quitting smoking." If you smoke for less than five years (no more than one pack a day), the risk of cancer is low. As long as you quit smoking, you will reduce your risk and get health benefits.

Smokers often retort: "I know that people who never smoke will still get lung cancer." Why should I quit smoking? " However, the scientific reality is that the less you smoke, the less chance you have of getting lung cancer.

If people adopt the living habits of low-risk groups, especially quitting smoking, about 80% to 90% of lung cancer deaths can be avoided. Since 1991, the cancer mortality rate in the United States has decreased by 26%, more than half of which is attributed to the decline in smoking rate.

Suggestions: 1. Quitting smoking is beneficial to people of any age. 2. Smoking shortens life expectancy by more than ten years. If you quit smoking before the age of 40, you can get back 9 years of life.

② Control drinking.

Alcohol is a class 1 carcinogen, and one out of every 18 cancers is related to drinking. There is ample evidence that alcohol will increase the risk of cancer in the oropharynx, larynx, esophagus (scale), stomach, liver, colorectal and breast, and some studies show that alcohol may also cause lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and skin cancer.

Tibet and Inner Mongolia are both famous for their boldness in drinking, and the proportion of cancer caused by drinking ranks first and second. Ningxia has the lowest proportion in the country, only 9%. Coincidentally, Hui people don’t drink.

The Dietary Guidelines for China Residents (2016 edition) suggests that men should not drink more than 25 grams of alcohol a day and women should not drink more than 15 grams, otherwise it is excessive drinking.

What is the concept of 25 grams of alcohol? Probably converted, please write down: white wine, no more than 1 Liang at a time; No more than one bottle of beer at a time; Red wine is limited to about one red wine glass at a time.

③ weight control

Obesity not only increases the risk of heart disease, diabetes, bone and joint diseases, but also increases the risk of cancer. Pancreatic cancer is especially mentioned here, which is not only related to obesity, but also related to diabetes.

The incidence of pancreatic cancer is higher in developed areas as a whole. Among women in Beijing, 6.7% are related to diabetes, which is the highest in the country. The proportions in Shanxi, Jiangxi and Guangxi are much lower. For example, only 1.5% of female pancreatic cancer in Jiangxi is related to diabetes.

The relationship between various cancers and obesity is detailed in the table
Weight is kept within the standard BMI (body mass index), that is, 18.5 ~ 23.9.
Ps: body mass index (BMI)= weight (kg)÷ height 2 (m)

In addition, the waist circumference of men should be controlled within 90 cm; Women’s waistlines should not exceed 80 cm.

④ Healthy diet

Bacon, ham, sausage and hot dog are all listed as the first group carcinogens by the World Health Organization. Eating processed meat increases the risk of colorectal cancer by 18%.

Red meat can also shorten people’s life span and increase the risk of colon cancer, especially when the meat is roasted or barbecued, or even slightly burned. Although the cancer risk of red meat is far less than that of smoking, reducing the intake of red meat and limiting the consumption of processed meat will only reduce your risk of cancer.

As a whole, the first cancer risk factor in China is insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables, accounting for 15.6%, which is also the first risk factor for women in 14 provinces in China.

Dietary Guidelines for China Residents recommends eating 300-500g vegetables and 200-350g fresh fruits every day. Here, it should be emphasized that vegetables should be "non-starch vegetables", that is, vegetables that are not mainly starch, including all kinds of leafy vegetables, cruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli), okra, eggplant, etc., are non-starch vegetables, but do not include potato, sweet potato and yam.

Studies have shown that non-starch vegetables and fruits can reduce the risk of many upper respiratory and digestive tract tumors, such as oral cavity, nasopharynx, esophagus, lung, stomach and colorectal cancer.

⑤ Increase exercise.

Physical exercise not only helps to lose weight or keep fit, but also has a preventive effect on cancer. Exercise seems to reduce hormone levels, improve the function of our immune system, reduce the levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factors, and also reduce body fat.

Studies have shown that people who take at least 30-60 minutes of moderate to high-intensity physical exercise every day have a lower risk of cancer, especially breast cancer and colon cancer. In addition, the incidence of several other cancers has also decreased, including prostate cancer, lung cancer and endometrial cancer.

In order to prevent cancer, American sports guidelines suggest that adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (such as brisk walking) every week; Or 75 minutes of high-intensity exercise (such as jogging); Or an equal amount of combination of two movements.

⑥ Stay away from pathogens.

For common infections in general life, the following table is recommended:

⑦ Screening for cancer.

For most cancers, if they can be found and treated early, the survival will be even greater. The following cancer screening should be conducted regularly:

Breast cancer screening, cervical cancer screening, colorectal cancer screening, hepatitis C virus screening, HIV screening, lung cancer screening, obesity and so on.

Source: Medical Elite Society

　

　　At the press conference, the website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs was photographed by Tang Yuli.

　　

　　This website news in June15sun,The Information Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs held a press conference on "Promoting the integration and development of rural industries and boosting rural revitalization". Zong Jinyao, director of the Agricultural Products Processing Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries and answered questions from reporters.,Pan Libing, deputy director of the Agricultural Products Processing Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, attended the conference together.

　　The reporter learned from the press conference that in recent years, the integration and development of rural industries has achieved remarkable results. The agricultural product processing industry is improving steadily,2017The income from the main business of agricultural products processing enterprises exceeded22One trillion yuan, and the ratio of total agricultural output value by2012Annual1.9:1Raise to2.3:1; Leisure agriculture and rural tourism have flourished,2017Receive tourists in28Billion person-times, operating income7400One hundred million yuan; Generate, the vitality of rural entrepreneurship and innovation,2017The cumulative number of dual-creative personnel returning to the countryside in 2008 has reached740Ten thousand people, rural local non-agricultural self-employed.3140Ten thousand people; The integration of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries has formed a good situation. According to estimates, the integration of rural industries has made the proportion of order-making farmers reach.45%Operating income has increased.67%, the average annual return or distribution profit of farmers reached.300Pluralism.

　　Building a rural industrial integration development system

　　Zong Jinyao pointed out that to promote the revitalization of rural industries, we must take the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries as the fundamental way, the processing industry and leisure tourism as the key industries of integration, and entrepreneurial innovation as the powerful kinetic energy of integration. In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has taken a series of measures to promote the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

　　The first is to promote policy formulation and implementation. It promoted the promulgation of Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Integration and Development of Rural Primary and Secondary Industries by the General Office of the State Council, Opinions on Supporting the Entrepreneurship and Innovation of Returned Rural Workers to Promote the Integration and Development of Rural Primary and Secondary Industries, and Opinions on Further Promoting the Development of Agricultural Products Processing Industry. At the same time, the National Development and Reform Commission, etc.13Three departments issued the Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Developing Leisure Agriculture, and compiled the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for the Integrated Development of National Agricultural Products Processing Industry and Rural Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Industries. Four Opinions and one Plan have established a policy system to promote the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries.

　　The second is to increase project support. The central government has arranged pilot funds for the integration and development of the first, second and third industries in recent years.fifty-two100 million yuan to support business entities that let farmers share the value-added benefits of the secondary and tertiary industries to develop the primary and secondary industries; Subsidy policy for primary processing of agricultural products and arrangement of funds.45100 million, subsidies for farmers and cooperatives to build primary processing facilities.twelveMore than ten thousand seats; At the same time, it also coordinated the Agricultural Development Bank and the Agricultural Bank of China to increase credit support for industrial integration entities.

　　The third is to carry out demonstration and guidance. Promoted and promoted208A typical development of agricultural product processing industry,388National demonstration counties (autonomous regions and municipalities) for leisure agriculture and rural tourism,91An important agricultural cultural heritage of China,560A beautiful leisure village in China,2160A scenic spot,670A boutique line, play its leading role and demonstration development.

　　The fourth is to cultivate the subject of integration. Training projects such as new professional farmers’ cultivation project and rural practical talents have more than one training staff every year.100Ten thousand people. Publicity and promotion of outstanding leaders and typical counties in rural entrepreneurial innovation have been carried out, and so far, it has established200Outstanding leaders of rural entrepreneurial innovation and100A typical county. HeldthreeMore than 10,000 contestants participated in the creative competition of rural entrepreneurial innovation projects, and combined with investment institutions to increase the cultivation of integrated subjects.

　　In the next step, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will promote the integration and development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries by implementing policies to guide integration, promoting integration through entrepreneurial innovation, developing industrial support integration, improving mechanisms to promote integration, and strengthening services to promote integration. Strive to achieve2020In, the rural industrial integration development system was initially formed, which provided strong support for the revitalization of rural industries.

　　Implement the promotion action of agricultural product processing industry

　　When answering a question about promoting the development of agricultural products processing industry, Zong Jinyao introduced that this year,1-5The income from the main business of China’s agricultural product processing industry has exceeded in October.fiveTrillion yuan, up from the same period of last year.7%About. Agricultural products processing enterprises above designated sizeeightMore than ten thousand, the proportion of large and medium-sized enterprises reached.16%, the annual sales revenue exceedsoneNearly 100 million enterprises2Wanjia, exceeding100Billion yuan of enterprises.70Home. More than half of the processing enterprises have built the whole industrial chain and value chain by delaying the extension, which has become the leading force for the integrated development of rural industries. Implement the promotion action of agricultural product processing industry to promote the high-quality development of agriculture. Specifically, improve the strength in six aspects:

　　First, promote promotion through coordinated development. It is necessary to co-ordinate the primary processing, intensive processing and the comprehensive utilization and processing of subsequent by-products, and all links should develop in coordination, develop diversified products, increase the added value of products, extend the industrial chain and upgrade the value chain. The second is to promote promotion through park gathering. Guide processing enterprises to concentrate in the park, especially in the "three districts and three parks", grain production functional areas, important agricultural products protection areas and characteristic agricultural products advantage areas, modern agricultural industrial parks, science parks and farmers’ pioneer parks. Support enterprises to delay the extension, develop raw material bases and agricultural products circulation and marketing. The third is to promote promotion through scientific and technological innovation. Highlight the dominant position of enterprise innovation, overcome a number of key common technical problems in industrial development, obtain a number of scientific and technological achievements, and accelerate the transformation and popularization of scientific and technological achievements. Through integrated innovation, we can process nutritious, safe, delicious, healthy, convenient and affordable food. The fourth is to promote promotion through brand creation. It is necessary to support enterprises to improve the quality control ability of the whole process, carry forward the craftsman spirit of Excellence and pursuit of Excellence, and promote the processing industry of agricultural products to increase varieties, improve quality and create brands. The fifth is to promote promotion through green development. It is necessary to develop green processing, guide enterprises to develop low-carbon, low-consumption, recycling and efficient processing, and form a green processing system. To control the quality and safety of food, the processing process should be quality controlled and can withstand traceability. The sixth is to promote promotion through integrated development. Organize and implement the subsidy policy for the integration and development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, so that farmers can reasonably share the benefits of the value-added of the secondary and tertiary industries.

　　Zong Jinyao said that through the implementation of the promotion action, we will strive to2020In 2000, the scale of the industry will continue to expand, and the conversion rate of the processing industry will reach68%The main income above designated size has increased annually.6%Above, and the ratio of agricultural products processing by now.2.2：oneRaise to2.4：one. Realize the coordinated development of primary processing, deep processing and comprehensive utilization processing through promotion.

　　Promote the vigorous development of leisure agriculture and rural tourism.

　　Leisure tourism is the key industry of rural industrial integration. In recent years, China’s leisure agriculture and rural tourism have flourished.2017Receive tourists in28Billion person-times, operating income7400100 million yuan, employees1100Ten thousand people, drive750Thousands of farmers have benefited and become the main body of natural rural industrial integration. Pan Libing said that this year the Central CommitteeoneDocument No.1 clearly stated that leisure agriculture and rural tourism quality projects should be implemented. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs conscientiously implemented the central decision-making arrangements and requirements, and put forward the action of upgrading leisure agriculture and rural tourism. The goal is to promote the upgrading of rural tourism product quality, hardware facilities construction, software management services, cultural connotation, environmental sanitation and personnel quality and skills, and truly create a number of excellent leisure agriculture and rural tourism products with excellent ecology, beautiful environment, strong industry, rich farmers and good mechanism. Mainly from five aspects:

　　The first is to promote policy implementation. The existing policies mainly involve land use, finance, taxation and other aspects. Whether the policies are put in place is directly related to the upgrading and development of the industry. Some problems cannot be solved by enterprises, and it is up to the government to create a good policy environment. We should intensify the propaganda and implementation of policies, strengthen supervision, and refine the practical policies, so that policies can truly take root and create a good policy environment for industrial upgrading.

　　The second is to cultivate boutique brands. Improve the system of creating fine brands, and promote the level of industrial standardization and standardization. It is necessary to set up a number of well-known and well-established brands throughout the country. Build a number of national leisure agriculture and rural tourism demonstration counties (autonomous regions and municipalities), beautiful leisure villages and towns, modern leisure parks, modern leisure farms, etc., and build brands throughout the country.

　　The third is to improve public facilities. Integrate related projects, make full use of funds from all sides, transform and upgrade a number of rural roads, parking lots, water and electricity, toilets, sewage and garbage treatment facilities for modern agricultural leisure tourism, and encourage local governments to build supporting facilities to meet the diversified needs of consumers.

　　The fourth is to improve the service level. Organize the training of leisure agriculture and rural tourism personnel, and train the managers and operators of leisure agriculture and rural tourism. Strengthen the education, training and assessment of employees and improve their quality and ability.

　　The fifth is to inherit and carry forward farming culture. It is necessary to combine resource endowment, human history and characteristic industries to deeply explore rural culture, tell natural and human stories well, and further enhance the connotation of leisure agriculture and rural tourism. Actively carry out the excavation, protection and utilization of important agricultural cultural heritage in China. This year, it is necessary to carry out the identification of the fifth batch of important agricultural cultural heritage in China, and carry out the theme exhibition of important agricultural cultural heritage in China, so as to enhance the protection, inheritance, development and utilization of important agricultural cultural heritage.

　　In the early morning of December 14th, Beijing time, the Federal Reserve announced its December interest rate resolution, announcing that it would suspend interest rate hikes this month. Previously, the Federal Reserve has raised interest rates 11 times in this interest rate hike cycle since March 2022. At present, the target range of the US federal funds rate is maintained at 5.25%~5.50%.

　　The Fed suspended interest rate hikes three times in a row.

　　According to the statement released after the meeting, the Fed believes that the current growth rate of economic activities in the United States has slowed down compared with the third quarter. Employment growth in the United States has slowed down since earlier this year. In the past year, inflation in the United States has slowed down, but it is still at a high level.

　　Gao Ruidong, Chief Economist of Everbright Securities:The Federal Reserve’s monetary policy mainly needs to consider the dual goals of promoting employment and stabilizing prices, which is reflected in whether the unemployment rate data and inflation data are close to the normal level. At present, according to the latest data, although the employment data has rebounded beyond expectations, there are seasonal factors and the impact of the recovery of employment after the strike of American auto workers. On the whole, these two key indicators can reflect the tightening policy of the Fed’s continuous interest rate hike, and the effect has appeared.

　　In addition, after the meeting, the Fed’s statement revealed that it believed that the current level of interest rates in the United States had reached or approached the peak, and the Fed began to discuss the timing of interest rate cuts.

　　Experts said that from the current series of data and situation analysis, the Fed’s current interest rate hike process is likely to come to an end. However, the Fed needs to be more cautious about the trend of data including consumption and manufacturing investment in order to continue to judge the current monetary policy. Continued impact.

　　Chief Macroeconomist of Founder Securities Luzhe：The balance between the Fed’s "doing too much" and "doing too little", that is, the balance between controlling inflation and avoiding economic recession, these uncertainties and two-way risks make the current Fed’s monetary policy decision need more patience and prudence, which is also the focus repeatedly emphasized by most Fed officials.

　　Since March last year, the Fed has raised interest rates 11 times in this interest rate hike cycle, ranging from the initial 25 basis points to the later 50 basis points and 75 basis points for four consecutive times. Later, the rate hike gradually slowed down. In June this year, the Fed suspended interest rate hikes once, and resumed interest rate hikes by 25 basis points in July this year. Since then, it has suspended interest rate hikes for three consecutive times. At present, the target range of the US federal funds interest rate has remained at a high level since 2001.

　　A number of data reflect that the US economy continues to cool down.

　　Experts said that from the comprehensive analysis of the performance of a number of US economic data, the current US economy continues to cool down, and the tight monetary policy has brought obvious impacts on the US real economy and financial markets in many aspects.

　　Experts said that at present, the economic growth rate of the United States, which is superimposed with inflation factors, remains at a certain level, but after excluding the influence of inflation factors, the economic growth rate of the United States has slowed down obviously in recent months, which shows that inflation in the United States is still resilient.

　　Zhao Yue, Chief Economist of Hong Kong Fortune Securities:The economic growth data of the United States this year is not as strong as the nominal value in terms of actual value. The gap between the two is the impact of inflation, which reflects that there is still relatively high inflation in the United States at present. When monetary policy was formulated and implemented, it had a transmission process in the economy, which was a gradual upward influence process, depending on how much attention was paid to the impact of monetary policy on the economy.

　　Maintaining the high interest rate level, after a period of sustained action, is gradually changing the current financial environment in the United States, and thus changing the trend of the real economy in the United States. The data shows that in the United States, the bank’s best lending rate has risen from 3.25% to around 8.50% in the near future, more than doubling; This has also affected the financing rate of Moody’s AAA corporate bonds in the United States from 2.63% to about 5.67% in the near future.

　　Judging from the scale of credit, the scale of industrial and commercial loans of American commercial banks has been shrinking since January this year, the year-on-year growth rate of consumer loans has dropped sharply since October last year, and the year-on-year growth rate of real estate loans has dropped sharply since March this year. In addition, the industrial output index of the United States decreased by 0.6% in October, the manufacturing output index decreased by 0.7% in October, and the performance of the supply side weakened significantly; The main real estate market index in the United States has also fallen to near this year’s low.

　　Wen Bin, Chief Economist of China Minsheng Bank:At present, the economic development and financial environment in the United States have changed significantly under the influence of the interest rate hike policy. The upward interest rate will lead to the contraction of credit scale, the decline of investment growth rate and the slowdown of industrial production, which will also curb consumption. In addition, the real estate market is also weak due to the influence of high interest rates. The above situation shows that the American economy is cooling down.

China Quality News Network News (Hiroshima) Recently, Hangzhou Municipal Market Supervision Administration announced the 12th food sampling information. Among them, a cake produced by Zhujin Branch of Guangdong Wei norgren Animation Food Co., Ltd. failed the sampling inspection.

The sampling information shows that the sampling inspection of Qiwuhuatian coated cake (matcha flavor) (production date: 2021-12-01) (specification: 224g/bag) sold by Runjia Commercial (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. and produced by Zhujin Branch of Guangdong Wei norgren Animation Food Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Zhujin Branch of Guangdong Wei norgren Animation Food") is unqualified, involving natamycin, etc.

It is reported that natamycin is a natural antifungal compound produced by Streptomyces fermentation, belonging to polyene macrolides, which can not only effectively inhibit the growth of various molds and yeasts, but also inhibit the production of mycotoxins, and can be widely used in food preservation and antifungal treatment. The reason why natamycin is unqualified may be that enterprises overuse natamycin in order to extend the shelf life.

The National Standard for Food Safety-Standard for the Use of Food Additives (GB 2760-2014) stipulates that when preservatives are used together, the sum of their respective dosages shall not exceed 1. The test result of this cake sampled this time is 3.09.

According to reports, preservatives refer to natural or synthetic chemical components, which are used to delay or inhibit food spoilage caused by microorganisms. Common preservatives include benzoic acid and its sodium salt, sorbic acid and its sodium salt. The reason why the sum of the respective dosages of preservatives in cakes accounts for the maximum dosage exceeds the standard may be that the production enterprises do not know enough about the national standards, thus adding a variety of different preservatives in excess.

China Quality News Network has learned that the Hangzhou Municipal Market Supervision Administration has handed over the unqualified products found in the above-mentioned food safety supervision and sampling inspection to the market supervision department and relevant departments where the enterprise is located to dispose of the unqualified products and their production and operation enterprises in accordance with the provisions of the Food Safety Law.

In order to learn more about the unqualified cake sampling, China Quality News Network called Guangdong Wei norgren Animation Food Zhujin Branch’s public contact number. The staff who answered the phone said, "I’m busy now. Call the front desk." Subsequently, this website dialed the front desk phone provided by the staff member, but the number was not answered many times.

Subsequently, China Quality News Network tried to call the above-mentioned cake seller Runjia Commercial (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. to find out the relevant information. However, several calls to the other party’s number are all voice prompts: the number you dialed does not exist.

According to public information, Guangdong Wei norgren Animation Food Co., Ltd. Zhujin Branch (formerly known as Guangdong Weibeijia Food Technology Co., Ltd. Chenghai Branch) was established in 2016, and it is an enterprise mainly engaged in food manufacturing; Runjia Commercial (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd. [formerly known as Tesco Commercial (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd.] was established in 2008, and is a member of CR Vanguard. It is an enterprise mainly engaged in the wholesale industry.

It is worth noting that Guangdong Wei norgren Animation Food Zhujin Branch was previously punished for food safety problems.

According to Credit China, on August 29th, 2022, Shantou longhu district Market Supervision Administration fined Guangdong Wei norgren Animation Food Zhujin Branch 52,000 yuan, because it involved in the production and operation of food that did not meet the national food safety standards, which violated the provisions of Item (4) of Article 34 of the Food Safety Law.

"We have seen that you have changed nine jobs in the past five years. Please tell us the reason why you left your last job."

"The team has lost nine games and is on the verge of relegation. We have lost the trust of the fans. What should you do? "

Submitting a resume, interviewing, and looking for a job … I’m afraid this is a life link that most people have experienced. So does the coach of the football club need to do the same? What’s the difference between their interview and ordinary people?

A few days ago, the British media BBC revealed the details of the British football coach’s job search: most clubs always keep a list of succession candidates to ensure that the coaching position can be replaced in time.

The club’s "secret list"

In the past few days in 2019, there were 13 head coaches in the top four football leagues in the UK, and on average, people were dismissed every six days. This number is still increasing …

But many times, fans often see the scene: the previous coach left with his front foot, and the new coach also made up the position at the same time.

The club has done a lot of work behind the scenes to accomplish such an efficient substitution.For example, a standing candidate list of successors.

When David Sharp was the president of Wigan Athletic Championship, he changed three coaches in three years, and he had a shortlist of six coaches he had been tracking.

"If a striker in the team scores a goal, you should be prepared for his transfer one day. This is the same as bringing in a head coach. I watch their games, observe their styles and analyze their contracts. Everything has been analyzed, so before you enter the interview stage, you can evaluate whether he is suitable for the team. "

Indeed, in the process of determining such a list, it is very important to confirm whether the coach is suitable for the team-if there is no winger in the team, it is best not to consider a coach who is obsessed with the 3-5-2 formation.

Nick Thompson, CEO of British Crown Hull City Club, believes that it is also very important to know the club’s own essential needs before selecting a coach.

"Are you looking for a coach who can integrate into the club’s existing ideas and styles, or are you looking for a coach who can formulate his own strategy? The answer to this question may lead you to find two completely different candidates. "

"We are now seeing more and more coaches play the role of’ firefighting’ and help the team avoid relegation within a few months, but such coaches may not be people who meet your long-term plans, such as helping to train young players."

Coach, we must balance many relationships.

There are many interview routines, and you have to rely on yourself.

In the process of job hunting, ordinary people may refer to some interview experience and points for attention, but in the interview process of football coaches, the routine is much more complicated.

At this stage, the club will receive many resumes, usually submitted by brokers. If the club says that they have received "50 or 60 job applications", it is probably true.

And different candidates, the interview process may be completely different, and job seekers must also prepare themselves.

After the club determines the final shortlist, there are usually three or four coaches for interviews, usually in the club, but not always.

David Sharp revealed the scene when interviewing coach Paul Cook. "When we were all on vacation, the negotiation began. He left his home in Portugal and went to Mallorca with his agent, and we talked for hours at the bar by the pool. "

Of course, in many cases, the coach’s interview is much more formal than this. It is a common procedure to bring a suit and materials and express your views and plans on the team in front of the club board.

A coach revealed his interview experience:

This interview is divided into four parts. First of all, he must describe to the potential new boss how he will run the transfer of the club.

Then he left the room and was told a scene-"We were 2-0 behind at home and the striker’s performance was disappointing", and then he came back to give a speech in front of the interview team.

That’s not all. Then another actor came into the room and played the role of a player’s parents. He was dissatisfied with his children’s lack of playing time, and the candidate hoped to convince him.

Finally, candidates have to plan and organize afternoon training classes …

Al-Daisy  once missed the opportunity to coach the English team because of PPT.

Fame is very important, and commuting should also be considered.

For the club, no matter what the form, the effect of the interview is very important to decide the final choice.

For example, when Belsa, head coach of Leeds United, was interviewed by the club, he said that he had watched every minute of the team’s game last season. His devotion and persistence in his work finally touched the club.

Leicester city coach Rogers wrote a file and a manual, which stated who he was, what he would do and how he would do it.

Al Daisy , on the other hand, revealed that he failed to succeed Eriksson as English coach in 2006 because the FA did not have PPT.

"I want to be a PPT that really makes people shine. Every detail is clear and nothing is lacking." Then he was told that there was no PPT equipment at the interview site, so he could only distribute the paper version of his presentation.

Of course, for most clubs, choosing a coach that they are already familiar with is undoubtedly more reassuring than accepting a "newcomer" who submitted his resume through his agent.

David Sharp even said, "If the boss chooses the next coach from an unsolicited resume, it shows that the boss is not prepared." This means that it takes a lot of effort to open their own career path for those rookie coaches who are not famous.

If there is a retired star in the coach candidate, it may be unconsciously favored by the club’s top management, even if sometimes this celebrity is not suitable as the coach of the team.

In many cases, like ordinary job seekers, the distance between salary and commuting is also one of the main points for coaches to consider when looking for a job.

For example, Johnson, who used to be a coach in Cardiff, lived in Derbyshire, so during that time he spent four lonely nights in the hotel and drove thousands of miles on the highway every year.

But for those famous coaches, it seems not difficult to go abroad to work for millions of euros a year, and it is also possible to move with their wives and children. But for those coaches in low-level leagues, these are very realistic problems.