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On February 9th, Mary, the actor who made his eighth appearance on the stage of the Spring Festival Evening, came to the interview room. She said that every time she comes to the Spring Festival Gala, like the exam, she is particularly nervous and under great pressure. When she has good works, she will be more confident in acting, but this year’s time is relatively hasty.

Mary said that it is actually more difficult for an actress to act in comedy than an actor, because she is not willing to "sell" or "play", but rather wants to start from the characters, so whether it is the structure or the character of the role, it is still more challenging to act.

Talking about the upcoming film Article 20, Mary said that he didn’t expect to cooperate with director Zhang Yimou one day. From the day he joined the group, he felt that everything was like a dream. Mary also said that Zhang Yimou’s state of filming on the spot, his unique ideas, his requirements for actors and his control of all the plays made him feel that the director is the most attractive and soul person in the crew and the soul of a movie. "I think the director is like a god to me."

Recalling that in 2023, Mary admitted that he was a model worker. Last year, there were 3 or 4 films and played some very powerful female roles. The creative process was happy, but it was also very painful. The result was very satisfactory for himself. I hope I can give myself a holiday in the new year.

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　 　 　 　 At about 16: 00 on March 19, CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection official website quoted the Shanxi Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection as saying: With the approval of the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, Liu Xiangdong, the former party secretary and director of the Shanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Department, was suspected of serious violation of discipline and law, and is currently under investigation.

　　　　　　　　According to public information, Liu Xiangdong was born in 1955 and joined the work in 1970. He was born in Pingshan, Hebei. In the 1970s, he graduated from the Chinese Department of Shanxi University as a student of workers, peasants and soldiers, and then entered Shanxi TV Station and Shanxi Radio Station as an editor and reporter.

　　　　　　　　Liu Xiangdong’s relationship with news may be related to his family.

　　　　　　　　In a book entitled "The Bad Official’s Documentary on Environmental Protection in Liu Xiangdong", it is mentioned that Liu Xiangdong’s father Liu Shan was the editor-in-chief of Shanxi Daily.

　　　　　　　　In December, 2004, under the care of some retired leaders in Shanxi Province and the old-timers in the press, Liu Xiangdong published Liu Shan Memorial Anthology at his own expense.

　　　　　　　　The author of "The Bad Official’s Environmental Protection Documentary in Liu Xiangdong" once worked in a news unit and lived in the same yard with Liu Xiangdong in the 1960s and 1970s. "We get along very well, and we talk about everything."

　　　　　　　　The author of the book wrote in the "postscript", "I think I know him better. He doesn’t have a high standard of living and little interest in his spare time. No drinking, no dancing. Mahjong can’t be rubbed, and poker can’t be played. The only hobby is to smoke cigarettes and watch martial arts novels or real kung fu movies. "

　　　　　　　　In 1985, Liu Xiangdong, who was in his thirties, moved from the media to his official career. He successively served as deputy secretary and deputy director of the Party Committee of Taiyuan No.1 Commercial Bureau, general manager and party secretary of Taiyuan Tianlong Building. In 1991, Liu Xiangdong became the Deputy Director of Shanxi Foreign Trade Department, and later served as the Deputy Commissioner of Xinzhou Administrative Office, the Deputy Director of Provincial Trade Department, the Director of the Council of Provincial Supply and Marketing Cooperative and the Party Secretary.

　　　　　　　　In 2006, Liu Xiangdong transferred to the environmental protection system and became the Party Secretary and Director of Shanxi Environmental Protection Bureau. People in Shanxi’s environmental protection industry said that at that time, Shanxi’s atmospheric environment and water environment were ranked last in the country, and it was also the time when environmental protection work was highly valued and began to exert its strength.

　　　　　　　　At the beginning of taking office, Liu Xiangdong suggested that officials should be rewarded for environmental protection, which immediately caused great controversy.

　　　　　　　　According to Phoenix Weekly, the Shanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau and the Finance Department have come up with a "brilliant plan": whoever withdraws from the top 5 cities with the most serious air pollution in China will be rewarded handsomely; Cities with an air quality index ranking 10 places ahead will be awarded special prizes. The maximum amount of reward is RMB 2 million. Rewards are mainly given to individuals, mainly the principal responsible persons, leaders in charge, leaders of environmental protection departments and relevant personnel in key cities.

　　　　　　　　The report also said that "rewarding millions" is only one of the means of Shanxi’s new environmental protection policy. Since Liu Xiangdong became the director of Shanxi Environmental Protection Bureau in March 2006, a series of severe environmental punishment measures have been introduced, and even three mayors have received an open letter from the Environmental Protection Bureau urging them to carry out environmental protection work.

　　　　　　　　"Liu Xiangdong is an environmental hero in China" —— In June 2007, a Shanxi media published an article praising the then director of Shanxi Environmental Protection Bureau.

　　　　　　　　In October, 2008, Liu Xiangdong won the Gold Medal of the Global Charity Alliance for his outstanding contribution to the improvement of Shanxi’s environmental quality.

　　　　　　　　After being awarded the medal, Liu Xiangdong said that the environmental protection project is a project of people’s livelihood and virtue, and its contribution is contemporary and beneficial to the future. In one fell swoop, Shanxi got rid of the "black hat" with the first pollution in the country and put on the "green hat" again. This depends not only on the determination of "steel law enforcement" and "broken arm pollution control", but also on the cooperation of "linkage of all parties" and "joint attack" "So, this heavy medal does not belong to me personally, but to all Shanxi and the whole society."

　　　　　　　　In December of the same year, he won the fifth China Baosteel Environmental Award.

　　　　　　　　When Shanxi Environmental Protection Bureau recommended him as a candidate, he once introduced: He was born in Chinese major, worked as a reporter, once encouraged writing, criticized the current disadvantages, and became famous in Shanxi press; He has been galloping in the industrial and commercial field for many years. When he was in charge of Tianlong Group, Tianlong spent its moderns; After taking charge of the supply and marketing cooperative of Shanxi Province, the supply and marketing system of Shanxi ushered in the development climax of longing; He, who has been concerned about environmental protection for a long time, seems to have been born for environmental protection, and seems to have been waiting for the opportunity to die for environmental protection. At the critical moment of Shanxi’s environment, his temperament as a challenger and his style as an innovator make him a natural candidate for the provincial party committee and government to be appointed in crisis.

　　　　　　　　After winning the prize, Liu Xiangdong said that he would donate all the 50,000 yuan prize to Shanxi Representative Office of China Environmental Protection Foundation as the first start-up fund of Shanxi Environmental Protection Award to encourage and support advanced collectives and individuals who have made outstanding contributions to Shanxi’s environmental protection.

　　　　　　　　Liu Xiangdong’s environmental protection work has also been recognized by the old leaders.

　　　　　　　　The book "Bad Official’s Environmental Protection Documentary in Liu Xiangdong" writes that on November 17, 2007, an old comrade who had worked in Shanxi wrote a letter to the then leaders of Shanxi Province. The letter said, "The other day, when I was in Taiyuan for a meeting, I dropped by Lvliang City and personally felt that Shanxi has changed a lot in recent years, especially the environmental quality …"

　　　　　　　　In 2008, the State Environmental Protection Administration was "upgraded" to the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and in May of the following year, Liu Xiangdong was also changed from the former Shanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Director to the Shanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Director.

　　　　　　　　Different from the "glorious image" established in the media, an official in the environmental protection system of Shanxi Province told The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) that he had a general impression of Liu Xiangdong and did not agree with the statement that Liu was an "environmental hero".

　　　　　　　　Another official who often deals with Liu Xiangdong said, "It can only be said that he was a leader, and we can only obey. Now that he has been arrested, what’s the point of talking about it? "

　　　　　　　　According to some people familiar with the matter, Liu Xiangdong has been in charge of Shanxi’s environmental protection system all the year round and has made many social figures, including some Shanxi "coal bosses".

　　　　　　　　In March 2013, Liu Xiangdong stepped down as Party Secretary and Director of Shanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Department and was replaced by Guo Changqing.

　　　　　　　　In July, 2013, Liu Xiangdong served as the team leader of Shanxi Provincial Committee, responsible for patrolling Lvliang, a major coal town.

　　　　　　　　According to Lvliang Daily, on April 29th, 2014, a patrol group of the provincial party committee gave feedback to Lvliang. Liu Xiangdong, leader of a group of provincial party committee patrol, gave feedback on the patrol work. Relevant responsible comrades of the provincial party committee patrol office put forward specific and clear requirements, and Gao Weidong, secretary of the municipal party committee, presided over the meeting and delivered a speech.

　 　 　 　 Now, it seems quite ironic.

Li Hui, deputy of the 19th National Congress and secretary of Yongzhou Municipal Committee of Hunan Province, was interviewed by CCTV reporters.

　　Cctv news(Reporter Tang Shiying, Liu Chunyu, Li Wenxue) "Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our urban and rural appearance has undergone gratifying changes. For ordinary people, the sense of gain is getting stronger and stronger, and there have been great changes in eating and living, and the smiles of ordinary people are brighter!" Li Hui, deputy of the 19th National Congress and secretary of the Yongzhou Municipal Committee of Hunan Province, said that it is the duty of a local responsible comrade to study the report of the 19th National Congress carefully. "After I go back, I will pass the voice of the party to every party member at the first time."

　　Yongzhou City is located at the source of Xiangjiang River. In recent years, Yongzhou City has actively integrated into the development mode of "green development and green life". The excellent air quality rate has reached more than 90% all the year round. From January to September this year, the excellent air quality rate ranked first in the province; The city’s forest coverage rate reached 64.7%, with 8 national forest parks, 8 national wetland parks and 4 national nature reserves; The city’s surface water environmental function zones, drinking water sources and urban centralized drinking water sources have reached the standard rate of 100%. Up to now, the water quality of the Xiangjiang River has maintained the Class II water standard for 64 consecutive months, realizing the "Xiangjiang River going north and flooding the river". Ecological advantages and green advantages are accelerating into development advantages.

　　Deputy Li Hui said that the changes and development of Yongzhou in recent years are due to the "four persistences" and the insistence on green development as the top priority. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the city deployed 83 key ecological and environmental protection projects with a total investment of 104.2 billion yuan; Adhere to the ecological red line as the bottom line of politics. In recent years, Yongzhou City vetoed 72 projects to be stationed, with a planned total investment of more than 10 billion yuan; Insist on industrial transformation as a fundamental solution. Since 2015, Xiangjiang Paper, which has a history of nearly 60 years, has been shut down and transferred with an annual output value of nearly 1 billion yuan and a tax revenue of more than 100 million yuan. Adhere to the ecological accountability as a sharp weapon, strictly fulfill the "one post and two responsibilities", take the construction of ecological civilization and ecological priority development as the key contents of the "potential performance" assessment, and include them in the performance assessment of leading bodies and the assessment of leading cadres’ execution, so as to lead the green development with the assessment of "baton".

Li Hui, secretary of Yongzhou Municipal Committee of Hunan Province, accepted an exclusive interview with CCTV reporters.

　　It is such a series of measures that make Yongzhou’s ecological management and protection come to the forefront of the whole province and even the whole country.

　　The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a new plan of "accelerating the reform of ecological civilization system and building a beautiful China". Deputy Li Hui said that the concept of "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" should be firmly established, and ecological protection and economic and social development should be planned and deployed together.

　　Yongzhou will conscientiously implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, insist on guarding the green mountains with an iron fist, promote green upgrading with industrial upgrading, write a green answer sheet with reform and innovation, and cultivate green development with green culture to ensure that Yongzhou has bluer sky, clearer water and greener mountains.

　　Deputy Li Hui said that in the next step, Yongzhou will also vigorously implement the strategy of "innovation leading the rise of openness", focus on building "a new highland of innovation and opening up, a new Yongzhou with quality and vitality", highlight the "six major battles" and strive to achieve "four upgrades". Strive to reach the forefront of the province’s second phalanx in comprehensive economic strength by 2022, with an average annual growth rate of 9%, reaching about 350 billion yuan and a per capita GDP of 10,000 US dollars; The total fiscal revenue increased by 15% annually, and the total amount doubled compared with 2017, exceeding 35 billion yuan; The per capita disposable income of urban residents is close to 50 thousand yuan, and the per capita net income of farmers exceeds 15 thousand yuan; It will be built into an inter-provincial regional central city of Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi, a national civilized city, a national garden city, a national global tourism demonstration city and a world shoemaking capital.

Air-conditioning, watermelon, and WiFi are essential for summer homes.

Online classes, playing games and watching videos have become the daily life of friends.

Recently, there is a small partner private letter Xiaobian.

I found that my mobile phone traffic was "secretly running"

"The mobile phone is clearly connected to WiFi for 24 hours.

Why do you still generate traffic data? "

In order to protect the "money bag" of friends.

Xiaobian, this will reveal the secret for you.

Two misunderstandings

1. Some friends think that after the WiFi connection is successful, there is no need to turn off the data traffic. In fact, when the WiFi signal is unstable, it is still possible to consume traffic.

2. Some friends think that the mobile phone is still running traffic when connected to WiFi, which is either a problem with the mobile phone or a bug in the traffic. In fact, there is a problem with the mobile phone traffic settings.

1. When the WiFi is unstable or disconnected, the mobile phone may switch back to the 2G/3G/4G/5G network by default;

2. Some public WiFi has a time limit and will automatically switch back to the data network after the use time is over;

3. Due to the problem of mobile phone settings, WiFi； connection failed;

4. Some mobile phone systems will automatically switch to the data network when the WiFi connection signal is weak.

solution

1. Turn off the mobile data when connecting to the WiFi network.

2. Many smart phones will automatically open the data network when the WiFi signal is weak by default, so we’d better turn this function off.

Android system (take Huawei mobile phone as an example): Click "Settings-WLAN-WLAN+"to close it.

IOS system (for example, iOS9 and above): Click "Settings-Cellular Network-WLAN Assistant" to close it;

3. When the mobile phone is set to WLAN connection disconnection, it will prompt to use mobile data connection, such as Android system (taking Huawei mobile phone as an example), and click "Settings-Mobile Network-Mobile Data-Advanced-WLAN/Mobile Data Connection Switching Prompt-Prompt to Use Mobile Data Connection".

Today’s mobile phone traffic secrets are shared here!

Have you learned?

If you find it useful

Original title: "Traffic is" sneaking "? The truth is coming … "

Read the original text

10moon17The 9th china international forum on work safety Fire Safety Sub-forum, hosted by the Fire Rescue Bureau of the Ministry of Emergency Management and undertaken by the China Fire Protection Association, was held in Hangzhou, Zhejiang. Experts and scholars from domestic and foreign fire protection fields had in-depth exchanges around "strengthening fire accident prevention and promoting the development of fire protection". Zhou Tian, Chief Engineer of Fire Rescue Bureau of Emergency Management Department, presided over the sub-forum, and Chen Weiming, President of China Fire Protection Association, attended and delivered a speech. Responsible persons of fire departments of fire brigades, responsible persons of fire research institutes and fire product conformity assessment centers, as well as representatives of relevant scientific research institutions, research institutions and enterprises.300More than 200 people attended the sub-forum, and at the same time, the Japanese Fire Protection Association, national fire protection association, the International Federation of Fire Protection Associations and German were invited.VDSExperts and scholars of certification bodies.

Zhou Tian said that this forum is the first large-scale international forum held after the establishment of the Emergency Management Department. During this period, a sub-forum on fire safety was established for the first time, which fully reflected the concern and attention of the Emergency Management Department to the fire-fighting cause and the integration and docking of fire-fighting work and safety production work.

Chen Weiming said in his speech that as the organizer of this china international forum on work safety fire safety sub-forum, it is very meaningful for China Fire Protection Association to provide a high-standard communication platform for fire professionals from all corners of the country.

This sub-forum on fire safety invited domestic fire departments, scientific research institutes, universities, fire-fighting enterprises and fire-fighting experts and scholars from overseas to hold.14The keynote speech included not only the latest achievements in fire risk analysis and prevention and control technology research of high-rise and underground buildings, petrochemical enterprises, large-scale urban complexes and new energy vehicles, but also smart fire protection construction, external wall insulation materials, fire accident investigation, volunteer fire brigade management and certification of domestic fire protection products entering overseas markets, which are all hot, difficult and focus issues in current fire safety work.

Participants in the sub-forum said that it is very rare for Chinese and foreign counterparts to have such an exchange opportunity. Through one day’s discussion and exchange, they not only enhanced mutual understanding, but also enhanced cooperation and friendship, and gained a lot.

CCTV News:During the harvest season, many new farmers are active in the vast fields. They are using newer ideas, better technology and more scientific management mode to change the traditional agricultural planting methods and harvest their own "bumper life".

PPT will be put on first in the meeting. Data and flow are high-frequency words that pop up from time to time in the discussion. You may not think that this group of young people with an average age of less than 29 are actually dealing with land every day.

Li Ting is the head of this team. After graduating from Jiangxi Agricultural University in 2015, she went to an eco-agricultural company in Guangdong. At the end of 2016, Li Ting resigned and returned to his hometown Yingshang County, Anhui Province to start a business.

Compared with the traditional farmers facing the loess and facing the sky, Li Ting’s team is labeled as a "new farmer". The 11 members are all university graduates, including those who study agriculture, finance and journalism. In Li Ting’s view, their advantage lies in making good use of data to guide farming.

Data becomes new agricultural materials to help traditional agricultural production

Then, how did Li Ting and his team apply the new agricultural material "data" to farming? Let’s continue to read the report.

The cycle of crop growth, the change of market conditions, the performance of sales terminals and the portrait of customer groups are as important to Li Ting and his team as seeds, fertilizers and pesticides. At present, this 200-acre spinach is just the harvest that Li Ting and others "grabbed" with data. Before, because of the continuous high temperature, the sprouting rate of edamame was not good even after two crops were planted in the field, and it was about to be harvested.

In order to make good use of data, a new agricultural resource, Li Ting has set the development direction of "market-oriented, order-based planting". Although the planting structure of seedlings of pepper, chestnut pumpkin, Trichosanthes kirilowii and cauliflower has been adjusted, it can ensure that all the seedlings are "explosive". There are jobs in the greenhouse all year round, and more than 60 villagers have a relatively stable job.

The action of "two strengths and one increase" helps new farmers "wisdom" to cultivate land

In order to further improve the efficiency of vegetable planting, Li Ting and others are going to upgrade the previous greenhouse, but the upfront investment in facility agriculture is very large, and the cost of upgrading the digital greenhouse is even higher. How did they solve the problem of funds?

Just when Li Ting’s team was at a loss for funds, Anhui Province launched the action of "strengthening agriculture by science and technology, strengthening agriculture by machinery and increasing farmers’ income", providing a series of policies and financial support for digital agriculture projects.

With the support of various policies and funds of the local government, Li Ting’s base has gradually established a digital seedling factory, a cold storage room, a movable seedbed, an automatic sprinkler system and a visual Internet of Things system. These "new farm tools" exchanged for real money have made farming more scientific and technological and easier.

Just last year, Li Ting became a science and technology correspondent in Yingshang County, and his base has also become a local exhibition area for promoting modern agriculture. Almost every week, people come to visit and study.

Digitalization empowers new farmers to become farmers.

Li Ting and his friends have used what they have learned to become new farmers, realizing their own value and driving more and more people around them.

At present, the planting base of Li Ting has grown to 560 mu, and the surrounding planting area is 3,000 mu driven by radiation. Everyone knows that following Li Ting, there is no need to sell vegetables.

In the past two years, in addition to the flourishing facilities vegetable project, Li Ting and his team have successively transferred more than 2,000 mu of cultivated land, planting staple foods such as rice and wheat. Growing vegetables and raising seedlings, they already have rich experience and stable sales channels. Why should they go out of the comfort zone? Li Ting’s goal in mind is not small.

Li Ting, head of Anhui Yingshang Shili Ecological Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd.:We do field crops mainly based on the consideration of "digital" farmland, and we want to digitally empower in the field. At the same time, there is no need to panic when we have food in our hands, and the issue of national food security is also our responsibility as a new farmer.

　　
General Office of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government on Promoting and Standardizing

Implementation opinions on the application and development of big data in health care

People’s governments at the local level and listed, people’s governments of counties (cities, districts), departments and institutions directly under the provincial government:

　　In order to implement the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Promoting and Standardizing the Application and Development of Big Data in Health Care (Guo Ban Fa [2016] No.47), adapt to the development trend of big data technology, promote and standardize the integration, sharing and open application of big data in health care, improve the medical service capacity and improve the health level of the people, with the consent of the provincial people’s government, we hereby put forward the following implementation opinions.
　　I. General requirements

　　(1) Guiding ideology. We will fully implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, thoroughly implement the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the new ideas, new ideas and new strategies for governing the country, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the provincial party committee and the provincial government, adhere to the concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and shared development, take the protection of people’s health as the starting point, adhere to people-oriented, innovation-driven, standardized, orderly, safe and controllable, The principle of open integration, co-construction and sharing, consolidate the grassroots foundation, improve the policy system, innovate the working mechanism, vigorously promote the interconnection, integration and open sharing of government health care information systems and public health care data, fully stimulate the innovation vitality of health care big data, explore new applications of data, innovate new service models, foster and develop new formats, provide strong support for building a strong health province and a healthy Guangdong, and make positive contributions to achieving the goal of "three orientations and two firsts".
　　(2) objectives and tasks.
　　—— By the end of 2017, a provincial-level comprehensive health information management platform with complete functions and unified authority will be initially established to realize interconnection with the national population health information platform. Realize the interconnection between the provincial drug bidding and purchasing business application supervision platform and the national drug supply security comprehensive management information platform.
　　—— By the end of 2018, all the listed and county (city, district) national health information comprehensive management platforms have been built at all levels, and connected with provincial platforms, forming an efficient and unified network covering all kinds of medical and health family planning institutions at all levels, and realizing business application interconnection, information sharing and effective collaboration.
　　—— By the end of 2020, the province’s health care data will be shared with basic data resources such as population, legal person, spatial geography and environment across departments and regions, and the data fusion application in medical care, medicine, medical insurance and health-related fields will achieve remarkable results, and the new format of health care big data application will flourish, initially forming a health care big data industry system. Health care big data application standard system, data security and privacy protection system, relevant policies and regulations have been continuously improved, the quality of health care services has been significantly improved, and the people have received more benefits.
　　Second, accelerate the construction of a shared and open health care big data application infrastructure system.

　　(1) Accelerate the construction of "one network, three platforms and three databases". Strengthen the top-level design and implement the Guangdong "Healthy Cloud" service plan. Integrate and utilize existing facilities and resources such as e-government extranet, network operator network and government cloud resources, and accelerate the construction to form a private network for health care services covering provinces, cities, counties (districts), townships (towns) and villages (residences). We will build a unified and authoritative comprehensive management platform for national health information at the provincial, municipal and county levels, connect all kinds of medical and health institutions at all levels, and strengthen data collection, integrated sharing and business collaboration of application information systems such as public health, family planning, medical services, medical security, drug supply and comprehensive management. Strengthen the maturity evaluation of interconnection of the comprehensive management platform of national health information at city and county levels, and improve the level of interconnection. Establish three unified databases of the whole province, namely, full population, electronic health records of residents and electronic medical records, and build a provincial-level national health big data center with the three databases as the core. (Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, Development and Reform Commission, the municipal people’s government is responsible for all localities, and the Provincial Economic and Information Commission, the Public Security Department, the Department of Finance, the Department of Human Resources and Social Security, and the Food and Drug Administration cooperate, and the first department is the lead department, the same below)
　　(two) to speed up the upgrading of medical and health institutions information system. Accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the information system of medical and health institutions with electronic medical records as the core, reduce repeated investment and improve the efficiency of information construction. To break the data chimney formed by vertical business information system and the data island formed by isolated business information system, the information systems of medical and health institutions at all levels should all be connected with the comprehensive management platform of national health information of provinces, cities and counties, and realize data fusion within medical and health institutions and data sharing between medical institutions and between medical institutions and public health institutions. Strengthen the maturity of information system interconnection and evaluation of the application level of electronic medical record system in medical and health institutions, and improve the application level of electronic medical record. (Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, the municipal people’s governments at all levels are responsible, and the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission, the Finance Department and the Human Resources and Social Security Department cooperate)
　　(3) Establish a mechanism for the collection, sharing and opening of health care data.
　　Promote the interconnection of the government health care information system with the three databases of the whole province’s population, residents’ electronic health records and electronic medical records, share data, and cooperate with business applications efficiently. Effectively collect data on medical services, traditional Chinese medicine, biomedicine, insurance supervision, research and development and management of drugs and medical equipment, inspection and quarantine, public health, population management, education and scientific research, food and agriculture, meteorological environment, physical fitness, etc., support management model innovation and e-government development, and realize the collection of health care data, business matters and health decision-making on the platform. (Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, Economic and Information Technology Commission are responsible, and all relevant units cooperate)
　　Combined with the needs of the "one-door, one-network" government service model, we will further promote the sharing of government data related to population and health, and smooth the data sharing channel. The establishment of centralized management of health and family planning departments, Chinese medicine, development and reform, education, science and technology, economy and informatization, public security, civil affairs, human resources and social security, environmental protection, agriculture, commerce, safety supervision, inspection and quarantine, food and drug supervision, sports, statistics, tourism, meteorology, insurance supervision, Disabled Persons’ Federation and other departments closely cooperate with the regular exchange and sharing mechanism of health and medical data. (Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, Economic and Information Technology Commission are responsible, and all relevant units cooperate)
　　Strengthen data quality management, establish and improve the standards of health care data collection, cleaning, warehousing and storage, establish a data quality evaluation mechanism, insist on controlling data quality from the source, and ensure that health care data is legal, authentic, effective and available. Explore the development of desensitization and opening methods for residents’ health care privacy information, build and improve the open platform for health care data, smooth the open channels of data, and steadily promote the opening of health care big data. Explore the establishment of Guangdong health care data resource catalogue system, and make a good connection with the national health care data resource catalogue. (The Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission is responsible, and the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission and the Legislative Affairs Office cooperate)
　　Third, comprehensively deepen the application of big data in health care

　　(1) Promote the application of governance big data in the health care industry.
　　Establish and improve the monitoring and evaluation index system and evaluation model for deepening the reform of medical and health system, realize real-time monitoring of key indicators such as medical service price, medical insurance financing and payment, control of residents’ medical burden, and drug use, deepen the accurate evaluation of the reform effect of medical and health system, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of reform decisions. Strengthen the application of evaluation and monitoring results, and promote the formation of a new model of health management decision-making based on data, such as industry supervision, performance evaluation, input compensation and personnel compensation. (Responsible for the Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, with the cooperation of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Department of Finance and the Department of Human Resources and Social Security)
　　Open the data channel between medical institution management information system and clinical information system, integrate and analyze clinical, operation, cost accounting and quality evaluation data, build an evaluation system of medical institutions with comprehensive information, scientific evaluation, authoritative conclusion and timely update, improve the authority and credibility of evaluation results, and link it with hospital evaluation, fund allocation, performance pay, etc., promote the deepening of public hospital reform, improve modern hospital management system, and promote the improvement of hospital operation management level and medical service quality. (Responsible for the Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, with the cooperation of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Department of Finance and the Department of Human Resources and Social Security)
　　We will improve the monitoring mechanism for the income composition and changing trend of medical institutions, such as medical care, medicines and medical consumables, and cooperate with business information such as medical service price, medical insurance payment, bidding and purchasing of medicines and medical consumables, drug use and medical expense control, strengthen the monitoring and early warning of anti-fraud of medical insurance, and promote the joint reform of medical care, medical insurance and medicine. Accelerate the integration of comprehensive supervision information on health and family planning, realize the interconnection between comprehensive supervision and law enforcement information and health care related information systems, and improve the level of industry supervision. (The Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission is responsible, with the cooperation of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission, the Department of Finance, the Department of Human Resources and Social Security, the Food and Drug Administration and the Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine)
　　(2) Promote the application of big data in clinical medical care and scientific research. Make full use of national key clinical specialties, provincial key clinical specialties, national and provincial key laboratories and other advantageous resources, rely on the National Clinical Medical Research Center, the National Traditional Chinese Medicine Data Center and the collaborative research network, base on South China, face Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and radiate to Southeast Asia, and build a number of regional clinical medical data demonstration centers in the directions of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumors, geriatric diseases, respiratory diseases, nephropathy, reproduction, orthopedics, hepatobiliary, pediatrics, maternal and child health care, occupational diseases and traditional Chinese medicine. Strengthen the integration and sharing of clinical medicine and basic medical research data resources, and improve the transformation and application efficiency of medical research. Relying on clinical medical data demonstration center, integrating medical service data, drug research and development evaluation and management data, traditional Chinese medicine data and biomedical data, developing clinical decision support system to support clinicians to improve work efficiency and diagnosis and treatment quality. Promote the application of biomedical technologies such as gene chip and sequencing technology in genetic disease diagnosis, early cancer diagnosis and disease prevention and detection, realize the effective docking of genome information and electronic medical records, and promote the development of precision medical technology. Establish a genome database and a database of specialized subjects and diseases, and promote the research and application of disease markers. Create a number of precision medical specialties and precision medical pilot hospitals. (The Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission and the Chinese Medicine Bureau are responsible, and the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission, the Science and Technology Department and the Food and Drug Administration cooperate)
　　(3) Promote the application of public health big data. Promote the interconnection between various national special newspaper information systems and the comprehensive management platform of national health information at the provincial, city and county levels. We will improve information systems such as immunization planning, online direct reporting, online first aid, management and treatment of severe mental disorders, prevention and control of occupational diseases, early warning and decision-making of public health risks at ports, and the application functions of mobile emergency business platforms, so as to enhance the ability of public health monitoring, evaluation and decision-making management. Integrate social network public information resources and improve the early warning mechanism of disease-sensitive information. Strengthen cooperation with the World Health Organization, international and public health institutions in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, carry out research on the frontier technology of public health information, early warning and prediction research on the risk of sudden acute infectious diseases of international concern, and timely grasp and dynamically analyze the international public health risks such as the disease occurrence trend of the whole population and the global epidemic information of infectious diseases. Promote the information acquisition and information sharing of entry personnel in countries and regions where the epidemic broke out in advance, strengthen the business cooperation of inspection and quarantine, public health, foreign affairs, commerce, tourism, customs, port border inspection, maritime affairs, medical care, civil aviation, port services, railways and other units, prevent and control the imported epidemic, and improve the early warning and emergency response capabilities of public health emergencies. Promote the sharing of monitoring data of drug use, environmental sanitation, epidemiological factors monitoring, insect vector monitoring, drinking water, health hazard factors, port medical vector biology, nuclear biochemistry, food, meteorology, inspection and quarantine, sports, tourism and other industries, and effectively evaluate social factors affecting residents’ health by relying on residents’ electronic health records and electronic medical record databases.Carry out biological monitoring of key infectious diseases, occupational diseases, imported infectious diseases at ports and medical vectors, integrate multi-source monitoring data of infectious diseases and occupational diseases, establish a rapid identification network system for laboratory pathogen detection results, and improve the ability to prevent and control major diseases. (The Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission is responsible for the cooperation of all members of the joint meeting of the provincial prevention and control of major diseases)
　　(4) Promote the application of big data in traditional Chinese medicine. We will build a provincial platform for the management and utilization of big data resources of traditional Chinese medicine, a cloud platform for health information in TCM diagnosis and treatment areas, and a management information system for chronic diseases with TCM characteristics, health services and prevention of diseases. Improve and perfect the standards related to the analysis and application of big data of traditional Chinese medicine, build a big data center of traditional Chinese medicine and a database of diagnosis and treatment technology of traditional Chinese medicine covering medical treatment, prevention, health care, health preservation, rehabilitation, Chinese herbal pieces, Chinese patent medicines and hospital preparations, promote the application development of semantics of traditional Chinese medicine, data analysis and mining, intelligent diagnosis and treatment, knowledge management, vigorously develop "internet plus Traditional Chinese Medicine", realize diversified collection and in-depth analysis of big data resources of traditional Chinese medicine, and promote the convenience and benefit of smart Chinese medicine. Develop value-added services of TCM data resources and innovative services of TCM, and promote collaborative research on major diseases of TCM. (The Provincial Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine is responsible, with the cooperation of the Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, the Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission, the Science and Technology Department, the Civil Affairs Department, the Finance Department, the Culture Department and the Tourism Bureau)
　　(5) Cultivate new formats for the application of big data in health care. Strengthen key technologies such as storage and cleaning of massive data in health care, analysis and mining, and security and privacy protection. Accelerate the integration and innovation of health care data and new generation information and communication technologies such as cloud computing and big data, promote the deep integration of health care business and big data technology, and accelerate the construction of health care big data industry chain. Actively encourage social forces to innovate and develop health care business, and take various measures to support the development of health care service industry. Develop home health information services, standardize services such as online pharmacies and third-party distribution of medical logistics, and continuously promote the coordinated development of health care and health care, pension, housekeeping and other service industries. Promote the development of Chinese medicine, health care, health management, health consultation, health culture, physical fitness, health medical tourism, healthy environment, healthy diet and other industries. (The Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission is responsible, with the cooperation of the Provincial Economic and Information Technology Commission, Science and Technology Department, Civil Affairs Department, Culture Department, Sports Bureau, Tourism Bureau and Chinese Medicine Bureau)
　　(six) the development and promotion of digital health care intelligent equipment. Support the research and development of artificial intelligence technology, biological three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, medical robots, large-scale medical equipment, health and rehabilitation AIDS, wearable devices and related micro-sensor devices related to health care, accelerate the transformation of research and development results, improve the production and manufacturing level of digital medical equipment, Internet of Things equipment, smart health products, Chinese medicine functional status detection and health care instruments and equipment, and promote the upgrading of health care intelligent equipment industry. (The Provincial Economic and Information Technology Commission is responsible, with the cooperation of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Health and Family Planning Commission, the Science and Technology Department, the Quality Supervision Bureau and the Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine)
　　Fourth, standardize and promote the development of "internet plus Health Care"

　　(a) the development of smart health care services for the convenience of the people. Integrate online and offline resources, and establish a "internet plus Health Care" service, payment and credit, health management and promotion system. Vigorously promote the application of Internet health consultation, online appointment and triage, mobile payment, intelligent guidance, whole process reminder and inspection results inquiry, follow-up, satisfaction feedback of medical industry and institutions, and form a standardized, shared, mutual trust and convenient health care service process. Develop third-party online health survey, consultation and evaluation, health management, health education and other application services to promote the quality of health care services. Promote the construction mode of new network hospitals such as online hospital, Pocket Hospital and Cloud Hospital, develop Internet hospitals, and promote online registration of birth. Based on residents’ electronic health records, integrate residents’ health management and medical information resources, and carry out electronic health information services covering the whole life cycle of prevention, treatment, rehabilitation and health management. Vigorously promote mobile payment of medical insurance, combine online service hall, mobile APP, WeChat and other means to carry out data integration and information sharing, expand the application of social security cards in the field of medical insurance, and realize medical services such as medical registration, inquiry of electronic medical records and health records, and direct settlement of medical expenses. Promote a healthy lifestyle, encourage residents to activate electronic health records, electronic medical records and other applications, and improve residents’ self-health management ability. (The Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission and the Human Resources and Social Security Department are responsible, and the Provincial Economic and Information Technology Commission and the Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine cooperate)
　　(2) Establish a telemedicine application system in an all-round way.
　　Build a telemedicine system connecting the third-class first-class hospitals and county hospitals in eastern, western and northern Guangdong. With county-level hospitals as the hub, a telemedicine network extending to township hospitals, community health service centers and conditional village health stations will be built, and the telemedicine coverage of various medical institutions at all levels will be gradually realized, and telemedicine services such as remote consultation, remote pathological diagnosis, imaging diagnosis, ECG diagnosis, monitoring guidance, surgical guidance and distance education will be carried out. Strengthen the connection of the province’s telemedicine network with other provinces, international academic institutions and well-known foreign medical institutions, and develop inter-provincial and international telemedicine. (Responsible for the Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, with the cooperation of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission, the Department of Finance and the Department of Human Resources and Social Security)
　　Construction of regional pathology, imaging, ECG diagnosis center, further improve the mutual recognition mechanism of inspection results, and realize the interconnection and sharing of inspection results. Formulate telemedicine service prices, medical insurance payment policies and quality management systems to promote the normal operation of telemedicine systems. Promote data resource sharing and business collaboration between high-level hospitals and primary medical and health institutions, general practitioners and specialists. Open up the data channel between health management, disease treatment and rehabilitation, and accelerate the construction of a graded diagnosis and treatment information system based on the Internet and big data technology in accordance with the requirements of "first diagnosis at the grass-roots level, two-way referral, rapid division and treatment, and linkage from top to bottom". (The Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission and the Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine are responsible, and the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission, the Finance Department and the Human Resources and Social Security Department cooperate)
　　(3) Promote the application of health care education and training. Relying on the national health care education and training network, explore the establishment of internet teaching mode and method, and build an open internet health care education system. Integrate online and offline high-quality online education resources, carry out health care popularization education for the public and carry out vocational continuing education for health care practitioners. Encourage higher-level hospitals to establish remote training networks with counterpart hospitals and graded diagnosis and treatment medical institutions, organize remote surgery teaching, and improve the ability of primary medical and health services. Explore the establishment of a general practitioner training model based on the Internet, expand the scale of general practitioner training, and ensure the quality of general practitioner training. Promote the open sharing of health care education resources. (Responsible for the Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, with the cooperation of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission, the Education Department, the Finance Department and the Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine)
　　Fifth, improve the health care big data guarantee mechanism

　　(1) Improve laws, regulations and standards. Establish a management system of "graded authorization, classified application and consistent powers and responsibilities", strengthen the standardized management of residents’ health information services, clarify the right to use information, and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of all parties. Formulate and improve data management, data and information system security and health data privacy protection systems, and clarify the boundaries, responsible subjects and specific requirements of data collection, transmission, storage, use and opening. Strengthen the protection of information related to national interests, public safety, personal privacy, population genes, etc., and prevent data abuse and privacy disclosure. Follow the national information standards and norms, establish a health care information standards and norms system, and promote the standardization of health care big data products and service processes. Strengthen the evaluation of standard application level and improve the standard application level. (Responsible for the Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission, with the cooperation of the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission, the Quality Supervision Bureau, the Legislative Affairs Office and the Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine)
　　(2) Strengthen the security of health care data. Strengthen the classified management of health care data. The implementation of real-name registration system for residents’ health care services and the use of real-name management for health care data. We will build and improve a unified medical digital identity, electronic real-name authentication and data access control information system for medical and health workers and medical and health institutions in the province, actively promote the application of electronic signatures, and establish a health care data management model with traceable service management, safe operation of diagnosis and treatment data and multi-party cooperation. Adhere to both content security and technical security, and ensure that the regional national health information comprehensive management platform, data exchange network and key information systems are independently controllable, stable and safe. Carry out the reliability, controllability and security evaluation of big data platforms and service providers, as well as the security evaluation and risk assessment of applications, and establish software evaluation and security review systems such as security protection, system interconnection and sharing, and citizen privacy protection. Establish and improve the safety working mechanism of "internet plus Health Care" service, strengthen the safety monitoring and early warning of big data, strengthen the linkage between safety information notification and emergency response, improve the measures to resolve and respond to potential risks, strengthen the protection of important information involving national interests, public safety, patient privacy, business secrets and so on, and strengthen the information security protection of medical schools and scientific research institutions. Strengthen information security protection in cross-border exchanges and cooperation and cooperation between government and social capital. (The Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission is responsible, and the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission, the Public Security Department, the Human Resources and Social Security Department, the Intellectual Property Office and the Internet Information Office cooperate)
　　(three) to strengthen the construction of health care information compound talent team. Taking "digital doctors" as the training goal, we will formulate the development plan of health care informatization talents and strengthen the discipline construction of medical informatics. Establish and improve the training system of medical informatics talents, focus on cultivating high-level and compound medical information R&D talents and scientific research teams, and cultivate a group of internationally influential medical professionals, academic leaders and industry leaders. Encourage and support institutions of higher learning, health care institutions, industry associations and health care information enterprises to establish educational practice and training bases, closely follow the development needs of the health care big data industry, carry out continuing education and training, and promote the training and team building of health care big data talents. Smooth the career development channel of medical information talents and expand the development space of medical information talents. Orderly promote talent and technology exchanges and cooperation in the development of big data application in health care. (The Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission is responsible, and the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission, the Education Department, the Finance Department and the Human Resources and Social Security Department cooperate)
　　Sixth, strengthen the organization and implementation

　　(1) Strengthen overall coordination. All localities should establish a working pattern of government leadership, multi-party participation, resource sharing and coordinated promotion. According to the requirements of this implementation opinion, they should put forward the implementation plan of their own regions, clarify specific tasks, and ensure that all measures are implemented. The evaluation results such as the construction of comprehensive management platform for national health information, the maturity of interconnection, the quality of health care data, and the application level of electronic medical records in medical institutions are included in the evaluation of deepening the reform of medical and health system in the province and the evaluation of strong health cities. The Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission should take the lead in establishing a joint conference system to promote and standardize the application and development of big data in health care, strengthen the overall coordination of research and development, new format construction and application promotion of big data technology in health care in the province, and promote the implementation of key tasks. All relevant units should closely cooperate and form a joint force to strengthen support for the development of big data applications in health care. Promote the integrated development of military and civilian health care big data, and promote the standardization, interoperability and collaborative application of military and local health care data. (The municipal people’s government and the provincial health and family planning commission are responsible for all localities, and all relevant units cooperate)
　　(2) Focus on key breakthroughs. All localities should focus on solving the problem of big data application infrastructure construction, accelerate the construction of a comprehensive management platform for national health information at the city and county levels, and accelerate the progress of information system transformation and upgrading of medical and health institutions. Starting from the areas urgently needed by the masses, we will implement the health care big data demonstration project, focusing on promoting the application of big data such as health care, industry governance, clinical medical care and scientific research, public health and traditional Chinese medicine in internet plus. Vigorously support the introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation of advanced technologies of health care big data, and focus on developing the health care big data industry chain. Select a number of areas and fields with good basic conditions, high work enthusiasm and guaranteed privacy and security to carry out the pilot application of big data in health care, sum up experience in a timely manner, and make solid and orderly progress. (The Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission and the Finance Department are responsible, and the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission and the Science and Technology Department cooperate)
　　(3) Increase policy support. Promote the use of government and social capital cooperation (PPP) model to encourage and guide social capital to participate in the infrastructure construction, application development, operation and maintenance services and industrial chain construction of health care big data. Encourage medical and health institutions to cooperate with enterprises, institutions and social institutions, and explore ways to achieve the integration of government applications and social applications in the field of health care big data through government procurement and social crowdsourcing. Encourage innovative diversified investment mechanisms, improve risk prevention and supervision systems, and support the development of health care big data applications. Support qualified health care big data enterprises to go public for financing or issue corporate bonds, connect with multi-level capital markets, and use various financing tools for financing. (The Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission and the Finance Department are responsible, and the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Economic and Information Commission, the Science and Technology Department, the Finance Office and the Guangdong Securities Regulatory Bureau cooperate)
　　(4) Strengthen policy propaganda. Strengthen the interpretation of health care big data application development policies, vigorously publicize the significance and application prospects of application development, actively respond to social concerns, and form a good social atmosphere. Actively guide medical and health institutions and social forces to carry out various forms of popular science activities, publicize and popularize the application knowledge of big data in health care, and continuously improve the people’s ability to master relevant applications and health literacy. (The Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission is responsible and all relevant units cooperate)

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General Office of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government

February 8, 2017

Since March 2021, the influenza activity in southern and northern provinces has been higher than that in the same period in 2020, and since September, the level of influenza activity in southern provinces has shown an obvious upward trend. The risk of overlapping epidemic of COVID-19 epidemic and influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases still exists this winter and next spring. Recently, it coincided with a large-scale cooling in China, and the flu vaccine quickly "warmed up". However, how to choose a flu vaccine that suits you?

I. Types of domestic influenza vaccines

At present, there are trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3), tetravalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4) and trivalent live attenuated vaccine (LAIV3) approved for marketing in China.

Among them, trivalent influenza vaccine is suitable for children and adults over 6 months, which can prevent influenza caused by two influenza A viruses (H1N1, H3N2) and one influenza B virus (Victoria).

Four-valent influenza vaccine has more protection against one type of influenza B virus (Yamagata) than three-valent influenza vaccine, but the current four-valent influenza vaccine in China needs to be over 3 years old to be vaccinated.

Second, the way of influenza vaccine administration

At present, there are two ways to administer influenza vaccine in China, one is traditional injection and the other is nasal spray.

Among them, the nasal spray method is unique to the nasal spray influenza vaccine, which was only listed in China in August 2020, but it is not the first in China. It has existed abroad for a long time (the United States and the European Union approved the use of nasal spray influenza vaccine in 2003 and 2012, and both of them are tetravalent), but the market share has not been high. This vaccination method can effectively avoid puncture and "needle fainting" caused by injection, but as for whether it can really make children not afraid of getting flu vaccine, it seems that it is not. Although it doesn’t seem to hurt, the nasal mucosa is also very sensitive, and the way of "nasal spray" is not necessarily more comfortable than intramuscular injection. It is difficult for children to ensure the accuracy of vaccination dose, and the technical operation requirements for vaccinators are relatively high.

Third, the safety of influenza vaccine

Influenza-like vaccines are all split or subunit, that is, inactivated vaccines. After years of practice, the safety of all kinds of inactivated vaccines is relatively high. Its contraindications are limited to allergies to vaccine ingredients, and there is no restriction on egg allergies. Even during pregnancy and some elderly people with basic diseases are recommended to be vaccinated.

Then let’s take a look at the new nasal spray influenza vaccine: this vaccine simulates the process of natural influenza infection. After the vaccine is atomized, it enters the body through the nasal cavity, and the first barrier is mucosal immunity, and then cellular immunity and humoral immunity are generated by activating lymphocytes. However, this means that the nasal spray vaccine must be an attenuated live vaccine. From the point of view of safety, attenuated live vaccine may expel vaccine virus strains after inoculation, and occasionally it is reported that the live virus discharged from the vaccinator is transmitted to the uninoculated. Therefore, it is not recommended to vaccinate children with severe immunocompromised patients with nasal spray influenza vaccine.

Relatively speaking, the live attenuated vaccine has more contraindications (rhinitis, asthma, immune problems, etc.), and the range of people who can be vaccinated is narrower. The vaccination age range of this vaccine is 3-17 years old, which directly avoids children under 3 years old and the elderly who may have basic diseases. Pregnancy is also a contraindication. Even people who have used anti-influenza drugs such as oseltamivir and zanamivir (or traditional Chinese medicine with antiviral components) 48 hours before vaccination are not recommended to be vaccinated with this nasal spray vaccine.

Some foreign researchers have summarized the cases of influenza still diagnosed after receiving nasal spray vaccine or attenuated live vaccine or inactivated vaccine for injection. Among 17,173 patients aged 2-17, 4,579 received inactivated vaccine by injection, 1,979 received nasal spray vaccine or live attenuated vaccine, and 10,615 were not vaccinated. It was found that the effectiveness of inactivated vaccine for injection against influenza A (H1N1) was 67%, and the effectiveness of nasal spray vaccine or attenuated live vaccine was 20%. Compared with the recipients of inactivated vaccine by injection, the probability of infection with influenza A (H1N1) is significantly higher among those vaccinated with nasal spray vaccine or live attenuated vaccine.

Fourth, the effectiveness of influenza vaccine

As far as the effectiveness of protection scope is concerned, the tetravalent influenza vaccine containing four influenza virus strains (two types A and two types B) is better than the trivalent influenza vaccine containing three influenza virus strains (two types A and one type B).

Based on five studies from 2013 to 2016, the effect of nasal spray vaccine or live attenuated vaccine on influenza A (H1N1) is lower than that of inactivated vaccine by injection in all children’s age groups. Therefore, the American ACIP (Advisory Committee on Immunization Practice) did not recommend nasal spray influenza vaccine in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018.

A meta-study published online in Pediatrics in January 2019, entitled "Live Attenuated and In Activated Influenza Vaccination Effectiveness", recorded the reasons (and reviewed Meta) why AAP and CDC did not recommend nasal influenza vaccine in 2016-17 and 2017-18.

Please see the figure below for a detailed comparison list.

(Click to view larger image)

Finally, to sum up:Under the age of 3, there is no choice but to get trivalent flu vaccine. Above 3 years old, tetravalent vaccine is definitely the first choice in terms of protection effect. However, the price of trivalent vaccine is half cheaper than that of tetravalent vaccine (50 yuan VS110 yuan). If the money is not bad, then choose tetravalent vaccine. As for the nasal spray vaccine, if you are over 3 years old and under 17 years old, you happen to be "dizzy" or have extreme fear of injection, then it is much better to vaccinate the nasal spray vaccine than to do nothing.

　References:

1.Chung JR, Flannery B, Ambrose CS, Bégué RE, Caspard H, DeMarcus L, Fowlkes AL, Kersellius G, Steffens A, Fry AM; Influenza Clinical Investigation for Children Study Team; Influenza Incidence Surveillance Project; US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network. Live Attenuated and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness. Pediatrics. 2019 Feb; 143(2):e20182094. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-2094. Epub 2019 Jan 7. PMID: 30617239; PMCID: PMC6361354.

2. Yang Penghui, Yang Lufang. Study on immune defense mechanism of respiratory mucosal infection of influenza virus. International Journal of Immunology, 2006,72(5):294-298.

3. Technical Guide for Influenza Vaccination in China (2020-2021)

4.https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/nasalspray.htm

5 Changchun 100 grams of biological nasal spray attenuated trivalent influenza vaccine instructions

North America is the largest film market in the world, and it is also the main battlefield to test the success or failure of a Hollywood film. Generally speaking, there are two institutions that regularly publish box office data of North American film market: the website Box Office Mojo mainly collects and counts the data reported by publishers themselves; Comscore, a media company specializing in collecting and analyzing all kinds of data, collects daily box office data from the cinema, which is also the main source of box office data for American media.

Traditionally, Comscore’s annual report will not be released until the first Tuesday of the new year, that is, January 2, 2024, local time in the United States, but it is said that the total box office in North America will basically fall between $9.03 billion and $9.05 billion in 2023. As for Box Office Mojo, because of the time difference, the North American box office figure in 2023 on this website is still at $8.905499 billion for the time being, but I believe it will be further updated in a few days.

"Baben Harmo"

Looking back on the key words of North American movies in 2023, the first one was "Baben Harmo": two commercial blockbusters with irrelevant contents and types collided head-on in the same schedule, and the result was not that they changed, but that they successfully ignited the audience’s enthusiasm together and became a phenomenal movie event in 2023. Barbie, produced by Warner Bros. Film Company, finally became the North American box office champion in 2023 with a score of $636 million, while Oppenheimer, produced by Universal Pictures, ranked fifth in the annual box office list in North America with $326 million.

The success of the two works has its own reasons, but to sum up, it is nothing more than abandoning the routine and highlighting the new ideas. Together with Universal Pictures’ Super Mario Bros. Movie, which ranked second in North America’s annual box office list with US$ 574 million, these three works can be said to have high original value.

Although Barbie comes from a world-famous popular toy, Super Mario Bros. Movie is based on a well-known video game of the same name, and the protagonist of Oppenheimer has already gone down in history because of the atomic bomb, they are not actually sequel to the movie or remakes of old movies, which can attract the audience to buy tickets and rely on real original stories and designs.

Stills of Super Mario Bros. Movie

In sharp contrast, in 2023, a lot of blockbusters failed at the box office, almost all sequels and series of works. In addition to the superhero movies that have completely tired the audience aesthetically, Raiders of the Lost Ark 5 and Mission Impossible 7 have also failed to achieve satisfactory box office results.

The total box office in North America in 2023 is definitely the highest in North America since the epidemic subverted the film industry, far better than the $7.46 billion in 2022 and $4.56 billion in 2021. However, such achievements have not returned to the level before the epidemic.

Historically, the box office in North America has steadily exceeded $10 billion every year since 2009, and since 2015, this figure has exceeded $11 billion every year. Before the epidemic, in 2019, although the box office performance of North American movies has been severely squeezed by the streaming media market, the box office of the whole year can still easily reach 11.4 billion US dollars.

On the surface, it seems that the main reason is that the number of films released by Hollywood studios is getting smaller and smaller every year: only 88 films were released on a large scale in 2023, while in 2019, the box office reached 10.5 billion US dollars, which was 108, a full 20 more. However, I really want to say, even if there are 20 more new films in 2023, will it be guaranteed that the box office will increase by 2 billion US dollars? Who can say that these 20 films will get an average of $100 million at the North American box office each?

Movies like Barbie and Oppenheimer can persuade people to pay for tickets because they can only appreciate the beauty of light and shadow when they are watched on the big screen, and the same is true for Taylor Swift: Time Tour Concert, which became a dark horse at the box office near the end of the year. In 2023, when the streaming media service is becoming more and more mature (and saturated), how many movies must be experienced in the cinema in the eyes of the audience? Below, we will look at it according to the winners and losers list of the five major Hollywood manufacturers.

Universal Pictures International

Wins: Super Mario Bros. Movie ($575 million), Oppenheimer ($326 million), Five Nights of the Teddy Bear ($137 million) and Megan ($95 million).

Negative: Speed and Fury 10 ($146 million), Renfield ($17 million), Demeter’s Last Voyage ($13 million).

According to film companies, Universal Pictures, which won $1.93 billion in 2023, topped the North American box office list. With the blockbuster films such as Super Mario Bros. Movie and Oppenheimer, Universal has occupied about 22% of the box office share in North America, slightly overwhelming Disney and winning the first prize since 2015.

Oppenheimer stills

In 2023, Universal occupied two seats in the top five most popular films in North America. In addition, the innovative thriller Megan, which cost only $12 million, also earned nearly $100 million at the box office, while Five Nights of the Teddy Bear turned the cost of $20 million into a box office of $137 million, making them the two most cost-effective movies in 2023.

Of course, Universal also made some mistakes in 2023, and the tenth The Fast and the Furious series was exhausted, but the production cost was getting higher and higher, reaching a shocking $340 million, which erased a lot of the annual bonus of Universal.

In 2024, Kung fu panda 4’s "Daddy Thief 4" and other works will be listed around the world, and there is still a chance to win the championship again.

Disney

Wins: Galaxy Guard 3 ($359 million), The Little Mermaid ($297 million), Crazy Element City ($154 million).

Negative: Captain Surprise 2 ($84 million), Indiana Jones 5 ($174 million), Star Wish ($61 million), Haunted House ($68 million).

2023 is Disney’s centenary birthday, which should have been a year worth celebrating. Various commemorative movies, books and activities were also arranged in advance. However, the overall commercial achievements released at the end of the year made 2023 a year when Mickey Mouse fell to the altar.

Since the annual box office accounted for 26% in 2016, Disney has become the sole overlord of Hollywood in the past few years by relying on its fist products such as Marvel Comics and Pixar; The peak appeared in 2019, accounting for 33.3% of the box office. Seven of the top ten films in the world were produced by Disney, and the box office of each film exceeded $1 billion, leaving the other Hollywood giants completely behind.

However, with the arrival of COVID-19, everything came to an abrupt end. Three years after the epidemic, Disney’s box office share was only 11%, 20% and 18% respectively. However, at that time, Disney’s box office declined because of the external factors of closed cinemas and filming stoppage, which can be said to be a crime of no war. By the end of the epidemic in 2023, Disney’s box office still accounts for only 16%, so you can only find the reason from yourself.

The most serious problem is naturally the continuous downturn of the Marvel movie universe. From "Ant Man 3" at the beginning of the year to "Captain Surprise 2" at the end of the year, all of them lost their eye-catching characteristics in the past, and the latter even became the worst box office in the history of Marvel Comics movies, which made Disney CEO Bob Iger admit that at the previous stage, they really made a big mistake of focusing only on quantity and ignoring quality. At the same time, it also reminds opponents once again that there has never been any panacea in Hollywood, and the tastes of the audience are changing rapidly. Sitting on one’s laurels and standing still is doomed to die.

"Galaxy Guard 3" poster

On the whole, among the top ten box offices in North America, Disney still has the illusion that "Guards of the Galaxy 3" ranks fourth, "The Little Mermaid" ranks sixth and "Ant Man 3" ranks eighth, and there is still the illusion that "the skinny camel is bigger than the horse". However, excluding the special circumstances of the epidemic for three years, this has become the first year since 2014 that Disney has not had any film with a global box office exceeding the $1 billion mark.

Of course, Disney’s advantage is that it has acquired a large number of high-quality assets through mergers in the past few years. After being acquired by Disney, 20th Century Fox, which originally belonged to the ranks of the six Hollywood manufacturers, was renamed 20th Century Pictures, and its box office was also included in the Disney Group’s evaluation. In 2023, they released three works, Cabinet Devil, Venetian fright night and AI Creator. Together with the release of Avatar 2 in early 2023, they earned about $400 million in North American box office. Including this part, Disney accounted for about 21% of the annual box office in North America, ranking second.

Warner Bros.

Wins: Barbie ($636 million), Nun 2 ($86 million), Meg 2 ($82 million), Wonka ($143 million).

Negative: The Flash ($108 million), The Blue Beetle ($72 million), Shazam 2 ($57 million), Aquaman 2 ($85 million).

With Barbie, the highest box office in North America in 2023 (the film also won the annual global box office champion with a box office score of $1.44 billion), Warner failed to become the North American box office champion in 2023, ranking third with only $1.4 billion and a share of about 15.24%. I am afraid that the reason can only be attributed to the poor box office performance of DC superheroes.

"Barbie" stills

In addition to Barbie, in 2023, Warner also tasted a lot of sweetness in the horror film Sister 2 and the family movie Wonka. However, they invested about $660 million in the production cost of the four DC films, The Flash, The Blue Beetle, Shazam 2 and Aquaman 2. As a result, the global box office revenue of the four films was less than that of the 2016 Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice ($874 million).

In 2024, Warner will publish Dune 2, Godzilla vs. king kong 2, Clown 2 and other works, which hopefully will lead to a comeback.

Sony pictures

Wins: Spider-Man: The Vertical and Horizontal Universe (US$ 381 million) and The Wronger 3 (US$ 92 million).

Negative: Silly Money ($13 million) and Escape from Cretaceous ($32 million).

In 2020, when the world was in chaos, Sony Pictures once became the biggest winner in the North American film market, gaining more than 20% market share. After that, in 2021, they also continued to be in the forefront. However, in 2022, when everything is slightly back on track, Sony’s market share has retreated to the fifth place. In 2023, the situation is slightly better than that of Paramount, which is at the bottom. The annual box office of less than $1 billion accounts for about 11% of the market.

Stills of Spider-Man: The Vertical and Horizontal Universe

During the three years of the epidemic, Sony released about 16 or 17 works every year, and in 2023, it rose to 27, far more than any other Hollywood factory, and basically recovered to the level before the epidemic.

The animated film Spider-Man: The Vertical and Horizontal Universe, which was released in June, is a rare Marvel Comics movie that sold well at the box office in 2023. The global box office of "Grievance 3" also reached $190 million, almost the same as the first two films, showing the high popularity of Denzel Hayes Washington Jr.. As for "Napoleon" released at the end of the year, it is not a box office success in itself. After all, the production cost of the film is as high as 200 million US dollars. However, this huge sum of money basically comes from Apple with deep pockets, and Sony is only responsible for issuing, and the package will not be compensated.

In 2024, as usual, Sony will have a wave of new films such as Ghostbusters: The Frozen City, Garfield, Mrs. Spider: Super Awakening, Kraven the Hunter, Venom 3, etc., and the box office should make a breakthrough.

Paramount

Wins: Scream 6 ($108 million), Wang Wang Team 2 ($65 million), Teenage Ninja Turtles: Mutant Fight ($118 million).

Negative: Mission Impossible 7 ($172 million) and Dungeons and Dragons: The Glory of Grand Theft Auto ($93 million).

2023 is really a year to break the Hollywood convention. Not only has the invincible superhero movies been beaten, but even Tom Cruise, which has always been a box office guarantee, has experienced the existential crisis of Lian Po’s old age.

Before the release of "Mission Impossible 7", almost everyone expected that it would be Tom Cruise’s second successful summer file after "Top Gun 2". As a result, "Mission Impossible 7" failed to ignite the enthusiasm of North American people for watching movies on the first weekend, and was quickly defeated by Barbie and Oppenheimer. The most deadly thing is that the epidemic pushed the production cost of the film up to an astonishing $291 million, which caused it to bear an excessive burden before it was released.

Dungeons and Dragons: Glory of Grand Theft Auto poster

The box office failure of Dungeons and Dragons was also somewhat unexpected. After all, the film was adapted from a powerful game IP, and the audience’s reputation after the screening was very good, but perhaps because of the schedule, there was still a lack of enough audience to join in, which made this $150 million film unable to break even.

In the whole year, Paramount released a total of 10 films, with a box office of just over $800 million, accounting for about 9.6% of the total box office in North America, ranking fifth, far below the market share of 17.6% in 2022 with the blessing of Top Gun 2.

In 2024, Paramount will release some blockbuster new films, such as Gladiator 2, Transformers: The First Generation and Sonik the Hedgehog 3, which is expected to turn the tide.

Taylor Swift: Time Tour Concert Poster

In addition to the above-mentioned five Hollywood giants, Lionsgate Pictures, which took 6.55% of the market share, ranked sixth in the annual box office in North America. They released 12 films in the whole year, and "Fast Chasing 4" ranked ninth in the annual single box office in North America with $187 million. Further back, the independent film "Voice of Freedom", which is not unusual in shooting, distribution and publicity, won $184 million at the box office, which just squeezed into the tenth place in the annual single-chip box office list in North America.

Taylor Swift: Time Tour Concert, with the same maverick distribution model, earned $179 million at the box office, ranking 11th in the annual single-chip box office list in North America. Independent films like this broke into the top of the annual box office list for more than ten years, which seems to reflect the coming of the unprecedented changes in Hollywood in N years.