Middle-aged idolize fever: the mother in the light sign can escape the "fake Jin Dong" but can’t escape the fake scalper.

  The idolize fever in middle age tends to be more turbulent.

  Writing/Starry Night

  Editor/Li Xuanqi

  Accompanied by a deep and crisp "rush" from Big Brother Huang Niu, Zhang Qinglan followed a group of young people around the age of 20 and rushed into the studio behind the black curtain.

  Zhang Qinglan, 42, met a scalper selling fake tickets on her first trip to idolize and offline activities. After a thrilling experience, she rediscovered what idolize was.

  From "Fake Jin Dong" defrauding "Aunt" of her true feelings with inferior videos, to the fact that in recent years, more and more middle-aged people have joined the idolize team, and middle-aged people with more abundant financial resources and more mature ideas are using their own ways to create a different kind of spark in generate in the wave of idolize.

  Zhang Qinglan is a newcomer in middle-aged idolize, and there are many middle-aged fans like her. Being cheated by scalpers, unable to play online, unable to find organizations and other reasons have caused them to look like outsiders. However, there are still more "Zhang Qingyi" who have become fans of love beans, and they have the latest and most comprehensive love bean trends in their hands, so it is easy to call on a group of fans to support love beans together.

  But the same thing is, the idolize fever of middle-aged people often comes more turbulent.

  Standing outside the rice circle, I experienced an embarrassment of spending money on fake tickets.

  Zhang Qinglan, who drove for two hours to the outside of the performance venue, looked at her young sister with a fan, a handkerchief, a light sign and other AIDS in her hand, and some make a fool of oneself in her heart: If you don’t have any equipment, will it seem very careless?

  But in contrast, buying tickets is the most urgent thing at the moment. Because she is not good at playing Weibo Chaohua, Zhang Qinglan always knows the journey of Aidou a step later. By the time she realized that Aidou was coming to her city, the opportunity to get tickets had already passed.

  More than two years ago, Zhang Qinglan got to know Jackson Wang from a child’s mouth, and then she became a loyal fan. "In the past, life always revolved around the family, and I didn’t know much about the entertainment circle, but after knowing Jackson Wang, I felt that he was really a valuable boy." Since then, Zhang Qinglan has played Jackson Wang’s songs in her headphones and watched Jackson Wang’s programs, and she has become a real fan.

  After more than two years of silent pursuit, Zhang Qinglan finally got the chance to meet Jackson Wang for the first time. Not knowing the form of ticket sales and the arrangement of the support club, Zhang Qinglan just dressed herself younger and went to the scene alone.

  After arriving at the meeting place, a middle-aged man wearing a black T-shirt, black trousers and black sneakers went straight to Zhang Qinglan, and then whispered back to her: "Do you need a ticket?" Zhang Qinglan, who was wondering that she couldn’t find the ticket booth, concluded at a glance that this was a professional scalper, so she thought, "It’s such a rare opportunity. As long as you can enter the stadium, you can buy a scalper ticket." “

  Shortly after Zhang Qinglan arrived at the scene, the scalper took the initiative to strike up a conversation.

  After a few simple inquiries, the scalper said that he had a channel for the staff to bring Zhang Qinglan into the venue disguised as a staff member, and only needed 800 yuan. However, it’s just to bring in the show. The scalper will give him a work permit that is not his own, and there will be no seats after the show. It depends on the individual.

  In a short time, there were more people standing beside Zhang Qinglan, including two college students’ sisters, and boys wearing several clothes of Jackson Wang design brand "TEAM WANG" from head to toe. Zhang Qinglan learned through conversation that these brothers and sisters bought scalper tickets from idle fish, Weibo and other channels and then went offline to find someone.

  After waiting for about ten minutes, the scalper in charge of selling tickets found two other helpers, dressed in the same clothes, with the same dark skin and the same accent. There is no doubt that they are a group of scalpers fighting in teams. One of the scalpers carefully looked at the gathered fans, including Zhang Qinglan, and said, "Two young, one old and one male, wait for me to find a similar work card."

  At this time, Zhang Qinglan and several other fans still think that they can really get a work permit, but they just need to use it carefully. However, the situation changed quickly. The scalper who claimed to be looking for a work permit just inquired about the surrounding situation and suddenly came back and said in a low voice, "Come with me quickly and go in now."

  At 17: 29, according to the ticket gate, there is still one minute left, but there are still two hours before the event begins. Zhang Qinglan followed the big troops around a railing and trotted to the side door of the performance venue. On the way, two staff members saw the chaotic scene from a height, and they stopped it aloud, but everyone had only one idea in the chaos — — Run hard.

  At 17: 32, Zhang Qinglan was shocked by the scene when he arrived at the side door. About 30 young faces crowded together, and three or five scalpers began to complain. "How did you bring so many people?" It will be discovered if it is too eye-catching later. At that time, Zhang Qinglan and several fans in the same trade realized that it was a pure scam to enter the stadium with a work permit. The scalper just found an unguarded entrance and stuffed them into the stadium, and everything would be fine.

  Before Zhang Qinglan and his friends recovered, the black curtain of the side door was suddenly opened by a staff member in the venue. At the moment, more than 30 people rushed in, and Zhang Qinglan, who was caught in the middle, had been wrapped into the field before he could react.

  At 17: 38, about 30 people poured into the venue and scattered, each looking for a place to hide at will. However, Zhang Qinglan and several of his peers have begun to get anxious. One of the boys keeps looking for scalpers to talk on WeChat, while the other side continues to look for regular tickets that can provide places on idle fish.

  In the face of doubts, the scalper quietly sent a message to Zhang Qinglan, "hide when checking tickets, or hide in the toilet first, and then find a fan with tickets to ask for an electronic code." Before everything was ready, the staff took the photos and looked for them one by one.

  When the staff came to Zhang Qinglan and asked her to show her the tickets, she suddenly panicked and told the staff that she had been cheated by the scalper. When she arrived at the door, she realized that what she bought was not the tickets at all, but the opportunity to evade the tickets. After that, the staff seriously educated Zhang Qinglan and drove her out of the venue.

  "That feeling is really shameful. I can’t be cheated by fake scalpers next time." After leaving the venue, Zhang Qinglan added several young fans’ WeChat, asking them to take her to find formal channels and grab tickets together next time.

  In less than half an hour, Zhang Qinglan experienced embarrassment, panic and helplessness that may be difficult to meet at this age. On the way home, she saw the scalper who had just cheated her and took a new group of people to another path … …

  Middle-aged people who are integrated into rice circles: buying endorsements and organizing activities to become big coffee in the circle.

  Zhang Qinglan, who encountered an embarrassing and crazy scene in the initial attempt of offline activities, had extremely limited information because she stood outside the rice circle. But in fact, not all rice circles are led by young people, and many middle-aged people with strength and ideas are even more likely to stand in high positions.

  In the seventh season of "Qi Pa Shuo", there is a debate topic: "Should I stop my mother from supporting male stars crazily?" Among them, the deer, as the debater of the opposing side, once broke the golden sentence: Why can’t there be a mother in the candlelight?

  Zou Ying is such a mother in a light sign. She has never been to idolize before, but now she is an avid middle-aged groupie in the eyes of her family.

  "Zhu Yilong is an actor who has unique insights and awe in performance. He has high requirements for himself, so we will also be infected." Zou Ying said of Zhu Yilong, "After the explosion of fire in 2018, he actually had many opportunities to make quick money on variety shows, but he didn’t. He was still working hard as an actor.

  Zou Ying’s enthusiasm for Zhu Yilong stems from a recognition of the conformity of the three views. Zou Ying, who works in a well-known foreign company, originally belongs to a career-oriented woman who is serious and responsible for her work. She just turned 40 and managed a small team in the company. The leadership and management accumulated over the years also played a great role on her way to idolize.

  Although it is difficult for Zou Ying to follow the front line and pick up and drop off the plane for work reasons, there are fewer opportunities for the export of first-line materials, but this is precisely an important way for fans to become big coffee in the circle.

  Zou Ying’s advantage is that she has a more stable economic income compared with young fans, which enables her to support Zhu Yilong’s endorsements and magazines quickly at the first time, or even buy in large quantities at one time, and then send out the surplus products by drawing a lottery to call on other fans to do data, and the popularity and followers in the circle are increasing day by day.

  Zou Ying opened WeChat to show the zinc scale the WeChat group, QQ group and Weibo group in his hand, and there are five in all. Under normal circumstances, what Zou Ying shares in the group is all about Zhu Yilong’s daily life, such as The Rebel, which was a hit some time ago. Zou Ying will discuss Zhu Yilong’s acting skills and role stories with the fans in the group every day.

  But when a magazine is on sale or a new spokesperson announces it, Zou Ying will show his passion for doing projects at work on weekdays. "We usually call on the rich to hold the money field, and some people hold the people field. Magazines within 100 yuan hope to have one person and useful products can also be supported, but those beyond their own capabilities will not be respected. " If money is really tight and there is no demand for products, donating a free lunch with 1 yuan money can also be counted as part of Zhu Yilong’s data.

  And Zou Ying, from Nongfu Spring soda water endorsed by Zhu Yilong to Chopin’s "Ice Cube" series rings of the same paragraph, all got in the bag. Even the coffee machine that was not used at home, Zou Ying moved to the office for colleagues to use for free. In this way, colleagues in the company also volunteered to help her vote for Zhu Yilong.

  Purchasing power and leadership have become the important reasons why Zou Ying can’t do data and has no time to run the front line, but still has appeal.

  The main force chasing the front line is young fans.

  Fang Yu, who just celebrated her 50th birthday, is now mixed with rice circles. However, unlike Zou Ying, she has just retired from work, and she is tired of being a leader, but enjoys the feeling of being an ordinary fan.

  "Before Sean Xiao’s endorsement was put on the naked-eye 3D screen of the mall, I followed the call of the support club to punch in offline. At that time, many fans were quite surprised to see me." The dialect mentions the scale of zinc. Although there are a lot of "Auntie Powder" in Sean Xiao, there are still a few people who can actively integrate into the circle like her.

  Double-relaxed eye protector, usmile’s electric toothbrush, unified Manchu dinner, self-heating hot pot with small stove, double-set knife, stone robot … … All Sean Xiao’s endorsements and the same products can be found in Fangyu’s home. Because of the high degree of cooperation and sufficient disposable time, Fang Yu has been regarded as a priority batch of support team members by some big coffee fans of the support club. When organizing offline activities and punching in support occasionally, Fang Yu can have an admission ticket.

  How does the disorderly idol economy market collide with aunts?

  After many adverse events, the rice circle actually seems to have been crowned as a "scourge". But in fact, according to the data, the total scale of China’s idol industry may exceed 130 billion yuan in 2020. At the same time, the scale of the new tea market, where the competition is white-hot, is still at the node of breaking through the 100 billion yuan mark.

  It is not difficult to see that the cake of idol industry is really mouth-watering.

  According to media statistics, groupies are the largest, most sticky and highest consumption kinetic energy group in the field of pan-entertainment. Among them, female students in first-and second-tier cities, unmarried and rich are the main force of groupies.

  However, in recent years, with the advent of the new media social era, the frequency of Internet star-making is faster, and the coverage circle is constantly breaking through. According to the results of a questionnaire, 34.05% of the "post-60s" idolize group are willing to spend more than 5,000 yuan for idolize every month, which can be said to be ahead of fans of other age groups.

  A common way to call fans to do data in rice circles is to draw a lottery.

  To some extent, middle-aged people with economic strength and mature thinking ability are more responsible for their idolize behavior. However, at present, the fast-running idol economic market and disorderly idolize behavior appear side by side, and the middle-aged people are also facing the mutual integration with the rice circle culture.

  In this process, the ticket market in the idol economy is chaotic, and the problem is more and more obvious after the middle-aged groupies join. The repeated prohibition of scalpers actually has an important relationship with the irregular professional ethics of the staff in the entertainment market. Zhang Qinglan told Zinc Scale that the scalpers responsible for ticket sales and leading the way actually reached a profit-sharing cooperation with the infield staff who opened the curtain.

  Take the tickets of 800 yuan purchased by Zhang Qinglan as an example. If she successfully hides and watches the normal performance, the income of 500 yuan will go to the infield staff, and the rest of 300 yuan will go to the scalper who sells tickets and leads the way.

  In addition to this kind of private transaction that violates professional ethics, irregular wild speculations have also become a big mess. Zhang Qinglan later learned that she bought fake tickets in 800 yuan, some fans spent 500 yuan, and some fans spent 1200 yuan. If she didn’t happen to meet someone who bought them through a unified channel, it would be difficult for her to tell whether the price was normal.

  Not to mention for a long time, the scalpers in the ticketing market have countless tickets, but fans can’t grab a ticket, which is not unrelated to the above chaos. Under such circumstances, it is more difficult for middle-aged fans like Zhang Qinglan who have not yet stepped into the rice circle to buy regular tickets.

  With the diversification of Internet star-making methods, the number of middle-aged groupies will continue to increase, and the expansion of fan scale is positively related to commercial value, so the middle-aged groupies with leadership and purchasing power will also receive more and more attention. On the optimistic side, mature middle-aged groupies may bring a new cultural collision to the rice circle culture and eventually form a more benign atmosphere.

  But on the pessimistic side, the crazy and disorderly idol economy market may isolate middle-aged groupies from the rice circle for a long time, and the coverage and market scale will be affected.

  But in the final analysis, rice circle culture is not a heinous scourge, but more like a child who lacks spur and discipline.

  END

Farewell to Charging Anxiety "May 1" Travel New Energy Owners Must See

  According to the Southeast Network (Reporter Feng Chuanye correspondent Song Yaxin), the "May Day" holiday is coming, and many car owners have already made travel plans. The reporter learned from Fujian Expressway Energy Company that Fujian Expressway has laid out charging stations in more than 100 pairs of service areas and built more than 900 charging piles, of which the coverage rate of fast charging stations is as high as 88%, and the charging service network of expressway intercity traffic in the province has basically taken shape.

  This year’s "May 1 ST" holiday arrangement is: April 29 to May 3, a total of 5 days. Free passage time is five days during the May Day holiday in 2023 (from 0: 00 on April 29th to 24: 00 on May 3rd), and Fujian Expressway will continue to implement the free passage policy for passenger vehicles with less than 7 seats (including 7 seats).

  The high-speed department predicts that the public’s willingness to travel during the "May 1" Golden Week this year is very strong. Combined with the comprehensive analysis and judgment on the changes of expressway traffic in the whole province during the May Day holiday in recent years and the Qingming holiday this year, it is predicted that the overall expressway traffic in our province will rise sharply during the May Day holiday this year, which is expected to break through the level of the same period in previous years and hit a new record high. The travel groups are mainly long-distance inter-provincial tours and short-distance trips to go on road trip. It is suggested to plan the route scientifically and rationally stagger the peak trips.

  In order to facilitate the travel of electric car owners, Fujian Expressway has sorted out the list of service areas where charging stations have not yet been laid out, helping car owners to plan their trips in advance, avoiding entering the service area without charging stations by mistake and improving charging efficiency.

  The service area of the charging station has not yet been laid out as follows:

  Fuzhou area: Longtian service area of Fuzhou-Xiamen Expressway and Wutong service area of Puyan Expressway;

  Zhangzhou area: Huangtian service area of Pingmei Expressway, Banzi Yutang service area and Meifeng service area of Guping Expressway;

  Longyan area: Rentian Service Area of Zhangwu Expressway, Ancient City Service Area of Xiamen-Chengdu Expressway and Tufang Service Area;

  Sanming area: Fengxi service area, ancient ginkgo service area of Shaxia Expressway and Dajin Lake service area of Puwu Expressway;

  Tips for using charging piles

  1. During the charging process, the vehicle should be parked and turned off, and it is not allowed to move at will.

  2. Check the charging pile, charging cable and charging gun for obvious appearance damage before charging the gun. If there is any damage, charging should be prohibited.

  3. When charging, the charging gun should be inserted to the end, otherwise the equipment protection function will be prohibited from being electrified.

  4. After starting charging, the charging equipment and lines are electrified at this time. Despite multiple protection measures, you should try to avoid touching the charging equipment again.

  5. It is forbidden to plug and unplug the charging gun forcibly when the charging is not over, and it is forbidden to press the emergency stop button in non-emergency situations.

  6. Non-professional operation and maintenance personnel are strictly forbidden to disassemble or modify the charging equipment.

  Situation of high-speed power exchange stations in the province

  In cooperation with Weilai Energy Company, Fujian Expressway Energy Company has operated five power stations in three pairs of service areas with large traffic and high power demand in the province, including one second-generation power station and four third-generation power stations.

  Compared with the second-generation station, the third-generation power station has the advantages of higher efficiency, stronger service and smarter operation. It only takes 3-4 minutes to complete the power exchange, and the daily service times can reach 408 times, which can realize the functions of calling vehicles and automatically changing power, and can comprehensively improve the experience of power exchange owners.

  Tips for using Weilai Power Station

  1. Navigate to the nearest power exchange station by calling NOMI, and the locomotive system will prompt whether it is necessary to make an appointment for power exchange in advance, click OK, and then go directly to the power exchange station;

  2. After arriving at the power exchange station, a power exchange prompt will pop up on the central control panel, and the owner can choose to park automatically and enter the power exchange station, or back up by himself and let the power exchange station staff back up and enter the power exchange station;

  3. After the vehicle stops in the power exchange station, it will automatically start to change power. After the power exchange is completed, the vehicle will give a prompt, and then it can directly drive out of the power exchange station.

  In the next step, Fujian Expressway will encrypt the network layout of power stations, and strive to achieve one power station every 100 kilometers of expressway. It is estimated that 11 power stations will be added to Fujian Expressway during the year, which will radiate the sections of Shenhai Expressway, Jingtai Expressway and Changshen Expressway in the province. This will greatly enhance the convenience service capacity and provide a strong "green power support" for high-speed electric vehicles to travel to Fujian Expressway.

Opinions of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Doing a Good Job in Promoting Employment at Present and in the Future

Jing Zheng Fa [2018] No.30

District People’s governments, municipal government commissions, offices and bureaus, and municipal institutions:

  In order to thoroughly implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era and the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, fully implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on stabilizing employment, take multiple measures simultaneously and comprehensively, and ensure the smooth completion of the employment objectives and tasks in this city and the sustained and stable employment situation in the current and future period, according to the spirit of "Several Opinions of the State Council on Doing a Good Job in Promoting Employment in the Current and Future Period" (Guo Fa [2018] No.39), combined with the actual situation, the following implementation opinions are put forward:

  First, support the stable development of enterprises

  (1) Increase the support for stabilizing posts. Since January 1, 2019, 50% of the unemployment insurance premium actually paid in the previous year can be returned to the insured enterprises that have not laid off employees or laid off fewer employees. From January 1 to December 31, 2019, for the insured enterprises that face temporary production and operation difficulties and are expected to recover, and insist on not laying off employees or reducing layoffs, the return standard can be determined according to the monthly per capita unemployment insurance premium and the number of insured employees in the previous year of this city for six months.

  (2) Continuously optimize financial services. Improve the policy financing guarantee system, increase the scale of financing guarantee for small and micro enterprises, guide more financial resources to support entrepreneurial employment, and further alleviate the problem of financing difficulties for small and micro enterprises. Banks and other institutions that have made outstanding achievements in the work of business guarantee loans may be rewarded according to 1% of the newly issued business guarantee loans in that year.

  (3) Guiding and stabilizing labor relations. Strengthen the supervision and management of enterprises’ implementation of the labor contract system and the collective contract system, encourage enterprises to carry out collective consultations with employees, urge enterprises to protect the legitimate rights and interests of employees according to law, further build harmonious labor relations and stabilize employment.

  Second, encourage entrepreneurship to drive employment

  (four) increase the support for the discount of business guarantee loans. Small and micro enterprises registered and operated in this city, when the number of newly recruited people who meet the application conditions for business start-up guarantee loans reached 25% of the existing employees (15% for enterprises with more than 100 employees) and signed labor contracts with them for more than one year, can apply for business start-up guarantee loans with a maximum of 3 million yuan according to the standards of the number of recruited people and the amount of each person not exceeding 150,000 yuan, and the discount funds will be borne by the finance. Increase the maximum amount of personal small convenient loans from 100,000 yuan to 150,000 yuan.

  (5) Strengthen the construction of entrepreneurial carriers. Accelerate the construction of business incubation carriers for key groups and provide low-cost venue support, guidance services and policy support for entrepreneurs; According to the number of entities, the incubation effect and the employment effect, the business incubation base will be rewarded. Support areas with stable employment pressure to provide free business venues for unemployed people to start their own businesses. Strengthen the construction of the "Growth Enterprise Market for College Students" in this city’s regional equity market, and provide professional services such as project incubation, capital docking, equity custody, training and guidance for entrepreneurial enterprises.

  Third, carry out skills training to improve the quality of employment

  (six) support enterprises in difficulty to carry out skills training for employees. From January 1 to December 31, 2019, difficult enterprises can use the education funds of enterprise employees to carry out on-the-job training for employees by themselves or by entrusting institutions with corresponding training qualifications in this city. Employees who have obtained corresponding vocational qualification certificates or vocational skill grade certificates after training shall be subsidized by their enterprises according to 50% of the subsidy standard for technical skill upgrading; To carry out non-level skills training and each person’s training time is not less than 20 class hours, and give enterprise subsidies according to the standard of 500 yuan per person.

  (seven) to encourage workers to improve their professional skills. From January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020, the application conditions for technical skills upgrading subsidies in this city were relaxed from employees of enterprises who participated in unemployment insurance for more than 3 years to those who participated in insurance for more than 1 year; Persons with employment difficulties in urban and rural areas in this city who have not received unemployment insurance benefits can enjoy cost of living allowance, which is not less than that in 35 yuan, per person per day during the training period, and cost of living allowance policy only enjoys it once per person per year.

  (eight) to mobilize social forces to participate in vocational training. Support all kinds of vocational colleges (including technical colleges), ordinary colleges and universities, vocational training institutions and qualified enterprises to undertake vocational skills training or entrepreneurship training for unemployed people and rural migrant workers, and give vocational training subsidies according to regulations. The subsidy standard is determined according to the training cost, training duration, market demand and obtaining relevant certificates. Timely study, adjust and enrich the catalogue of vocational training subsidies, and expand the benefits of policies.

  Fourth, accurate policy to help employment

  (nine) to expand the scope of employment trainee subsidies. From January 1, 2019, the scope of employment trainee subsidies will be expanded from unemployed college graduates who have left school to registered unemployed people aged 16-24 and rural laborers who have transferred employment registration; Organize them to participate in employment internships for no more than 12 months, give employment internship subsidies according to regulations, and appropriately raise the subsidy standards.

  (ten) to improve the employer’s post subsidy standards. Employers will be encouraged to recruit people with employment difficulties in urban and rural areas, retired soldiers and laid-off workers from enterprises, and the post subsidy standard will be raised from 5,000 yuan per person per year to 8,000 yuan per person per year.

  (eleven) to promote the employment of rural labor. Vigorously develop industrial projects with quick results and high returns to help rural laborers find jobs nearby. Encourage outstanding young people to return to their hometowns to start businesses and promote farmers’ employment. Broaden the channels for rural labor to transfer employment, support rural labor who are willing to go out for employment in urban public service posts, and implement relevant policies such as post subsidies and social insurance subsidies. Give full play to the role of rural public welfare posts and enhance the ability to provide care for rural people with employment difficulties.

  V. Optimizing services to boost employment

  (twelve) the implementation of permanent service. Unemployed people in this city and rural laborers who require the transfer of employment can apply for unemployment registration, transfer of employment registration and other businesses in the social security offices in the streets (towns) of their permanent residence, enjoy employment and entrepreneurship services nearby, and apply for employment and entrepreneurship support policies at the municipal level and in the districts where their permanent residence is located. People with employment difficulties in urban and rural areas can receive employment assistance in their permanent residence.

  (13) Improve service quality. Actively use the "internet plus" model, build a network service platform for employment and entrepreneurship, promote departmental information sharing, streamline work links, and reduce application materials, so that "information runs more and people run less errands". Actively carry out policy propaganda, announce the policy list, bidding process, subsidy standard, service organization and contact information, supervise the complaint telephone number to the society, go deep into enterprises to preach policies, understand difficulties, solve problems, do a good job of helping, and promote the implementation of various employment policies and services.

  (fourteen) to ensure the basic livelihood of the people in need. We will fully implement the unemployment insurance system and steadily raise the level of unemployment insurance benefits. A temporary living allowance of 3,000 yuan will be given to registered unemployed people who have difficulties in life and do not meet the conditions for receiving unemployment insurance benefits. We will integrate urban subsistence allowances, rural subsistence allowances, and low-income family identification systems, expand the scope of assistance, lower the threshold for assistance, and timely include families that meet the minimum living guarantee conditions into the minimum living guarantee scope. Improve the city’s temporary assistance system, give temporary assistance to qualified personnel, and help people in need to get out of trouble.

  Sixth, improve the safeguard mechanism

  (15) Strengthen organizational leadership. Give full play to the role of the municipal social security and employment work leading group, improve the working mechanism, and make overall plans for the analysis, policy formulation, guidance and inspection of the city’s employment situation. The relevant municipal departments and district governments should earnestly assume the main responsibility of promoting employment, strengthen communication and close cooperation, and do their best to promote employment.

  (sixteen) to strengthen publicity and guidance. Guide enterprises to stabilize employees’ employment through transformation, training and job transfer, and support "double innovation"; Guide workers to establish a correct concept of employment, actively improve their employment skills, and realize employment and entrepreneurship through their own efforts. It is necessary to mobilize the forces of all sectors of society to form a joint force to promote employment.

  (seventeen) optimize the financial security. Comprehensively sort out the existing capital projects that guarantee basic living, promote employment and stabilize employment, and on the basis of maintaining policy continuity and stability, merge and simplify the capital projects and use methods to improve the efficiency of capital use. Strictly implement the real-name management of employment assistance targets and effectively ensure the safe operation of funds.

the people’s government of beijing city

December 20, 2018

Liu Xiangdong, Shanxi’s "environmental hero", once suggested giving environmental rewards to officials.

        At about 16: 00 on March 19, CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection official website quoted the Shanxi Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection as saying: With the approval of the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, Liu Xiangdong, the former party secretary and director of the Shanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Department, was suspected of serious violation of discipline and law, and is currently under investigation.

        According to public information, Liu Xiangdong was born in 1955 and joined the work in 1970. He was born in Pingshan, Hebei. In the 1970s, he graduated from the Chinese Department of Shanxi University as a student of workers, peasants and soldiers, and then entered Shanxi TV Station and Shanxi Radio Station as an editor and reporter.

        Liu Xiangdong’s relationship with news may be related to his family.

        In a book entitled "The Bad Official’s Documentary on Environmental Protection in Liu Xiangdong", it is mentioned that Liu Xiangdong’s father Liu Shan was the editor-in-chief of Shanxi Daily.

        In December, 2004, under the care of some retired leaders in Shanxi Province and the old-timers in the press, Liu Xiangdong published Liu Shan Memorial Anthology at his own expense.

        The author of "The Bad Official’s Environmental Protection Documentary in Liu Xiangdong" once worked in a news unit and lived in the same yard with Liu Xiangdong in the 1960s and 1970s. "We get along very well, and we talk about everything."

        The author of the book wrote in the "postscript", "I think I know him better. He doesn’t have a high standard of living and little interest in his spare time. No drinking, no dancing. Mahjong can’t be rubbed, and poker can’t be played. The only hobby is to smoke cigarettes and watch martial arts novels or real kung fu movies. "

        In 1985, Liu Xiangdong, who was in his thirties, moved from the media to his official career. He successively served as deputy secretary and deputy director of the Party Committee of Taiyuan No.1 Commercial Bureau, general manager and party secretary of Taiyuan Tianlong Building. In 1991, Liu Xiangdong became the Deputy Director of Shanxi Foreign Trade Department, and later served as the Deputy Commissioner of Xinzhou Administrative Office, the Deputy Director of Provincial Trade Department, the Director of the Council of Provincial Supply and Marketing Cooperative and the Party Secretary.

        In 2006, Liu Xiangdong transferred to the environmental protection system and became the Party Secretary and Director of Shanxi Environmental Protection Bureau. People in Shanxi’s environmental protection industry said that at that time, Shanxi’s atmospheric environment and water environment were ranked last in the country, and it was also the time when environmental protection work was highly valued and began to exert its strength.

        At the beginning of taking office, Liu Xiangdong suggested that officials should be rewarded for environmental protection, which immediately caused great controversy.

        According to Phoenix Weekly, the Shanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau and the Finance Department have come up with a "brilliant plan": whoever withdraws from the top 5 cities with the most serious air pollution in China will be rewarded handsomely; Cities with an air quality index ranking 10 places ahead will be awarded special prizes. The maximum amount of reward is RMB 2 million. Rewards are mainly given to individuals, mainly the principal responsible persons, leaders in charge, leaders of environmental protection departments and relevant personnel in key cities.

        The report also said that "rewarding millions" is only one of the means of Shanxi’s new environmental protection policy. Since Liu Xiangdong became the director of Shanxi Environmental Protection Bureau in March 2006, a series of severe environmental punishment measures have been introduced, and even three mayors have received an open letter from the Environmental Protection Bureau urging them to carry out environmental protection work.

        "Liu Xiangdong is an environmental hero in China" —— In June 2007, a Shanxi media published an article praising the then director of Shanxi Environmental Protection Bureau.

        In October, 2008, Liu Xiangdong won the Gold Medal of the Global Charity Alliance for his outstanding contribution to the improvement of Shanxi’s environmental quality.

        After being awarded the medal, Liu Xiangdong said that the environmental protection project is a project of people’s livelihood and virtue, and its contribution is contemporary and beneficial to the future. In one fell swoop, Shanxi got rid of the "black hat" with the first pollution in the country and put on the "green hat" again. This depends not only on the determination of "steel law enforcement" and "broken arm pollution control", but also on the cooperation of "linkage of all parties" and "joint attack" "So, this heavy medal does not belong to me personally, but to all Shanxi and the whole society."

        In December of the same year, he won the fifth China Baosteel Environmental Award.

        When Shanxi Environmental Protection Bureau recommended him as a candidate, he once introduced: He was born in Chinese major, worked as a reporter, once encouraged writing, criticized the current disadvantages, and became famous in Shanxi press; He has been galloping in the industrial and commercial field for many years. When he was in charge of Tianlong Group, Tianlong spent its moderns; After taking charge of the supply and marketing cooperative of Shanxi Province, the supply and marketing system of Shanxi ushered in the development climax of longing; He, who has been concerned about environmental protection for a long time, seems to have been born for environmental protection, and seems to have been waiting for the opportunity to die for environmental protection. At the critical moment of Shanxi’s environment, his temperament as a challenger and his style as an innovator make him a natural candidate for the provincial party committee and government to be appointed in crisis.

        After winning the prize, Liu Xiangdong said that he would donate all the 50,000 yuan prize to Shanxi Representative Office of China Environmental Protection Foundation as the first start-up fund of Shanxi Environmental Protection Award to encourage and support advanced collectives and individuals who have made outstanding contributions to Shanxi’s environmental protection.

        Liu Xiangdong’s environmental protection work has also been recognized by the old leaders.

        The book "Bad Official’s Environmental Protection Documentary in Liu Xiangdong" writes that on November 17, 2007, an old comrade who had worked in Shanxi wrote a letter to the then leaders of Shanxi Province. The letter said, "The other day, when I was in Taiyuan for a meeting, I dropped by Lvliang City and personally felt that Shanxi has changed a lot in recent years, especially the environmental quality …"

        In 2008, the State Environmental Protection Administration was "upgraded" to the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and in May of the following year, Liu Xiangdong was also changed from the former Shanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Director to the Shanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Director.

        Different from the "glorious image" established in the media, an official in the environmental protection system of Shanxi Province told The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) that he had a general impression of Liu Xiangdong and did not agree with the statement that Liu was an "environmental hero".

        Another official who often deals with Liu Xiangdong said, "It can only be said that he was a leader, and we can only obey. Now that he has been arrested, what’s the point of talking about it? "

        According to some people familiar with the matter, Liu Xiangdong has been in charge of Shanxi’s environmental protection system all the year round and has made many social figures, including some Shanxi "coal bosses".

        In March 2013, Liu Xiangdong stepped down as Party Secretary and Director of Shanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Department and was replaced by Guo Changqing.

        In July, 2013, Liu Xiangdong served as the team leader of Shanxi Provincial Committee, responsible for patrolling Lvliang, a major coal town.

        According to Lvliang Daily, on April 29th, 2014, a patrol group of the provincial party committee gave feedback to Lvliang. Liu Xiangdong, leader of a group of provincial party committee patrol, gave feedback on the patrol work. Relevant responsible comrades of the provincial party committee patrol office put forward specific and clear requirements, and Gao Weidong, secretary of the municipal party committee, presided over the meeting and delivered a speech.

        Now, it seems quite ironic.

Forty Years of Reform and Opening-up-Zhang Jun: Reform in the Age of Passion.

The Paper Liu Zhengtu

Today, I want to share with you some reform stories that happened from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s. I called it the age of passion and romance. Many important reforms took place in that era. Although I personally experienced that era, I didn’t participate in much discussion about reform, especially in the 1980s. But ten years ago, in order to commemorate the 30th anniversary of reform and opening-up, I spent my summer vacation in Canada and wrote a book, from which I sorted out a lot of materials of that era and found it really wonderful. Today, with memories and some precious pictures, let’s walk into that passionate time and see how many important reforms started and how they were promoted.

I have always said that in the past 40 years, the most romantic and wonderful chapter of reform took place in the 1980s. Many economists tend to regard 1993 as a watershed in China’s reform and opening up. In November 1993, we convened the Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee, and adopted a decision on establishing a socialist market economic system. Because of this decision, the reform before and after 1993 was very different in style, and the reform after that was accelerated. In a few short years from 1994 to the end of 1990s, the major reforms needed to build a socialist market economic system have been basically completed. Most of the subsequent reforms are secondary or technical. It can probably be said that the decisive reform was completed when the old man Deng Xiaoping was alive.

Then, I’ll start from 1994.

1994 Jinglun Conference: Establishing Modern Company System

Professor Oliver hart, a famous American economist.

First, let me show you a photo, Professor Oliver hart. He is the winner of the 2016 Nobel Prize in Economics, a professor of economics at Harvard University in the United States, and once served as the head of the Department of Economics at Harvard University. He came to China in 1994 and attended an important meeting-Jinglun Meeting.

Jinglun Hotel, a famous Japanese hotel next to Beijing International Trade Center.

At that time, many famous economists attended the 1994 Beijing-Lund Conference. Oliver hart was one of them, including two other Nobel Prize winners in economics at the University of Chicago.

In 1994, the Jinglun Conference was held.

On August 23-26, 1994, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the research group of "Overall Design of China’s Economic System Reform" and "Comprehensive Analysis and Reform Design of China’s Tax System and Public Finance" jointly held an international seminar on "The Next Reform of China’s Economic System" in Beijing Jinglun Hotel. Some people think that it initiated the spread of the latest development of microeconomics in China, and introduced the reform into the deep research of microeconomic foundation, which is called "Jinglun Conference".

Along with Oliver hart, he came to China to attend the Jinglun Conference, and a very famous professor was Professor Aoki Masahiko.

Professor Aoki Masahiko, a famous Japanese economist, passed away in 2015 and was a professor of economics at Stanford University.

The "Jinglun Meeting" was actually discussing how to reform the state-owned enterprises in China, and when the meeting was held, the state-owned enterprises were facing a huge challenge-the debt problem. At that time, the debt problem of state-owned enterprises was the most puzzling problem for their development.

The topics of the meeting mainly include, how to reorganize state-owned enterprises? How to restructure the debts of state-owned enterprises? How to reorganize state-owned enterprises? At the "Jinglun Conference", Professor Oliver hart and Professor Aoki Masahiko made many valuable analyses and suggestions in these aspects.

Professor Oliver hart is a scholar who studies enterprise contracts, so he has a lot of ideas about it, and these ideas have actually influenced the reform of state-owned enterprises in China. In the later period, our methods of restructuring state-owned enterprises and restructuring the debts of state-owned enterprises, including the establishment of four state-owned asset management companies to solve the debt problems of state-owned enterprises, were all influenced by the topics discussed at the "Beijing-Lun Meeting".

Professor Aoki Masahiko put forward a very important concept at the Jinglun Conference: Insider Control)[ Editor’s Note: Insider control refers to the phenomenon that the operator controls the company under the premise of the separation of ownership and management right (control right) in modern enterprises, which is caused by the inconsistency of interests between the owner and the operator]. This concept has a great influence on our domestic economists. State-owned enterprises are prone to the phenomenon of "insider control". In other words, outsiders can’t help them solve the problem of "insider control", so state-owned enterprises must be reorganized. Including many of our current concepts on the reform of state-owned enterprises, such as "establishing a modern enterprise system" and "establishing current corporate governance", did not exist before 1994. It was not until the "Beijing-Lund Conference" that the decision on the reform and reorganization of state-owned enterprises became a consensus idea of change, and it was written into the relevant important documents of the central government many times.

The "Jinglun Meeting" was held to implement the spirit of the decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee on establishing a socialist market economic system, because in this decision, changing the operating mechanism of state-owned enterprises and establishing a governance mode that is compatible with the market economy became the core issue.

The Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee was held in November 1993, which was the first time that the concept of "market economy" was clearly put forward after the reform in 1978. It has been 15 years since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in 1978. The decision of the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1984 only mentioned "commodity economy" and failed to put forward "market economy". Although we say that the reform and opening up began in 1978, in fact, the Third Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee in 1993 first proposed to establish a socialist market economy.

For our reform in the past 40 years, the Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee was a watershed. Because we admit that the purpose of our reform is to establish a socialist market economy, the reform has been accelerated after that. I have generally reviewed that in the four to five years after 1994, we have basically finalized the important reforms needed to establish a market economy system, such as fiscal tax-sharing reform, price liberalization, urban housing system reform, the introduction of commercial banking law, the merger reform of foreign exchange system and exchange rate, the strategic restructuring of state-owned economy and corporate governance reform in 1995, and the "grasping the big and letting the small" of state-owned enterprises in 1997.

In the past, we always said that China’s economic reform was gradual, crossing the river by feeling the stones and taking two steps back, but after the Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee in 1993, China’s economic reform became quite radical.

Deng Xiaoping’s speech in South China in 1992: China’s reform suddenly accelerated.

Before the Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee in 1993, there were controversies and differences on the ideological and theoretical levels in all aspects of reform. There are not only arguments between ideological circles and intellectuals and economists, but also arguments and differences of opinion within the party. It is the checks and balances produced by these open and closed debates that make the reform in the 1980s relatively cautious and slow.

However, in the 1990s, especially after Deng Xiaoping delivered a speech on the South in 1992, the ideological and political environment within the Party changed, and these arguments and differences still exist, but the reform has been ahead of the arguments. This is attributed to Mr. Deng Xiaoping’s "Southern Speech" in 1992, which promoted the market-oriented reform, and he did not advocate endless arguments, because that would delay the timing of reform. Deng Xiaoping once said during his southern tour in 1992 that "it is my invention not to argue".

The textbook The Chinese Economy, published by Professor Barry Norton of the University of California, San Diego, also tells the process and stages of China’s economic system reform. There is a similar statement in his book. He thinks that after 1993 and 1994, the process of reform in China suddenly accelerated.

This is obviously that the word "market economy" has opened the door for reform. At the Third Plenary Session of the 14th CPC Central Committee, the words "building a socialist market economy" were written into the decision, and Deng Xiaoping’s talk in the south played a very important role in promoting it.

Deng Xiaoping was in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shanghai from January 18 to 21, 1992.

Deng Xiaoping felt that his thoughts should be more emancipated and the pace of reform should be greater. Deng Xiaoping’s southern speech declared to the world: We should be more open, our reform will not go backwards, and our reform pace will only be faster. "

1990 Chinese New Year in Deng Xiaoping and Shanghai: Pudong will catch up later.

Deng Xiaoping came to Shanghai for the Spring Festival for five consecutive years from 1988 to 1992. I didn’t come in 1993, but I came to Shanghai for the Spring Festival in 1994. After 1994, he did not appear in public until his death in 1997.

During the Spring Festival in 1990, Deng Xiaoping told the leaders of Zhu Rongji and other cities that I made a mistake. At that time, Shanghai was not added to the four special zones. Shanghai is our trump card. It can be seen that Deng Xiaoping speaks highly of Shanghai and Shanghainese. He thinks that the development of Pudong in Shanghai is a bit late, but he also says that Shanghainese are smart and can certainly catch up. This was a conversation with Zhu Rongji at the end of January, 1990. After the Spring Festival, he returned to Beijing and told the central leaders that although I am retired now, I have one thing to ask you, that is, the development of Shanghai Pudong.

Under the impetus of Deng Xiaoping, the Central Committee immediately held a meeting on April 10th, 1990, and adopted a decision on the development of Pudong. On April 18th, 1990, then Premier Li Peng came to Shanghai to announce the development of Pudong.

Facts have proved that although the development of Pudong is later than that of the four special zones, after 28 years of development, Pudong has achieved great development achievements and achieved great success. The GDP of Pudong was 6 billion 28 years ago, and now it is 1 trillion. Shanghai’s GDP3 is 3 trillion, and Pudong accounts for 1/3.

In 1991, Deng Xiaoping came to Shanghai for the New Year. He said to the leaders at that time: "It is both a bad thing and a good thing to develop late. You can learn from the experience of Guangdong. " It can be seen that he has always been very concerned about Pudong.

The conception of special economic zones in 1979: a chain reaction triggered by an investigation report

Four special zones in Guangdong and Fujian were developed earlier than Pudong. However, Shekou in Shenzhen was developed earlier than Shenzhen Special Economic Zone.

In April, 1978, the Ministry of Foreign Trade and the State Planning Commission sent a delegation to Hong Kong and Macao. After returning, the delegation wrote a report, which suggested that we should dock with Hong Kong and Macao in two places near Hong Kong and Macao and try to do some export processing business. At that time, I chose two places: Zhuhai near Macau and Baoan County near Hong Kong, which is now Shenzhen. Later, this report was distributed to all the participants at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee as a meeting material. This report is very important, and it is this report that triggered the idea of Shekou Industrial Zone and later Special Economic Zone.

Comments on Li Xiannian’s Investigation Report to Hong Kong and Macao.

Reading the biography of Yuan Geng (editor’s note: former Party Secretary of Shekou Industrial Zone), we can see his ups and downs life. Kang Sheng persecuted him and went to prison, but after he came out, he arranged a job in Hongkong’s China Merchants Bureau through Ye Fei’s relationship. When Yuan Geng died a few years ago, someone commented on him: "Without Yuan Geng, there would be no Shenzhen now." In fact, Yuan Geng is an advocate of Shekou Industrial Development Zone. At that time, he advocated the establishment of Shekou Industrial Development Zone, which was stimulated by the investigation report of Hong Kong and Macao. At that time, he said, "Why can’t we build a freight terminal in Shekou? He calculated the cost of the industrial zone. He said that the cost of Shekou is very different from that of Hong Kong. If there is a Shekou industrial zone, goods from Hong Kong can be placed at the dock in Shekou, because the rent in Shekou is relatively low.

Cover of Yuan Geng’s memoirs

Under his active promotion, Guangdong established Shekou Industrial Zone near Hong Kong. Shekou Industrial Zone is earlier than Shenzhen, Shenzhen Special Zone was formally established in 1980, and Shekou Industrial Zone was established in 1979.

The economic investigation report of Hong Kong and Macao actually triggered a series of events: Yuan Geng proposed the establishment of Shekou Industrial Zone, and Guangdong Provincial Party Committee Secretaries Xi Zhongxun and Wu Nansheng (Editor’s Note: Wu Nansheng, the first Party Secretary of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone) proposed to the central authorities to establish an export processing zone in Shantou (at first, their idea was to establish an export processing zone in Shantou. Why are you in Shantou? They quoted the classics as saying that Engels mentioned Shantou in his book. At the same time, Fujian also proposed to establish a special economic zone.

As a result of discussion in the Central Committee, everyone agreed in principle to establish a special zone. The key issues are the size of the special zone and the name of the area.

What’s the name of the special zone? At first, it was called export processing zone. Some people objected that "Taiwan Province has export processing zones, but we can’t have them." Finally, let Deng Xiaoping decide. Deng Xiaoping said: It can be called a special zone, and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia is a special zone.

What is the area of the special zone? More than 300 square kilometers? The SAR Office of Guangdong Province thinks that this area is too large, and metaphorically says that "the special zones in the world are not as big as more than 300 square kilometers". Some people object: "This special zone is too big. Do you want a bigger special zone than the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Special Zone?" Some people even said, "It’s boundless." The sentence "infinitely big" was very serious at that time. It can be seen that many people are opposed to the establishment of a special zone with such a large area. In the end, the Central Committee decided to build a special zone, which is called a special economic zone, on the advice of Deng Xiaoping, and the Shenzhen Special Zone covers an area of 327 square kilometers.

In 1979, the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was not established, but there was a local special economic zone regulation in Guangdong Province-Guangdong Special Economic Zone Regulation. After Guangdong reported to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress passed this regulation on August 26th, 1980, which was the first local regulation in China history to be discussed and passed in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC). This historic regulation was aimed at the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. So August 26th is the day when Shenzhen was founded, and it is also the day when Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was founded.

However, since its inception, Shenzhen has been facing the debate of "whether it is surnamed Zi or surnamed She".

The establishment of the special zone in 1980 was aimed at introducing foreign capital, so it would certainly lead to an ideological debate at that time. The practice of establishing the special zone would definitely conflict with the Marxist classical writers and the ideology of our ancestors, so we kept arguing.

In the situation that Shenzhen has just been established for one year, the central government has been somewhat shaken, including the top management, and proposed to make some adjustments in policies. At that time, Wu Nansheng, as the party secretary of Shenzhen, was under great pressure. In 1982 and 1983, there was a big discussion about Shenzhen in China. This discussion is very intense in the ideological circle and within the party. At that time, many people said, "Can you still see the shadow of socialism when you go to Shenzhen?" So at this time, it is even more necessary for Deng Xiaoping to really stand up and endorse Shenzhen, otherwise Shenzhen will face the risk of being shut down.

In January 1984, Deng Xiaoping visited Shenzhen and wrote the famous sentence: The development and experience of Shenzhen proved that our policy of establishing special economic zones was correct.

On January 26, 1984, Deng Xiaoping wrote an inscription for Shenzhen Special Economic Zone: "The development and experience of Shenzhen prove that our policy of establishing special economic zones is correct."

But in February 1985, Hong Kong’s Wide Angle Mirror magazine published an article by a young scholar, Chen Wenhong, "What’s the problem in Shenzhen? 》。 Chen Wenhong visited Shenzhen in 1985, that is, five years after the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. He found that in fact, Shenzhen attracted not much foreign investment, but all the mainland capital, and all the mainland provinces had a lot of hot money in Shenzhen. He also calculated that the per capita purchasing power of Shenzhen was several times higher than that of Shanghai and Beijing to prove it.

Because everyone thinks that Shenzhen represents business opportunities and opportunities, you can make a lot of money by investing in Shenzhen. And mainland tourists also go to Shenzhen to buy things, because Shenzhen can buy things from Hong Kong.

Chen Wenhong wrote in the article: Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has not achieved the widely publicized development model of "focusing on industry, focusing on foreign investment and focusing on export". He accused Shenzhen’s prosperity of relying on "importing goods and materials to earn money in the domestic market". Although Chen Wenhong’s argument method has been questioned a lot, there are not a few people who hold similar views with him.

He calculated a simple account. In 1985, the total retail sales in Shenzhen divided by the population in Shenzhen was equal to the purchasing power of Shenzhen per capita. He calculated at that time that the purchasing power of Shenzhen per capita in 1984 was more than 4,000 yuan. At the same time, he calculated the per capita purchasing power of Beijing and Shanghai, which was only over 700 RMB, from which he concluded that the prosperity of Shenzhen depended on the purchasing power of the mainland. Therefore, he concluded that Shenzhen did not achieve the goal set when the SAR was established: it wanted to introduce foreign capital.

So his article once again caused a lot of controversy. Originally, Deng Xiaoping wrote this passage in 1984, so don’t argue any more. However, the article "What’s the Problem in Shenzhen" published by Chen Wenhong in 1985 once again pushed Shenzhen to the forefront and questioned the legitimacy and necessity of the establishment of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone again.

Until 1992, Deng Xiaoping went to Shenzhen to speak in the south. Only then did we see that Shenzhen was indeed developing along the direction envisaged in those years (export processing zone to attract foreign investment). What I saw in the early mid-1980s was that the mainland’s hot money wandered around there. By 1992, this phenomenon had been very rare. Shenzhen has truly become an export-oriented export processing zone.

In any case, Shenzhen is very successful among the four special economic zones. Today’s Shenzhen has become one of the four first-tier cities called "North to Guangzhou and Shenzhen". Now, Shenzhen’s GDP has surpassed that of Guangzhou, and its total GDP has exceeded 2.2 trillion. Now, Shenzhen has become the cradle of hard technology. A large number of entrepreneurs are willing to start a business in Shenzhen.

Now the Luohu port in Shenzhen.

When the escape from Hong Kong was the most serious, Vice Premier Gu Mu stood on the bank of Luohukou, Baoan County, and stood on the port bridge from Luohu to Hong Kong, saying, "I hope that one day, more people from there will come here." Today, the railway bridge at Luohu Port means that more Hong Kong people are going from Hong Kong to Shenzhen. At that time, the goal expected by Vice Premier Gu Mu has been achieved.

In 30 years, since 1980, great changes have really taken place in Shenzhen. I believe that in the late 1990s, the development model of Shenzhen has basically taken shape. Shenzhen has become an open and more market-oriented special economic zone. I believe that Shenzhen is more developed than many cities in the mainland, and Shenzhen’s economic development model is also a very important reason why it can dominate the high-tech industry now.

The Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee in 1984: The focus of reform shifted from rural areas to cities.

When people were debating whether Shenzhen was a surname of capital or a surname of society, the Third Plenary Session of the 12th Central Committee was held in 1984, and the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Economic System Reform was issued. In other words, when Shenzhen is engaged in construction in full swing, the economic system in most parts of our country is still in the era of planned economy.

In October 1984, the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee adopted the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s decision on economic system reform. Everyone is very surprised. Didn’t we start reform and opening up in 1978? But in fact, before 1984, our overall reform was in rural areas and agriculture. Only after the promulgation of the Decision on the Reform of the Socialist Economic System in 1984 (hereinafter referred to as the Decision) did the focus of economic reform shift to cities.

Deng Xiaoping spoke highly of this decision, saying that it was innovative to have something that our ancestors had never said. So what did the "Decision" in 1984 say that our ancestors didn’t say? The "commodity economy" was mentioned for the first time. At that time, we dared not mention the socialist market economy at all. In the Decision, we established that the goal of reform is to establish a socialist commodity economy, not a socialist market economy.

People who study Marxist political economy argue about "what is a commodity" all day. The corresponding product of the commodity. Market economy corresponds to commodity economy at that time, while planned economy corresponds to product economy at that time. Commodity economy is one step closer than product economy. So what is a commodity? It can be used as an exchange. Products cannot be exchanged, and only when they can be used for exchange can they become commodities. So at that time, the socialist commodity economy was written in the "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee. In Deng Xiaoping’s view, it was already something that the ancestors had not said. Perhaps Deng Xiaoping saw that it was not too far away from the market economy.

Therefore, since 1984, the reform in China has really started. Before 1984, the reform was spontaneous. After the "Decision" in 1984, we began to consciously and systematically promote the reform in the city.

However, when the "Decision" was issued, China’s economy experienced serious and growing inflation.

In the era of planned economy, there was no inflation. Because the price is set by the government. But in the era of planned economy, what will happen if demand exceeds supply? There will be people in need who have to wait in line. However, when the "Decision" was promulgated in 1984, in fact, the price was already somewhat loose. The government’s pricing on various items, including means of production and consumer goods, has begun to loosen. In other words, some phenomena that partially reflect the relationship between supply and demand have begun to appear in the market. As a result, inflation was out of control, and this phenomenon continued intermittently until 1987, which was slightly controlled in 1987 and rebounded in 1988. Therefore, when we issued the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Economic System Reform, China’s economy has undergone a very interesting change. It is no longer a completely classic planned economy, and many factors of market exchange have begun to appear, which has pushed up the price.

In the mid-1980s, an East German economist visited Beijing. After listening to many introductions about China’s economic system reform, he said: "I think China’s reforms are all micro-reforms, and there is no macro-reform." He hinted that China did not pay attention to macro-stability in micro-reform.

As you can imagine, in the era of planned economy, demand is a serious shortage, demand is suppressed, and demand is a huge energy. Once it is left unchecked, prices will soar in the case of a serious shortage of supply. This explains why the government found that there was no way to control inflation at that time, because the economic policy at that time had no concept of macro-control.

When the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee proposed to promote the reform of urban economic system, we were already faced with the problem of macroeconomic instability. However, at that time, the decision on reform was still only microeconomic reform.

Throughout the 1980s, especially from 1984 to 1988, the most perplexing problem faced by the State Council was how to continue the reform of planned economy in cities when the macro economy was out of control and inflation pressure remained high.

Bashan Wheel Conference in 1985: the Starting Point of Macro-management

From September 2 to 8, 1985, more than 30 Chinese and foreign economists took a cruise ship "Bashan" from Wuhan to Chongqing, and held an "International Symposium on Macroeconomic Management" on the ship, which was later called "Bashan Wheel Conference". The oldest economist in China is Mr. Xue Muqiao, who was 81 years old. The youngest participant was Guo Shuqing, 29, who was still studying in China Academy of Social Sciences.

Group photo of all participants in Bashan Wheel Conference.

The importance of Bashan Round Meeting lies in that it made our reformers and economists understand the importance of macro-stability and macro-demand management for the first time, and also helped us better understand the importance of supporting reforms.

The Bashan Round Meeting was jointly organized by china society of economic reform, China Academy of Social Sciences and the World Bank. A total of seven or eight topics were discussed. The most important topic was: Why did inflation occur during the economic system reform? How to control inflation? What conditions does the reform need? How will macroeconomic imbalance affect reform? In what way should the reform be promoted?

James Tobin, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1981, and Janos Kornai, a Hungarian economist, were invited to this meeting. There are also economists from Britain and Japan.

The picture on the left shows James Tobin, winner of the 1981 Nobel Prize in Economics, and the picture on the right shows Janos Kornai, a Hungarian economist.

At the meeting, james tobin explained why inflation appeared in the process of reform, because wages in China rose too fast. He pointed out that since the rate of price increase is equal to the nominal wage rate minus the labor productivity, if the labor productivity increases, the wages will rise with it, which will not lead to price increase. However, if the rising rate of labor productivity is lower than that of nominal wages, and wages are artificially high, then prices will definitely rise.

In view of the pressure of the expansion of consumer funds and rising wages faced by China at that time, he even suggested that this formula (price increase rate = nominal wage rate-labor productivity) should be written down and put in the office of every state-owned enterprise manager and president of state-owned bank, so that they can always bear in mind that nominal wages should follow labor productivity.

Colne had experienced partial economic reforms in Hungary, which made his speech focus on the more basic reform mode. That is to say, there will be several ways to transition from planned economy to market economy, which is more feasible. His analysis has a great influence on China economists. His book "Shortage Economics" made him famous in China.

The picture shows a group photo of four economists attending the Bashan Wheel Conference.Among them are famous economists Xue Muqiao (first from left, former Secretary-General of the Finance and Economics Committee of the State Council and Director of the Bureau of Private Enterprises, Director of the National Bureau of Statistics, Director of the National Price Committee, and Director-General of the the State Council Economic Research Center), Ma Hong (second from left, former President of the China Policy Science Research Association) and Wu Jinglian (first from right, famous economist, researcher of the the State Council Development Research Center, and a leading economist in China).

"Moganshan Conference" in 1984: Price Double Track Transition?

The emergence of inflation led to the Bashan Wheel Conference in 1985. However, the price increase is not only the product of price reform, but also affects the process of price reform in turn. In the early stage of reform, how should the price reform be promoted? How can we minimize the impact of price reform on the interests of all aspects of society? This is the most basic reform problem after the central government decided to shift the focus of reform from rural areas to cities in 1984.

But in fact, just two months before the Third Plenary Session of the Twelfth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made a decision on economic system reform, that is, in September 1984, a meeting of young economists was held in Moganshan, Zhejiang Province, which was called "Moganshan Meeting" in history, and its full name was "Academic Seminar for Young and Middle-aged Economic Scientists". The conference was aimed at national essay writing, and received 1,300 contributions. Among them, 120 were selected and divided into seven groups. They stayed up all night to discuss the reform plan of how to transition from planned economy to market economy. It is said that the most heated discussion and debate is the price group. As time goes by, the Moganshan Conference is also famous all over the world because of the debate on price reform.

The meeting not only attracted young economists from all over the country to participate enthusiastically, but also the leaders of Zhejiang Province at that time gave speeches. Zhang Jinfu, the central leader from Beijing, went to Hangzhou specially to listen to the summary report of the Moganshan meeting, and the person who reported to Zhang Jinfu was Watson.

Zhang Jinfu, former member of the Standing Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Advisory Committee and former State Councilor.

As a result, more than 20 years later, there was a famous debate between Watson and Zhang Weiying who also attended the Moganshan Conference, a debate about the right of invention, that is, who put forward the reform plan of the dual-track system price at the Moganshan Conference.

Zhang Weiying was a graduate student at Northwest University. Zhang Weiying said that this was his first time to fly from Xi ‘an to Hangzhou. This meeting is really the first time for many people.

This is a heated debate. Because I was writing that book about reform and opening up at that time, which was going to write "the reform of the two-track price system", both sides came to me to provide me with information. I remember one night when I was asleep, Zhang Weiying called me from Hong Kong. He seemed to be visiting the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He said, "Because you wrote this book, I’m going to copy a lot of original materials and send them." It’s very difficult for me to write this history, because I didn’t attend this meeting. I can only look at the memories of many people. At that time, there were many people involved in the discussion in the price group, some of whom later wrote reminiscence articles, and some participated in the debate between Watson and Zhang Weiying.

Zhang Weiying, co-founder of National Development Research Institute of Peking University (formerly China Economic Research Center of Peking University).

According to the information I have, the idea of price dual-track reform once appeared in Zhang Weiying’s article when he was studying at Northwest University, but it was not put forward at Moganshan Conference. According to the information provided by many people, at the Moganshan meeting, Zhang Weiying advocated "liberalizing the price", that is, "releasing the faction", while another faction, called "dispatching", advocated "adjusting the price and gradually reaching the designated position" instead of "liberalizing the price and reaching the designated position at one time". Watson seems to be a comprehensive school, that is, "the combination of adjustment and release", which is also a plan clearly suggested in the price report based on discussion. I guess that when Watson reports to Zhang Jinfu, he may report according to the idea of dual-track system.

Although the word "dual-track system" became the idea of price reform at the Moganshan meeting later, the word "dual-track system" was not invented by someone. Earlier, in 1982 and 1983, some important means of production, such as coal, had a double-track price phenomenon, otherwise there would be no inflation in China’s economy at that time. In other words, before the Moganshan Conference, the phenomenon of "price dual-track system" already existed.

However, the phenomenon of double-track price has really attracted the attention of economists, and many economists think that the double-track price system may be a feasible reform idea. After all, the risk of price liberalization at one time is too great, so it sounds reasonable to slowly adjust the planned price, and at the same time allow more excess output to be priced according to the relationship between supply and demand outside the plan, and gradually move towards the market price.

However, during the transition period, the dual-track price system means that "planned price" and "unplanned price" coexist. As you can imagine, according to such a dual-track reform, there will inevitably be a phenomenon of cross-track. Because the market price is high and the planned price is low, someone will definitely find a way to transfer the planned quota to the market, and there will be so-called collusion.

In 1985, a phenomenon appeared in China’s economy, which was called official defection, that is, the quota of official reselling plan. If you have connections, you go to the central ministries and commissions to approve a note, and you go to a steel factory to get 100 tons of steel at the planned price. Then, you buy a batch of steel at a low price with this note, and then sell it in the market at a market price higher than the planned price, and you gain huge benefits in the middle. In other words, connections and cops can bring you huge income. For a time, officials have become a corruption phenomenon that we are facing, and it has spread rapidly.

1986: the contest of reform plan

As a transitional way from planned price to market price, when many people discuss the advantages of the dual-track price system, economists such as Wu Jinglian oppose the idea of the dual-track price system. They are opposed to moving closer to the market price through the two-track method. They advocate "a basket of reforms". They believe that many factors in the economic system reform are interrelated, and you can’t just do part of the marketization. If you only do part of the market, it will definitely bring market chaos. At that time, an economic reform design office was established in the State Council, where the economists of the overall reformists were located.

They believe that this method of dual-track system not only leads to inflation, but also leads to corruption, official defection and rent-seeking. At that time, Professor Wu Jinglian and his research team wrote a lot of reports to the Central Committee, and convicted the two-track pricing system of eight crimes.

In the report, the "overall reformists" advocated that "a basket of reforms" should be promoted. In 1986, they submitted a report on the overall reform to the Central Committee, and then the State Council also held a meeting, which was also passed by the Central Committee. Regrettably, two months later, the "reform package" was shelved, so Wu Lao (Wu Jinglian) was deeply concerned about this matter. Wu Lao also mentioned this in his textbook Contemporary Economic Reform in China. Originally, the State Council planned to carry out reform according to this plan, but why did it go back on its word and give up later? I think, at that time, under the macroeconomic background of serious inflation, the "basket reform" plan was too risky. The State Council decided to suspend this reform plan, and instead decided to start the reform of enterprise ownership.

The picture shows the main representatives of the "overall reformist". From the right are: Zhou Xiaochuan (former governor of the People’s Bank of China), Li Jiange (chairman of China International Finance Corporation and former deputy director of the State Council Development Research Center), Lou Jiwei (former minister of finance and former deputy director of the State Council Development Research Center), Wu Jinglian (famous economist and researcher of the State Council Development Research Center), Wu Xiaoling (former vice president of the People’s Bank of China and former director of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange), Guo Shuqing (currently chairman of the Insurance Regulatory Commission of the Bank of China,

From 1984 to 1987, faced with severe inflation, policymakers dared not take risks, and finally decided to shift the focus of reform to enterprise reform, and carry out contract system and joint-stock system reform of state-owned enterprises.

The ownership reform of state-owned enterprises is obviously the direct result after the "basket reform" scheme was shelved, and then the debate turned to enterprise reform. At that time, an economist had been calling for enterprise reform. He has a famous saying that "if China’s economic reform fails, it must be because of price reform;" If it succeeds, it must be because of enterprise reform. " This man is Professor Li Yining from Peking University. Therefore, Li Yining also has a nickname called Li Shares. Because Li Yining advocated that state-owned enterprises should carry out ownership reform and implement joint-stock system.

At that time, the central government gave up the plan of "overall reform" of the economic system represented by Wu Jinglian, and turned to enterprise reform, which virtually supported the plan of joint-stock reform of state-owned enterprises in Li Yining. At that time, I saw a sentence in the article introducing Wu Lao on the China Academic Information Network, saying that he proposed many plans to the government, which were proved to be correct afterwards, but they were often not adopted by the central authorities. I think the most important scheme that has not been adopted is the "overall reform theory" and the later "price breakthrough" scheme.

wu jinglian(Left)And Li Yining.(right) Both of them are famous economists and leading economists in China.

Wu Lao and Li Lao were born in the same month and studied in the same middle school. But for quite a long time from the late 1980s, the two of them didn’t face each other. Until 2008, when Peking University commemorated the 30th anniversary of China’s economic reform and opening-up, they were invited to participate in the commemorative activities together, and finally attended the ceremony on the same stage, face to face. Li Yining and Wu Jinglian are two representative economists who have made great contributions to the economic reform in China.

In the era of reform in the last century, economists participated in the process of reform in various ways. Everyone can say, "There is my contribution" and "There is my suggestion". Today, this phenomenon is almost impossible. That era was really romantic.

December 1978 Xiaogang Village’s "Fixed-output Household": Bottom-up Agricultural Reform

When it comes to agricultural reform, we should mention Xiaogang Village in Fengyang, Anhui Province, and Wan Li, the former chairman of the National People’s Congress.

When Wan Li was in charge of Anhui Province, a historic event happened in Xiaogang Village, Anhui Province. Eighteen farmers spontaneously carried out the secret action of "fixing production quotas to households" and made this famous contract. This is the winter of 1978.

The picture shows the written contract made by 18 villagers in Xiaogang Village in December, 1978 for the secret "production contract". There are 22 people on this list, including their wives and 18 people with fingerprints. Because it is stipulated in this agreement that if someone has an accident, others will raise their children until they are 18 years old, so this contract requires their wives to be present. The original handprint is kept in the Chinese History Museum, and a copy is kept in the museum in Xiaogang Village.

In November 1978, the 18 villagers in Xiaogang Village secretly discussed in Yan’s family that they would "fix the production quota to each household" and distribute the land to each family. It is risky to do this, and if it is leaked, it will lead to decapitation, so they pressed their handprints and promised to raise their children until they are 18 years old. This is a very tragic thing.

It is said that Wan Li, who was in charge of Anhui Province, knew about this matter, and Wan Li secretly sent people to Xiaogang Village to learn about the situation. Because the 18 farmers in Xiaogang Village worked for a year, the village next to them found that the village had an unexpected harvest, so they found that they secretly distributed the land to their families, so someone reported it to them. We can reasonably speculate that Wan Li knew about it at that time. However, Wan Li wisely called Deng Xiaoping to ask what to do. It is said that Deng Xiaoping’s reply was very simple, and he just did not say anything.

Wan Li thought that what Xiaogang Village did spontaneously was the right way, so he wrote a report to the Central Committee and got the support of Deng Xiaoping. Then, he wrote a report to the State Agriculture Committee and the Ministry of Agriculture, suggesting that the "household contract responsibility system" should be fully implemented, but the Ministry of Agriculture was very conservative. Wan Li was so upset. In 1980, Wan Li went to work in the Central Committee and served as the Deputy Prime Minister, in charge of agriculture. After working in the Central Committee for one year, starting from 1981, he proposed a comprehensive rectification of the Ministry of Agriculture to eliminate resistance.

During the discussion in the Central Committee, Wan Li and Hu Yaobang reached a consensus, advocating the promotion of "fixing production quotas to households" throughout the country. However, the resistance was particularly great, and there were great differences of opinion among the central decision-makers. The final decision was a compromise. The household contract responsibility system was implemented in different regions, not in developed regions, but only in particularly poor places, and everything in between also depends on the situation. Therefore, we can think that the household contract responsibility system was implemented "conditionally" at that time. However, Wan Li still thinks that farmers are eager to distribute their fields to their families.

At this time, Hu Yaobang stood on Wan Li’s side and gave Wan Li a lot of support. Despite great resistance, Wan Li and Hu Yaobang are still planning to draft a document to promote the household responsibility contract system.

In any case, Hu Yaobang and Wan Li are still actively promoting the "fixed production quotas" and finally persuaded the old comrades in the Central Committee. This formed the the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China No.1 Document in early 1982 (until now, this tradition continues, and the No.1 document issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China every year must be about agriculture), agreeing to gradually promote the implementation of the household responsibility contract system nationwide.

In 1982, the entity of the people’s commune still existed. A year later, in 1983, the people’s commune was substantially disintegrated and the township government was established. In other words, the people’s commune was completely replaced by the township government in 1983. In fact, it was not completed until the end of 1984. Therefore, when the household contract responsibility system was implemented in 1982, the people’s commune was still there. But without the joint efforts of Hu Yaobang and Wan Li, it is estimated that this matter will drag on for a long time.

Unusual in 1978: the first year of reform

Because this year marks the 40th anniversary of reform and opening up, we must tell more about what happened in 1978. In November 1978, Xiaogang village in Anhui province spontaneously appeared the action of "fixing production to households"; In April 1978, the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Foreign Trade sent a delegation from Hong Kong and Macao, which finally led to the establishment of Shekou Industrial Zone and the establishment of a dock connecting Hong Kong and Macao, and later further led to the establishment of four special economic zones. What is more worth mentioning is that 1978 was a year of going abroad. In that year, 13 leaders of the Central Committee at or above the deputy national level made 20 overseas inspections.

Where did Deng Xiaoping go in 1978? First, Deng Xiaoping went to Japan in October. He visited Panasonic, and the Japanese used microwave ovens to process food. He felt very strange after seeing it. It can be said that when he went abroad for inspection in 1978, he was stimulated a lot. He also took the Shinkansen and said a meaningful sentence: This speed is just right for us.

The picture above shows Deng Xiaoping visiting Japan in 1978 and taking the Shinkansen. The picture below shows the governor of California riding the China high-speed train in 2017. Forty years ago, when Deng Xiaoping took the Japanese Shinkansen, he was filled with emotion: "Just like pushing us to run, we really need to run now!" Forty years later, the governor of California, USA, issued a similar sigh while riding the China high-speed train.

Then he went to New Matai and met with Lee Kuan Yew, then President of Singapore. In Singapore, what impressed him most was Singapore’s utilization of foreign capital, which was also the reason why he insisted on the establishment of Shenzhen Special Zone and the introduction of foreign capital. In the plan of establishing Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, it has always been emphasized that overseas Chinese should be used to introduce investment. Why does Deng Xiaoping support such a plan? Because he saw successful experience and amazing economic achievements in Singapore. He believes that China must open up and make use of foreign capital.

At the same time, Gu Mu took a delegation to visit West Germany and wrote a very detailed report after he came back. All these things happened before November 1978. Shortly after Deng Xiaoping returned from Singapore, he held a 36-day democratic thought meeting. It is to prepare for the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee at the end of the year.

The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was held in Beijing Jingxi Hotel from December 18 to 22, 1978. Before that, the Central Committee held a 36-day democratic life meeting at the suggestion of Deng Xiaoping. During the 36-day meeting, the leaders who went abroad will bring back many new ideas from abroad and share them with the comrades of the whole Party. More importantly, Deng Xiaoping and the then top leaders of the Central Committee have waged an ideological struggle on whether to give up the class struggle and shift the focus of the Party’s work to economic construction. In a sense, this 36-day democratic thought meeting is the real starting point of China’s reform and opening up.

The Democratic Thought Conference has made great achievements, that is, Deng Xiaoping’s closing speech at this conference, "Emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts, unite and look forward". If we read through the full text, we will find that this speech is very, very important. It was in this closing speech that Deng Xiaoping came up with the important idea that developing economy rather than class struggle is the first priority. The theme of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee is actually to learn from Deng Xiaoping’s closing speech.

This historic change in the Party’s ideological line gave top priority to economic construction and bid farewell to the Cultural Revolution, which led to the romantic, rational and passionate years of reform in the 1980s.

(The above content is excerpted from Professor Zhang Jun’s speech entitled "Passionate Years-Economic Reform You Don’t Know" at the Starry Platform of Fudan University on April 19, 2018. The article was compiled by Wu Yiye, research assistant of the International School of Social Work, East China University of Science and Technology. )

Do you understand the rumored "selling assets at a high price" correctly?

picture

Author Liu Yan

Editor Xin Ling

Toutu. com

After a wave of unrest, Gao Wei fell into a storm of public opinion again.

First, it was rumored that the consumer group was "indiscriminately laying off employees". After Gao Yan’s urgent rumor, it was rumored that some of its projects were "frequently looking for buyers", "selling a lot of assets" and "looking for a takeover man" … and then the market conveyed various speculations.

In response to the so-called "selling assets" in the market, Gao Yan responded to the entrepreneurial state and said: "International markets such as Coller Capital and TR Capital are all mature players in the S market. S-transactions are more often about the continuation of assets than the simple sale of assets. In the simplest way, the seller who sells the share is not a VC/PE institution, but a share transfer between LPs. Before and after the asset package transaction, the GP share remains unchanged. That is to say, the so-called’ high-selling assets’, in essence, the share transfer between high-selling LP is not high-selling assets.

At the same time, according to the entrepreneurial state, Gao Yan is also setting up a special S fund team. Gao Wei said: "S trading has two meanings for Gao Wei. On the one hand, it can serve our LP and help the existing LP to better grasp the exit rhythm. At the same time, we are also very optimistic about the investment opportunities in the S market. For the long-term optimistic areas, we can either invest in new shares or intervene in the S fund. We believe that S trading, as a new tool, has great market potential and promotes venture capital. "

Let’s not comment on the deep-seated reasons behind Gao Ling’s trading in S, but from the feedback of the market, do we really know S funds?

The answer may not be.

As far as the incident itself is concerned, "Gao Yi sets up S fund team" has been misunderstood by the market as "Gao Yi sells assets". The so-called "high-selling assets" in the market is actually the share transfer between high-selling "LP", which can make the old LP get liquidity and withdraw early, but high-selling is still the holder of assets, and its share of assets remains unchanged.

When Gao Ying set up the S fund, it appeared as a buyer in the S transaction, and they would buy fund shares, investment portfolios or investment commitments from other investors.

We can see that Gao Ling, as an important weather vane, has begun to focus on the hidden opportunities in S trading.

The fundamental reason why the market has misunderstood Gao Ling’s fund is that many people confuse the concepts of S fund and S trading, and think that S fund is only an exclusive game dominated by LP, and GP with operational problems will passively participate. Even most GPs deliberately stay away from the S fund, which seems to have the label of "disposal of non-performing assets", for the sake of brand protection.

In fact, S trading is a good tool to help GP "make money". More and more foreign GPs take the initiative to use S trading as a tool to solve the problems of raising funds, withdrawing, optimizing LP structure, asset management, adjusting investment strategy and withdrawing cash.

After more than 20 years’ development, this innovative financial instrument has entered a milestone development abroad. The landmark event is that in 2021, the GP-led S transaction exceeded the LP-led transaction scale for the first time, and it showed a sustained growth trend. According to the latest data of Jefferies in the United States, the transaction volume dominated by GP has increased from 35 billion dollars in 2020 to 68 billion dollars in 2021, accounting for more than half of the transaction volume in the S market, among which, the continuation fund (a model in S trading) accounts for the majority. This survey is also verified by Lazard’s data.

picture

Foreign GP-led transactions surpassed LP-led transactions for the first time, accounting for half of the total trading volume in the S market (Source: Lazard).

However, in China, the vast majority of China GPs don’t realize the intrinsic value of S-trading. In most cases, GPs passively participate in S-trading when LP needs to withdraw, and the GP institutions that actively initiate trading are rare. As far as quantity is concerned, there are only a few domestic GP-led trading cases, such as IDG Capital, Kunzhong Capital, Huagai Capital-Shenzhen Venture Capital, Junlian Capital, Xiangfeng Fund and Puzzle Capital.

As a professional buyer, S fund managers generally believe that the risk coefficient of GP-led S trading is higher than that of LP-led S trading, but the return on investment is also significantly higher. This has also become one of the important reasons why the big buyers of foreign mature S funds represented by Kohler Capital actively participate in GP-led transactions.

What is GP-led s trading? When will it become mainstream in China? How can VC/PE managers use it to create more value?

picture

S fund has been known to most GPs. As the market tends to be hot, 2020 is also called the first year of China S Fund. However, many people’s first impression of S fund still stays at the level of "taker" of non-performing assets.

Tracing back to 30 years ago, when S Fund was born abroad, it also had the derogatory color of "disposal of non-performing assets".

"In the beginning, S funds were only used when there were major problems in American funds. At that time, some big GPs would try to avoid having relations with S funds, so as not to be labeled as’ bad’. Now, more and more GPs are actively looking for S funds to cooperate, in order to create more income. At present, the awareness of S funds in the China market in the early stage of development is at most a neutral concept. " Yang Zhan, director of Kohler’s capital investment and general manager of Kohler (Beijing) Private Equity Fund Management Co., Ltd. introduced.

"The fund expires to find the next LP, just as it is common for a girl to find an object when she is older." Executive CEO Li Miao made an image metaphor. She believes that it is absolutely unnecessary for GP to avoid the normal behavior of selling assets or transferring shares.

"Generally, it is very good that 20% of the assets of US dollar funds can be withdrawn through IPO, and a large number of other assets need to be withdrawn through mergers and acquisitions, transfer, repurchase and liquidation." As an early group of S fund practitioners in China, Li Mingming, managing director of Xingnahe Capital, told Entrepreneurship.

"The market has a certain misunderstanding of the S fund. The S fund will not simply buy bad assets, but can look at the underlying assets through cycles and outlets and invest in valuable asset packages. And in general, the return on investment of S funds is higher than that of parent funds, even higher than that of some PE/VC funds, and J curve can be avoided to some extent. " Li Mingming thinks.

"In China, many VC/PE institutions and even the media often confuse the concept of S fund with S transaction, which leads many GPs to wonder whether they should find S fund to receive assets or do S fund, and even narrowly think that only S fund can help GP." Li Miao said.

The main difference between S fund and S transaction is that S fund is one of many participants in S transaction and a part of S market. S fund is a Secondary Fund, which specializes in investing in the private equity secondary market.

For example, there are Kohler Capital and TR Capital abroad, and there are Gefei S Fund, Nuelle S Fund, SIIC Shengshi S Fund (jointly established by Shengshi Investment and SIIC Group) and Shenzhen Venture Capital S Fund in China, which act as buyers in S transactions.

S transaction refers to the Secondary Transaction of private equity, which is commonly divided into two types: LP-led and GP-led.

picture

Among various transaction types, GP and LP have achieved different requirements (source: Executive Middle School).

Most GPs in China are familiar with the LP-dominated trading mode, and most of them are the share transfer between LPs due to liquidity considerations. Because it is difficult to bring increment to the management scale of VC/PE funds, GPs generally have no driving force to actively cooperate with S trading links such as full adjustment and industrial and commercial changes.

What VC/PE in China ignores is that GP-led S transaction usually refers to a transaction in which GP takes the initiative to transfer one or more assets or fund shares to a new fund, and the new fund will continue to be managed by the existing GP or related parties. It is generally divided into various types, such as continuing fund, fund reorganization, late trading and tied trading.

After removing the misunderstanding of S-transaction and S-fund, we further analyze the value of GP-led S-transaction to VC/PE institutional managers.

picture

For GP, what other "money-making" opportunities are implied in S trading?

Generally speaking, passive pressure and active interests are enough to drive more and more China GPs to actively participate in the private equity secondary market. This is Li Miao’s view.

As far as income is concerned, she learned that the income of investment institutions participating in S trading is considerable. "The first income from investing in S shares comes from discount income, but more income comes from the later appreciation of assets. We are familiar with S funds and financial institutions that have participated in the S market since 2021. "

For example, a fund restructuring transaction led by Kunzhong Capital, as the seller, created a 25% DPI for RMB funds. In addition, some investors revealed that the investment return performance of individual market-oriented S funds in China is better than that of mature foreign markets, and they are enjoying the early dividends in China’s S market.

However, the market dividend of S fund for LP share discount transfer will not last forever. "After a wave of market dividends in the downturn of the secondary market in 2018, the share of S in COVID-19 will be rapidly ignited in 2020, because the share of S can accelerate the cash return, reduce the risk of blind pools, and the discount rate will increase the return on income." As a parent fund practitioner for many years, Li Mingming, managing director of Xingnahe Capital, said.

After communicating with her peers, she basically reached a general consensus that the small LP share discount transfer has actually entered a relatively fierce level in China, and the "missing" behavior of buying and selling shares at low prices between LPs is difficult to last for a long time. In contrast, the complex S trading led by GP will gradually become a new trend.

"In the past two or three years, foreign GP-led transactions have gradually increased, and now it has accounted for half of S transactions, of which single assets have more transactions. The reason is not only related to the expiration of many foreign funds, but also because S trading has become one of the important exit paths for foreign M&A funds. Through S trading, M&A funds can retain assets for a longer period of time in order to obtain higher returns. " Kohler Capital Yang Zhan analyzes the differences between China and foreign countries.

picture

Many people said that the two core pain points of fund-raising and withdrawal will force China GP to find more exit ways, and S-trading will gradually become an important supplement to various exit channels such as IPO, M&A and liquidation. This trend is basically consistent with the mature American market of private equity.

Although the multi-level capital markets such as Beijing Stock Exchange, Growth Enterprise Market registration system and science and technology innovation board can broaden the exit channels, the pressure of fund exit is still great, and a large number of funds are entering the liquidation period one after another, and the demand for fund late trading is great. "Looking back at the VC/PE industry in China, it experienced rapid development from 2015 to 2017, during which a large number of market-oriented funds were established with a term of 5-7 years. Now many funds have reached the liquidation period, and LP urgently needs liquidity. In addition, there are many funds that take money from the financial funds with a term of 10 years, and they have also come to the exit period one after another, and the enthusiasm of state-owned assets to participate in S-share trading is getting higher and higher. The stock market of domestic S transactions is very large, with a scale of more than 13 trillion yuan. " Huang Zhenlei, deputy general manager of Beijing Equity Exchange Center, told Entrepreneurship.

Why are "second-hand share" trading opportunities more active in the stock market era?

Kohler Capital Yang Zhan made an image metaphor: "The Beijing real estate market has entered the stock market, and the second-hand housing transactions are active, accounting for the vast majority of the total transaction volume, which is a bit like the reason that the private equity secondary market in China will gradually enter the stock market; The real estate market in Xiong’ an is just the opposite. The real estate development time is delayed in Beijing, and it is still in the era of first-hand housing transactions, and there will be no large-scale second-hand housing transactions for the time being. "

Yang Zhan is optimistic about the market potential of a large number of second-hand shares in China market. Kohler Capital, where he works, is the buyer of the private equity secondary market with the largest investment team in the world, and its investment strategy will also focus on the GP-led market.

Huang Zhenlei of Beijing Equity Exchange Center revealed to Entrepreneurship: "As the first pilot of S share transfer in China, the transaction volume of Beijing Equity Exchange Center has shown a substantial growth trend in the last two years. Last year, the transaction volume reached 1 billion, and it is expected to break through 10 billion yuan this year."

Then analyze the pressure of GP fundraising. Factors such as new asset management regulations, tight financial funds, and financial difficulties of listed companies lead to difficulties in LP’s capital contribution. The situation that LP’s subscribed capital contribution is not in place, LP requires DPI, and fund raising increases the pressure on GP to raise funds.

What is the root cause of the difficulty in raising funds for GP?

Li Miao has different perspectives: "Compared with other asset classes, private equity funds have a long cycle and high uncertainty of investment returns. The core reason is a serious shortage of liquidity. An illiquid asset is lifeless, and S trading can just solve the liquidity problem of private equity funds. Money is the smartest and will flow to assets that can generate returns, so now we can see that a larger amount of funds have entered the private equity secondary market. "

"Despite the existence of market demand and GP pain points, on the whole, the enthusiasm of domestic GPs to actively participate in S trading needs to be improved. Although they are interested in S trading, there are not many real participants. Compared with overseas developed markets, S trading in China market is still in the early stage, and the market space is very large. " Huang Zhenlei of Beijing Equity Exchange Center said.

Judging from the proportion of capital contribution, the main sellers in China S market may be finance, central enterprises, state-owned enterprises and financial institutions, but the buyer’s strength needs to be cultivated, the types of intermediary institutions need to be enriched, and the pricing mechanism for financial state-owned shares needs to be further improved. Judging from the transactions completed by Beijing Equity Exchange Center, although there are occasional packaged asset transactions and GP restructuring, the trading mode is relatively simple, and GP-coordinated LP share trading is still the mainstream.

"A core point is that when the assets invested by GP are really poor, it is not S trading that can solve the problems of withdrawal and fundraising, and the cart before the horse cannot be put". Li Miao reminds some players who want to participate in the transaction.

picture

"Foreign fund managers and investors will use S trading as a tool to adjust their existing portfolios, just like buying stocks to adjust positions." Kohler Capital Yang Zhan said that the frequency of domestic players using S tools is obviously not high.

In addition, according to the observation of many domestic people, a new phenomenon has begun to appear in the China market. When some GPs encounter difficulties in fund-raising, they begin to use S trading tools and promise to sell some assets of new LP or past fund shares at low prices in exchange for the possibility of LP contributing to the new fund, so as to achieve the purpose of fund-raising. This practice of "tying up assets" belongs to bundled transactions.

"Although there are similar binding modes abroad, the thinking logic and original intention are different." Kohler Capital Yang Zhan reminds domestic players.

According to Li Miao, some FA will use Mingchi Continuation Fund when raising funds for GP. "this method is more suitable for new funds or GP that has just come out to raise funds and is being institutionalized. S tool can help GP create DPI performance. In addition, a single old stock and asset package transaction can also be used as a value exchange to create DPI for GP. With DPI, GP will make it easier for the new LP to see its historical performance and raise funds more conveniently. "

In fact, continuing fund and fund reorganization have become a new way of playing individual head GP in China in recent two years. "Asset restructuring seeks to withdraw, and generally packages a number of assets to speed up the withdrawal of funds and release more management energy of GP. It can also adjust investment strategies, turn to other track investments, and even actively optimize the LP structure and absorb institutionalized LP. In addition, you can also make a single project fund share transfer. " Huang Zhenlei of Beijing Equity Exchange Center said.

In China, the fund restructuring transaction known as the first RMB-to-US dollar fund in China is dominated by Kunzhong Capital.

In 2020, Kunzhong Capital packaged and sold seven projects to overseas entities set up by TR CAPITAL, creating a 25% DPI for RMB funds, and the transaction involved about 100 million US dollars. Through this S transaction, Kunzhong Capital completed the withdrawal of some RMB assets, and at the same time realized the raising of the first US dollar fund of Kunzhong Capital. Also completed the RMB-to-US-dollar fund restructuring transaction is Unconfused Capital, with the transaction scale exceeding 100 million US dollars. It can be seen that the GP-led S transaction can realize dual-currency conversion and solve the fundraising problem smoothly.

Kunzhong Capital Dollar Fund Reorganization Transaction Chart (Source: Guangchen Consultant "Ten Thousand Folds Must Be East")

Guangchen Consultant stated in "Ten Thousand Folds Must Go East" that Kunzhong Capital achieved a win-win situation among the three parties through this transaction. First of all, the original LP achieved considerable DPI through this transaction, which improved the overall cash performance of the fund in 2016; Secondly, the new LP has obtained the potential appreciation space of assets in the future; Thirdly, RMB LP helped GP upgrade to a dual-currency GP with more brand influence, paving the way for GP to enter the US dollar fund market for future financing.

In September, 2020, IDG led the completion of the S-fund restructuring transaction with NAV (Net Fund Share) exceeding USD 600 million, which became the largest publicly disclosed S-fund transaction in the history of China at that time.

This typical GP-led S-trade has injected a shot in the arm into the S-market. In the transaction, IDG packaged the portfolio of one of its RMB funds that has not been withdrawn into US dollar funds, involving more than 10 projects, and the buyer was a consortium led by Harbour Vest, an international parent fund management agency.

According to the observation of Entrepreneurship, the S transaction led by IDG capital is relatively active. At the beginning of this year, the largest single paid-in "QFLP+S" fund was established in Wuxi, which is also the first cross-border S fund of IDG to complete the payment.

Let’s look at the first publicly available large-scale RMB GP-led fund share restructuring transaction in China, with Huagai Capital as the leading party and Shenzhen Venture Capital S Fund participating as CO-GP.

The scale of this S fund is 800 million yuan. As the first RMB-structured reorganization and continuation fund in China, Huagai Capital has packaged many star projects such as Fuhong Hanlin. Through this continuation fund, Huagai Capital further enlarges the value of the portfolio, prolongs the holding period of star assets, and thus improves the return on investment.

In addition, Junlian Capital also completed a typical GP-led medical continuation fund transaction in 2021, with a transaction scale of US$ 270 million. Among them, one of the important buyers of the transaction is Kohler Capital. Prior to this, in February 2020, Junlian also completed a $200 million continuation fund transaction.

picture

Junlian Capital’s $270 million medical and health continuation fund transaction chart (Source: Zhongzhong)

Vilen, managing director of Xingnahe Capital, suggested that GP should have strong resource control ability, and it is best to find a professional intermediary or professional buyer to cooperate. Generally, GP may find it difficult to copy the existing gameplay of other GPs.

As one of the earliest S-trading practitioners in China, vilen thinks that the current S-market in China may not be as lively as most people feel. After all, the S-market in China is in its early stage, and the professionalism of the buyers and sellers involved in the transaction is extremely high. "S-trading is highly complex, the trading process is complex, the water is deep and there are many pits, so participants need to be cautious, otherwise there will be many potential risks."

Finally, many senior people said that there will be special trading opportunities and market dividends when the secondary market is depressed. 2022 is undoubtedly a good opportunity for S fund buyers to buy excellent assets, but it is not necessarily a good time for GP to sell assets.

If you are right"s trading topic"Interested, welcome to add the author’s WeChat communication (ID: ID:i20130214).

This article is original for the entrepreneurial state and may not be reproduced without authorization, otherwise the entrepreneurial state will reserve the right to pursue legal responsibility against it. If you need to reprint or have any questions, please contact editor@cyzone.cn.

Class 2, Youth, No.65th Session of the Party School of Zhengzhou Municipal Committee, held a student forum.

  Cctv news Recently, with the theme of "improving the emergency response ability and keeping the bottom line of safety and stability", the second class of the 65th Middle School of the Party School of Zhengzhou Municipal Committee held a student forum on how to improve the emergency response ability of young and middle-aged cadres. During the activity, 15 students’ representatives exchanged speeches, and Deng Yunqi, director of the cadre planning office of the Organization Department of Zhengzhou Municipal Committee, made a summary comment.

  At the forum, all the students spoke from different perspectives and fields closely around the theme, combining their work practice and learning experience. Students communicate from the practical level, explain their views from the industry field, express their views from the perspective of "learning from practice", and solve the problem of emergency response ability of young and middle-aged cadres with "understanding thinking".

  The atmosphere at the forum was warm, and "flash" suggestions emerged one after another. The speeches included both theoretical explanations and case analysis. There are both problems and countermeasures; There are both experiences and lessons. Through this forum, the students exchanged ideas, enlightened their wisdom, tested the learning effect, and embodied the purpose of applying what they have learned to promote learning.

  Deng Yunqi fully affirmed this student forum. He believes that the forum is well-prepared, well-organized, and has a strong atmosphere. All the students have made in-depth thinking based on their own job responsibilities and professional fields, and made speeches from different dimensions and perspectives. He expressed the hope that everyone will cherish the learning platform of the party school, take everything and every activity seriously, calm down, think deeply, discuss and communicate, improve their ability in all directions, lay a solid foundation for future work, and live up to the trust and cultivation of the organization.

Announcement of Public Selection of Civil Servants in Nanning directly under the authority in 2022

In order to fully implement the strategy of strengthening the capital and further improve the training and selection mechanism of civil servants from the grassroots level, according to the Civil Service Law, the Provisions on the Transfer of Civil Servants, the Measures for the Public Selection of Civil Servants and other relevant laws and regulations, the relevant matters concerning the public selection of civil servants in Nanning directly under the authority in 2022 are hereby announced as follows.

I. Position

There are 22 people in 19 positions below the first-level chief clerk and other equivalent ranks. For specific job information, please refer to the Public Selection of Civil Servants in Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2022 (annex, hereinafter referred to as the Public Selection of Civil Servants).

Second, the object and conditions

(1) Selection targets

The selection target is the on-the-job staff who have registered as civil servants in the organs below the county (city, district) in our city (including the civil service law management unit) (referring to the staff registration of the civil service law management unit, the same below). The above-mentioned target range includes staff who have withdrawn from the scope of reference management during the institutional reform, registered for reference management, approved to implement the transitional policy and are on the job.

(2) Qualifications

Applicants should meet the following qualifications:

1. Have a firm political stance and excellent political quality, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve "two maintenance".

2 with good professional quality, good conduct, outstanding performance, recognized by the masses.

3. Bachelor degree or above.

4. Have grassroots work experience for more than 2 years. "grassroots work experience" refers to the party and government organs below the county level, village (community) party organizations or village (neighborhood) committees, as well as various enterprises and institutions (except those managed by referring to the Civil Service Law). The experience of demobilized military cadres working in military regiments and units below the equivalent regiments, and the experience of retired soldiers serving in active service in the army can be regarded as grassroots work experience.

5. Generally, you should have worked in the organ at the same level for more than 2 years (including probation period), and the time of secondment in the higher authorities cannot be counted.

Applicants should meet the minimum service life requirements for working in the organs at the same level. If there is no provision, they must work in the organs at the same level for more than 2 years.

Applicants who are members of the township leadership team must have worked in the township authorities for 5 years or have worked in the township (including the village) for 5 years and have served as members of the township leadership team for 3 years.

6. The annual assessment is not basically competent.

7. Have the working ability and qualifications required by the open selection of positions. Generally under the age of 35 (born after February 25, 1986, the same below).

8. Relevant work experience required for open selection of positions.

9. Have the physical conditions and psychological quality to perform their duties normally.

10. Other qualifications that meet the requirements of open selection of positions.

11 other conditions stipulated by laws, regulations, rules and policies.

One of the following circumstances, shall not participate in the selection:

1. Being expelled from the Communist Party of China (CPC) Party membership.

2. Being listed as the object of joint punishment for dishonesty according to law.

3. Suspected of violating discipline and law, being examined by relevant specialized agencies, and no conclusion has been reached.

4. Being influenced by admonition, organizational treatment or disciplinary action, etc., whose influence period has not expired or expired.

5. Newly hired township civil servants have worked in township organs for less than 5 years (including probation period).

6. In accordance with the relevant regulations, there are other restrictions on working in hard and remote areas and directional units without full service years or transfer.

For those who are hired by lowering the entry threshold and other preferential policies, they should serve for at least 5 years (including probation period) in the hard and remote county and township organs within the city area where they apply; Under five years, it is not allowed to openly select the higher authorities in this city and the organs in non-hardship and remote areas, nor to openly select the organs in other cities and other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in the region (including those in hardship and remote areas).

7. Still in probation or promoted to leadership positions for less than 1 year.

8. Other circumstances stipulated by laws and regulations.

Applicants are not allowed to apply for the selection positions that constitute the circumstances listed in the first paragraph of Article 74 of the Civil Service Law, nor are they allowed to apply for the positions of the employing units where people who are husband and wife, lineal blood relatives, collateral blood relatives within three generations and close in-laws are leading members.

The calculation time of relevant qualifications involved in this selection, such as service years, probation period for leadership positions, punishment period, influence period, work experience, seniority and so on, takes February 25, 2022 as the deadline, and the years are accumulated according to full years.

Third, the registration procedure

(1) Job inquiry

Candidates can log on to the "Greentown party flag Red" Party Building Information Platform (www.nndj.gov.cn) and Guangxi Personnel Examination Network (www.gxpta.com.cn) to inquire about the positions and their qualifications through the published "Open Selection of Positions Schedule". The qualification examination unit shall be responsible for the interpretation of the professional, academic qualifications, work experience and other qualifications required by the position.

(2) Online registration and preliminary qualification examination

The public selection and registration is based on the combination of personal wishes and organizational recommendation. Registration and preliminary qualification examination are conducted in Guangxi Personnel Examination Network (www.gxpta.com.cn) without charge.

Applicants must log on to Guangxi Personnel Examination Network from 8:30 on February 25th to 18:00 on March 2nd, 2022, click on "Special Topics of Public Selection of Civil Servants in Cities with Districts in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2022" to enter the registration system, truthfully fill in and print the "Recommended Registration Form for Public Selection of Civil Servants in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2022" (hereinafter referred to as "Recommended Registration Form"), and obtain the consent of the appointment and removal organ (according to the cadre management authority) and affix the unit. The information in the Registration Recommendation Form must be true and accurate. Anyone who practices fraud will be disqualified from this selection. Those who fail to complete the registration steps within the specified time shall be deemed to have given up this registration. Candidates who apply for public selection shall not apply for positions higher than their positions (ranks). Each applicant is limited to one position.

The selection organ conducts the preliminary qualification examination according to the online registration information and the Registration Recommendation Form. If the preliminary qualification examination fails, the applicants can change to other positions before the deadline for registration. Applicants should pay attention to the results of qualification examination in time, and improve the application materials or change their positions in time according to the results of qualification examination. Because the application materials submitted by the applicants for online registration are untrue, incomplete or incorrectly filled in the registration information, the applicants will bear the responsibility for failing the qualification examination. Applicants who maliciously register the registration information and disturb the registration order will be dealt with according to the relevant provisions on violation of discipline and discipline in the recruitment of civil servants.

Qualification examination runs through the whole process of open selection. If it is found that the applicants do not meet the qualification requirements in each link, the employer may cancel their qualification for registration or selection; If the applicant meets the qualification conditions at the time of registration, and the applicant has worked in the organ at the same level for less than 2 years, is on probation or has been promoted to a leadership position for less than 1 year due to changes in his work unit or position after registration, his selection procedure will be terminated and he will no longer be selected as a candidate.

(3) the proportion of the examination.

In principle, the ratio of the number of people who pass the registration qualification examination to the number of people in the selection plan is not less than 3: 1 before the examination can be started. The positions that fail to reach the proportion of examination should be reduced from the selection plan to the prescribed proportion of examination; Cancellation of positions that have not been registered or the selection plan has not reached the proportion of the examination.

(4) Print the admission ticket

Applicants who have passed the qualification examination can log in to the registration system from 9:00 on March 22nd to 9:00 on May 31st, 2022, and download and print the admission ticket (A4 specification) by themselves.

Fourth, the exam

The exam is divided into written test and interview, with a score of 100 points each. The total score of the exam is scored by weight according to the written test and interview results. For details, please refer to the Open Selection Position Schedule.

(1) Written examination

The written test is organized by Nanning. The written test mainly tests the examinee’s policy and theoretical level, the ability to analyze and solve practical problems, and the ability to express words.

1. Time and place of written examination

Time: March 27th, 2022 (Sunday) from 9: 00 to 12: 00.

Venue: Nanning (see the admission ticket for the specific address).

Applicants must hold their valid identity cards and admission tickets to take the written test.

2. Written test results query

In late April, 2022, applicants can log on to Guangxi Personnel Examination Network to check their scores.

(2) Interview

1. Determine the interview candidates

According to the order from high score to low score of the written test scores of applicants for the same position, the selection organ determines the candidates who enter the interview scope according to the proportion of interview candidates specified in the Open Selection Position Schedule. When the last applicant in the proportion has tied the written test scores, it is also determined as the interview candidates. If the number of qualified people in the written test does not reach the required interview ratio, the interview will be conducted according to the actual number.

2. Interview qualification examination

Before the announcement of the interview, each selection organ shall conduct an interview qualification examination on the interviewee. Those who have not conducted the interview qualification examination or failed the interview qualification examination shall not be determined as interview candidates. If the qualification examination is unqualified or the interview qualification is abandoned, the interview candidates will be replenished and the interview qualification examination will be conducted in turn according to the written test qualified scores of the applicants for the same position from high to low.

After the announcement of the interview, if the interviewer gives up the interview qualification, the position will not be filled by the interviewer, and the interview will be conducted according to the actual number of people.

The materials for the interview qualification examination are: my valid resident identity card, academic degree certificate, relevant qualification certificates required for applying for the position, and the original materials such as the recommended registration form issued by the cadre appointment and removal authority.

3. The interview announcement was released

The interview announcement was released on the "Greentown party flag Red" Party Building Information Platform (www.nndj.gov.cn) one week before the interview.

4. Interview time and place

The selection organ determines the interview method and content according to the job requirements, with a full score of 100 and 60 as qualified, and the interview results will be announced on the day of the interview. See the interview announcement for the interview time and place.

V. Investigation and physical examination

The inspection and physical examination shall be the responsibility of the selection organ. The order of inspection and physical examination shall be determined by the selection organ according to the actual situation.

(a) to determine the candidates for inspection

According to the total score of the examination, the selection organ determines the candidates from high score to low score. If the interview results are unqualified, they shall not be listed as candidates for investigation. The selection adopts the method of difference inspection, and the number of candidates for inspection and selection plan is generally determined according to 2:1.

(2) inspection organization and implementation

The inspection work is organized and implemented by the selection organ according to the regulations, and the qualifications, morality, ability, diligence, performance and honesty of the inspected objects, as well as their political and professional qualities and the suitability of the selected positions are comprehensively investigated. Highlight political standards, focus on the study of political theory, system execution, performance ability, work performance and public recognition, in-depth study of political loyalty, political determination, political responsibility, political ability, political self-discipline, etc., and strengthen professional quality inspection. Strictly control politics, conduct, ability, style and integrity, and resolutely put an end to those who are unqualified in political quality, moral conduct, integrity and ability. According to the needs of the work, the selection organ can also increase short-term training and follow-up study to conduct extended inspection. For details, please refer to the Open Selection Position Schedule.

(3) Physical examination

The selection organ shall, according to the needs of the position, conduct a physical examination of the applicants. The cost of physical examination shall be borne by the selection organ.

Six, determine the object and publicity

(A) to determine the object

According to the investigation and job requirements, the selection organs collectively study and select the best candidates according to the cadre management authority and the principle of suitability for people and posts, and do not just choose people.

(2) publicity

The selected objects will be publicized on the "Greentown party flag Red" party building information platform (www.nndj.gov.cn) and the portal website of the unit, and the publicity period will be 5 working days. After the expiration of the publicity period, if there is no problem or the problem does not affect the post, the selection shall go through the formalities according to the relevant provisions of the transfer; To reflect the serious problems and check the evidence, cancel the selection qualification, after the cancellation, there are still qualified candidates through investigation, and the selection organ can collectively study and determine whether to make up for it, and report it to the Organization Department of the Municipal Party Committee for approval.

VII. Relevant requirements

(1) Applicants who voluntarily give up the qualification for selection shall submit it within 3 working days after the interview, and those who give up the qualification afterwards shall be recorded in the integrity file; If the information in the Registration Recommendation Form is fraudulent, it shall be recorded in the integrity file.

(two) the public selection of civil servants shall not be transferred from the selection organ within 2 years, and shall be reported to the Organization Department of the Municipal Party Committee for examination and approval.

(three) in violation of the discipline of the selection work, it shall be dealt with severely in accordance with the relevant provisions; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

(four) the organization and implementation of the selection work must strictly implement the epidemic prevention and control measures in accordance with the latest requirements for the normalization of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19.

Telephone number of qualification examination unit: See the Public Selection Position Schedule for details.

Examination consultation telephone: 0771-12333 transfer to the district level.

       0771-5624161

Policy consultation telephone: 0771-5539133

Attachment:Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 2022 Public Selection of Civil Servants Position Schedule. xlsx

Nanning administration of civil service

February 24, 2022

Tank 300 has a preferential price wheelbase of 2750 mm.

Today I’m bringing you a domestic car. As for the outstanding performance of the car, please read it together.

Let’s take a look at the appearance of the tank 300 first. The whole front of the tank 300 looks very individual and sporty. Coupled with concise headlights, the shape is very young. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, front fog lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Come to the side of the car, the car body size is 4760MM*1930MM*1903MM, the car uses domineering lines, the car body looks very cold, with large-sized thick-walled tires, it looks full of movement. In the rear part, the overall shape of the rear part echoes the front face, and the taillights are very angular. Coupled with the unique exhaust pipe, it is still relatively soft overall.

Coming into the car, the interior design of Tank 300 is very young and has a good visual effect. The steering wheel of the car is well designed, equipped with the functions of manual steering wheel up and down+front and rear adjustment, steering wheel heating and so on, which looks a little more atmospheric. Take a look at the central control, with a 12.3-inch touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior style impressive and the details are still in place. The dashboard and seats also give people a good feeling. Let’s take a look. The car is equipped with a domineering dashboard, and the sports atmosphere is relatively in place. The car uses leather seats, which are wrapped in place and the overall comfort is acceptable.

The car is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, rear wiper, interior atmosphere light and other configurations, and the configuration performance is relatively good, which improves the convenience of drivers to some extent.

This car has been introduced almost before, and I believe many users who buy a car have taken a fancy to its comfort and practicality. If you are excited, you may wish to go offline and actually feel it.

Stop the hidden danger of corruption from the cigarette card

  "Boss, do you have a cigarette card here?" After the National Day, the staff of the Supervision Committee of the Commission for Discipline Inspection of Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province came to a tobacco and liquor store in Lucheng Street for an unannounced visit.

  "I used to, but now I don’t." The shop assistant pointed to the "proposal for refusing to sell cigarette cards" and the "promise not to sell cigarette cards and accept social supervision" signs posted in the eye-catching position in the store and said, "It is not allowed to sell."

  This is the result of Changzhou’s special rectification from the tobacco card corruption cases investigated before. Things have to start from last year. The Supervision Committee of the Changzhou Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection took lien measures against Gu Moumou, the former secretary of the Party Working Committee of the High-tech Zone. Among them, the confession about the cigarette card caught the attention of the case handlers: "From 2005 to 2018, before the Spring Festival every year, Wan Moumou will give me 200,000 yuan in cash or a cigarette card worth 200 cigarettes."

  According to Gu Moumou, because of the strict management in recent years and the hidden cigarette cards, after 2015, Wan Moumou changed from sending cash to sending cigarette cards. Each of these cigarette cards indicated the variety and quantity of cigarettes. Since the cigarette card can be converted into cash, Gu Moumou did not get the cigarette but directly converted it into cash. In August this year, Gu Moumou was sentenced to 10 years in prison for accepting bribes. Among the money obtained from accepting bribes, cigarette cards totaled more than 490,000 yuan.

  According to statistics, Changzhou investigated and dealt with 41 cases involving tobacco card corruption last year, all of which involved tobacco card corruption. In the first year of this year, the Supervision Committee of Changzhou Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection took the lead in organizing self-examination, self-correction, cross-examination and unannounced visits on the issue of illegal receipt and delivery of cigarettes (cards) by various departments (units) at all levels and cadres in party member. A total of 273 cigarette cards were handed in by 72 cadres from 29 units, and 1,296,300 yuan of illegal funds were returned.

  In order to solve this problem from the source, the Supervision Committee of Changzhou Commission for Discipline Inspection keeps a close eye on the main responsible departments such as market supervision and management, tobacco monopoly, etc., and innovatively uses the working mechanism of "five orders and five transformations". By formulating task lists, listing assignment lists, issuing notices, filling in feedback lists, and issuing suggestions, the supervision content is projectized, the supervision subject is clear, the supervision matters are precise, the supervision quality is scientific, and the supervision results are long-lasting.

  In the shopping malls, supermarkets and tobacco hotels with tobacco retail monopoly licenses in Changzhou, the reporter saw the posted "Proposal on Special Rectification of Illegal Selling and Over-quota Selling of Tobacco Cards in Tobacco Hotels" and "Promise not to sell tobacco cards and accept social supervision" signs. At the urging of the discipline inspection and supervision organs at all levels, the regulatory authorities have also established files for these market sales subjects. Changzhou Tobacco Monopoly Bureau has promulgated the Administrative Measures for Stopping the Supply of Illegal Selling of Cigarette Cards, which will punish those who break their promises and violate the rules for one month. If the situation is serious, the cigarette business qualification will be cancelled, and the administrative punishment information will be pushed to the Municipal Credit Office for joint punishment.

  According to reports, through a period of rectification, tobacco card management has achieved initial results. At the same time, the "five orders and five transformations" working mechanism formed by tobacco card governance has also effectively promoted the rectification of the special struggle against evil and the feedback of environmental supervision.



  People’s Daily (19th edition, November 19, 2019)